oppressv.

Brit.

/əˈprɛs/, U.S.

/əˈprɛs/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle oppressed, (chiefly archaic) opprest, oppresst;

Forms:

α. Middle English opperesse, Middle English opprese, Middle English–1600s oppresse, Middle English–1600s opresse, Middle English–1700s oppres, Middle English–1700s (1800s nonstandard) opress, Middle English– oppress; also Scottish pre-1700 oppres, pre-1700 opprese, pre-1700 oppresse, pre-1700 opres; also past tense and past participle Middle English– opprest (now archaic), 1500s oppreste (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 oppres (past participle).

β. Middle English appres (in a late copy), Middle English appresse, Middle English apresse, 1500s appress, 1500s appreste (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 apres; N.E.D. (1903) also records a form late Middle English appress.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French oppresser.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French oppresser to press or urge (c1200 in Old French as opressé , past participle; also Anglo-Norman and Middle French apresser , appresser (early 12th cent.)), to overwhelm, suppress (second half of the 13th cent.), to violate (15th cent. in an isolated attestation), to afflict, distress (c1485) < oppress- (in oppression oppression n.), after classical Latin opprimere (past participial stem oppress- ) to overwhelm, to suppress, conceal, to crush, press, smother, to keep in subjection, to take by surprise, in post-classical Latin also to rape, violate (Vulgate) < ob- ob- prefix + premere to press (see press v.¹). Compare post-classical Latin oppressare (11th cent.; c1470 in a British source), frequentative of classical Latin opprimere, Italian oppressare (a1324; 1598 in Florio), Spanish †opressar (1420–50 to weigh down on, 16th cent. in figurative use), Old Occitan opressar.With sense 8 compare classical Latin opprimere ōra to shut the mouth, opprimere oculōs to close the eyes.

†1.

a. transitive. To overcome, put down, or subdue; to suppress; to check or put an end to; (spec.) to overwhelm (a person) in a fight or battle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome

overcomeeOE

shendc893

awinc1000

overwinOE

overheaveOE

to lay downa1225

mate?c1225

discomfitc1230

win1297

dauntc1300

cumber1303

scomfit1303

fenkc1320

to bear downc1330

confoundc1330

confusec1330

to do, put arrear1330

oversetc1330

vanquishc1330

conquerc1374

overthrowc1375

oppressc1380

outfighta1382

to put downa1382

discomfortc1384

threshc1384

vencuea1400

depressc1400

venque?1402

ding?a1425

cumrayc1425

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430

distrussc1430

supprisec1440

ascomfita1450

to do stress?c1450

victorya1470

to make (win) a conquest1477

convanquish1483

conquest1485

defeat1485

oversailc1485

conques1488

discomfish1488

fulyie1488

distress1489

overpress1489

cravent1490

utter?1533

to give (a person) the overthrow1536

debel1542

convince1548

foil1548

out-war1548

profligate1548

proflige?c1550

expugnate1568

expugn1570

victor1576

dismay1596

damnify1598

triumph1605

convict1607

overman1609

thrash1609

beat1611

debellate1611

import1624

to cut to (or in) pieces1632

maitrise1636

worst1636

forcea1641

outfight1650

outgeneral1767

to cut up1803

smash1813

slosh1890

ream1918

hammer1948

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > suppress, repress, or put down

nithereOE

adweschOE

overtreadOE

quellOE

to trample or tread under foot (also feet)c1175

adauntc1325

to bear downc1330

oppressc1380

repressc1391

overyoke?a1425

quencha1425

to bear overc1425

supprisec1440

overquell?c1450

farec1460

supprime1490

downbeara1500

stanch1513

undertread1525

downtread1536

suppress1537

to set one's foot on the neck of1557

depress?a1562

overbear1565

surpress1573

trample1583

repose1663

spiflicate1749

sort1815

to trample down1853

to sit on ——1915

to clamp down1924

crack down1940

tamp1959

c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 4 Ydelnesse..To eschuen and by hir contrarie hire oppresse..Wel oghte we to doon al oure entente.

?c1425 (c1390) G. Chaucer Fortune 60 Why sholdestow my realtee oppresse [v.r. apresse]?

c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 48 Whom þei wold preferr þei schul regne in prosperite and whom þe wold oppresse þe schuld neuyr rise.

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iv. xxxvi. f. 81^v Strong and myghti..to oppresse briboures and extorcioneres.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxx The Englishemen..beyng oppressed with so greate a multitude, thei wer compelled to flie into the Abbaye.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlj^v That the trueth should be oppressed, and the lyght of the Ghospell extinguisshed.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 745 He..determined..to passe ouer..into Affricke,..in hope to oppresse that rebellion in the beginning.

1647 A. Ross Mystagogvs Poeticvs viii. 115 He [sc. Hercules] oppressed Cacus.

1709 Tatler No. 32. ⁋6 An Enormity which has been revived (after being long oppressed) and is called Punning.

1713 J. Addison Cato iv. iv Opprest with multitudes, he greatly fell.

1829 J. Mackintosh Case Donna Maria in Wks. (1846) II. 412 England..who had the power of rapidly succouring Portugal, without the means of oppressing her independence.

b. intransitive. To be overwhelmed. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > be under authority [verb (intransitive)] > be crushed or suppressed

oppress?c1500

to kiss the ground1589

to kiss the dust1835

?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) 2111 Now I know well I xall not opprese.

c. transitive. To conceal; to inhibit; to remove or erase from consciousness or currency. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

forhelec888

i-hedec888

dernc893

hidec897

wryOE

behelec1000

behidec1000

bewryc1000

forhidec1000

overheleOE

hilla1250

fealc1325

cover1340

forcover1382

blinda1400

hulsterc1400

overclosec1400

concealc1425

shroud1426

blend1430

close1430

shadow1436

obumber?1440

mufflea1450

alaynec1450

mew?c1450

purloin1461

to keep close?1471

oversilec1478

bewrap1481

supprime1490

occulta1500

silec1500

smoor1513

shadec1530

skleir1532

oppressa1538

hudder-mudder1544

pretex1548

lap?c1550

absconce1570

to steek away1575

couch1577

recondite1578

huddle1581

mew1581

enshrine1582

enshroud1582

mask1582

veil1582

abscondc1586

smotherc1592

blot1593

sheathe1594

immask1595

secret1595

bemist1598

palliate1598

hoodwinka1600

overmaska1600

hugger1600

obscure1600

upwrap1600

undisclose1601

disguise1605

screen1611

underfold1612

huke1613

eclipsea1616

encavea1616

ensconcea1616

obscurify1622

cloud1623

inmewa1625

beclouda1631

pretext1634

covert1647

sconce1652

tapisa1660

shun1661

sneak1701

overlay1719

secrete1741

blank1764

submerge1796

slur1813

wrap1817

buttress1820

stifle1820

disidentify1845

to stick away1900

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 12 Man yf he be brought up in corrupt opynyon hath no perceyverance of thys natural law, but suffryth hyt by neclygence to be oppressyd as ther wer no such sedys plantyd in hym.

1539 C. Tunstall Serm. Palme Sondaye sig. Biii His godly nature coulde not be hydde, nor kepte vnder, nor oppressed by any humilitie.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cliij This is alwayes theyr facion, that..they wyll in suche maner of assemblies, oppresse Christ and his veritie.

†a. transitive. To press forcefully on (a person or thing), esp. so as to cause damage or discomfort; to crush; to crowd; to smother. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush

breakc900

to-bruisec1000

swatchea1300

to-gnidea1300

defoulc1300

to-crushc1300

thring13..

squatcha1325

to-squatc1325

oppressa1382

crush?a1400

thronga1400

dequassc1400

birzec1425

crazec1430

frayc1460

defroysse1480

to-quashc1480

croose1567

pletter1598

becrush1609

mortify1609

winder1610

crackle1611

quest1647

scrouge1755

grush1827

jam1832

roll1886

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job i. 19 Þe hous..fallinge oppressede [L. oppressit] þi fre childre & ben deade.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Mark iii. 9 The litil boot shulde serue hym for the cumpanye of peple, lest thei oppressiden [L. comprimerent] hym.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 499 Yef euery kynde an order by hymselve, Lest myghty treen the smale adoun oppresse.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 209 He was slayn..oppressed betwix to fedir-beddis.

?a1500 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1911) 126 367 (MED) Sathan with wynde and wedyr..the house downe dressid, And all the Children of Job therin wer oppressid.

1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. ii. 214 Brennus..when hee entred the city so loaded her with gold, that he couered and oppressed her therewith.

1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie ii. vii. 162 The upper part of a Church fell..and..the women sitting in the body of the Church, many of them were oppressed.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela (1824) I. cii. 493 Fear to put on his hat, lest he should oppress his foretop.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xxxv. 298 The wounded king was oppressed in the general disorder, and trampled under the feet of his own cavalry.

b. transitive. Of grief, sleep, hunger, etc.: to affect with a feeling of pressure, constraint, or distress; to afflict; to (mentally) overwhelm or weigh down (a person). Frequently with by or with. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > by pressing upon

oppressc1384

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict

heavyc897

narroweOE

overlayOE

overseamOE

twingea1300

to weigh downa1340

grieve1340

besit1377

oppressc1384

foila1400

thringa1400

empressc1400

enpressc1400

aska1425

press?a1425

peisea1450

straita1464

constraina1500

overhale1531

to grate on or upon1532

wrack1562

surcharge1592

to lie heavy uponc1595

to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595

to sit on ——1607

to sit upon ——1607

gall1614

bear1645

weight1647

obsess1648

aggrieve1670

swinge1681

lean1736

gravitate1754

weigh1794

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > oppress [verb (transitive)]

beareOE

charka1300

to weigh downa1340

besit1377

to bear (a person or thing) heavyc1384

oppressc1384

thringa1400

empressc1400

accloyc1425

to sit downa1450

threst1513

downtread1536

to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595

to bear (a person or thing) hard (also heavily, heavy, etc.)1602

pressa1616

weight1647

to bear (a person or thing) heavily1702

weigh1794

freight1892

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds x. 38 Jhesu of Nazareth..thorw passide in..heelinge alle men oppressid [L. oppressos] of the deuyl.

a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iii. 1089 Every spirit his vigour in knette, So they astoned or oppressed were.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 2462 (MED) A sodeyn slep gan me..oppresse.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 46 Hit semeth that he hath his herte oppressid with aspre dueil and sorowe.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxii. 65 Hunger opressyd hym more than it dyde to them of gretter age.

1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts xx. 9 A certaine yong man..was oppressed with heauy sleepe.

1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night sig. Ciij Such is our braine oppressed with melancholy, as is a clocke tyde downe with too heauie weights or plummets.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 129 Knowledge is as food, and needs no less Her Temperance over Appetite,..Oppresses else with Surfet.

1697 J. Dryden Alexander's Feast v. 5 With Love and Wine at once oppress'd.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 105 These Reflections oppress'd me for the second or third Day of my Distemper.

1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 15 Thus groan the old, till by disease opprest, They taste a final woe.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas lxix, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 52 The grave Of such, when death oppressed the weary soul, Was as a green and over arching bower.

1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables vii. 111 As if her bosom were oppressed with tenderness, of which she must needs pour out a little, in order to gain breathing-room.

1911 A. F. Pollard Hist. Eng. viii. 143 He set out.., leaving Mary, oppressed with grief, in the especial charge of Pole.

1939 R. A. Knox Let Dons Delight vi. 161 For all that, sheer multitudinosity has power to oppress the mind.

1989 P. Mailloux Hesitation before Birth vii. 110 He is oppressed by his work, which leaves him too tired to do anything else.

2000 J. Griffiths Grip on Thin Air 25 By night, the over-Familiarity of the room oppresses.

a. transitive. To keep (a person or group of people, esp. a minority or other subordinate group) in subjection and hardship by the unjust exercise of authority, power, or strength; to exploit; to tyrannize over.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (transitive)]

ofsiteOE

forthringOE

overlayOE

ofsetOE

to tread down, under foot, in the mire, to the ground, to piecesc1175

overseta1200

defoulc1300

oppressa1382

overpressa1382

overchargec1390

overleadc1390

overliea1393

thringa1400

overcarkc1400

to grind the faces (occasionally face) ofa1425

press?a1425

downthringc1430

vicea1525

tread1526

to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstonea1533

tyrannizea1533

wring1550

downpress1579

bepress1591

defoil1601

ingrate1604

crush1611

grinda1626

macerate1637

trample1646

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxi. 14 Þou shalt leue here fre, ne sulle þou maist by money, ne oppresse [L. opprimere] by power.

c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 30 (MED) Þoo þat oppresit his tenantes..or þat dooth ony extorsions..kepe not þis commaundement.

c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) 333 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 213 (MED) Þe poore peple þou doist oppresse Wiþ sleitis and wilis.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. (1821) II. 261 To appele the thevis quhilkis opprest thame maist.

1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 309 Euery great man..seuerally oppresseth the common people.

1673 in H. Paton Rep. Laing MSS (1914) I. 391 How his majestie..has been abused & his subjects opressed.

1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace i. i. 182 That Man divine whom Wisdom calls her own,..Rich ev'n when plunder'd, honour'd while oppress'd.

1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia xiii. 229 One who entered into this contest..so that the corrupt will of no one man might in future oppress him.

1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lxii. 147 The powerful citizens oppressed the weak.

1888 S. Moore tr. K. Marx & F. Engels Manifesto Communist Party ii. 22 Political power..is merely the organised power of one class for oppressing another.

1958 I. Berlin Two Concepts Liberty iv. 28 A rule does not oppress me or enslave me if I impose it on myself consciously, or accept it freely.

1988 D. Lodge Nice Work iv. iii. 174 I did tell him I thought he was oppressing his wife.

2000 Independent 18 Jan. ii. 2/7 Nasser of Egypt was a secular ruler, as is Gaddafi of Libya, who continues violently to oppress Islamists.

b. intransitive. To govern harshly; to tyrannize; to engage in oppression. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (intransitive)]

holec1175

thringc1175

domineer1591

tyrannizea1593

ingrate1600

oppress1611

magistrate1623

tyranny1650

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms x. 18 To judge the fatherless & the oppressed, that the man of the earth may no more oppress .

a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. vii. 174 The police who oppressed in petty ways wherever they dared.

†4. transitive. To rape, violate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > rape

to do (a) shamec1275

afforcec1330

beforcec1375

misusea1382

oppressa1382

enforcec1386

ravisha1387

forcea1400

betravaila1425

trespass1427

supprisea1450

violatec1450

viole?c1450

stuprate?1526

devour1530

stupre1548

constuprate1550

rape1574

suppress1590

harry1591

constrain1594

abripe1623

obstuprate1658

spoil1678

to rip off1967

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xiii. 14 He wolde not assenten to þe preieris of hir, but more miyȝti by strengþis oppressede [L. oppressit] hir.

a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 3 (MED) Hadde Thamar, Dauid is dowter, ben a fouȝl, leyth damesele, behap Amoun here broþur hadde here not oppressed.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 39 (MED) The abbote..was accusede..that he hade oppressede that woman.

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 119 Be violence my Quene he wald opprest.

1613 J. Hayward Lives III Normans (Malh.) III. 157 If a man oppressed any woman, he was deprived of his privy parts.

†5.

a. transitive. To come upon unexpectedly; to take by surprise. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > surprise, astonish [verb (transitive)] > take by surprise

oppressa1382

susprisea1400

swikec1400

supprisec1405

catchc1425

to take (a person) at advantage(s)1523

to take (also rarely catch, find) a person tardy1530

to take tarde1547

to take (a person) short1553

to catch (also take) (a person) nappinga1576

preoccupate1582

surprise?1592

overcomea1616

to take (or catch)‥unawaresa1616

to take at a surprise1691

to catch (also take) on the hop1868

to catch (a person) bending1910

wrong-foot1957

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xx. 13 Wile thou not looue slep, lest thee nedynesse opresse [L. opprimat].

a1555 N. Ridley Wks. (1841) 145 Woe be unto us, if he can oppress us at unawares.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 673 Hoping..to steale into the campe vndiscouered, and there so to oppresse Solyman sleeping in his tent.

b. transitive. To attack, make war against; to persecute. Occasionally of a disaster or misfortune: to afflict. Obsolete.In some cases difficult to distinguish from sense 3a.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]

greetc893

overfallOE

riseOE

assail?c1225

to lay on or upon?c1225

onseekc1275

to set on ——c1290

infighta1300

saila1300

to go upon ——c1300

to turn one's handc1325

lashc1330

annoyc1380

impugnc1384

offendc1385

to fall on ——a1387

sault1387

affrayc1390

to set upon ——1390

to fall upon ——a1398

to lay at?a1400

semblea1400

assayc1400

havec1400

aset1413

oppressa1425

attachc1425

to set at ——c1430

fraya1440

fray1465

oppugn?a1475

sayc1475

envaye1477

pursue1488

envahisshe1489

assaulta1500

to lay to, untoa1500

requirea1500

enterprise?1510

invade1513

assemblec1515

expugn1530

to fare on1535

to fall into ——1550

mount1568

attack?1576

affront1579

invest1598

canvass1599

to take arms1604

attempt1605

to make force at, to, upon1607

salute1609

offence1614

strikea1616

to give a lift at1622

to get at ——1650

insult1697

to walk into ——1794

to go in at1812

to go for ——1838

to light on ——1842

strafe1915

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict

overharryeOE

aileOE

swencheOE

besetOE

traya1000

teenOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

derve?c1225

grieve1297

harrya1300

noyc1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

wrath14..

aggrievea1325

annoya1325

tribula1325

to hold wakenc1330

anguish1340

distrainc1374

wrap1380

strain1382

ermec1386

afflicta1393

cumbera1400

assayc1400

distressc1400

temptc1400

encumber1413

labour1437

infortune?a1439

stressa1450

trouble1489

arraya1500

constraina1500

attempt1525

misease1530

exercise1531

to hold or keep waking1533

try1539

to wring to the worse1542

pinch1548

affligec1550

trounce1551

oppress1555

inflict1566

overharl1570

strait1579

to make a martyr of1599

straiten1611

tribulatea1637

to put through the hoop(s)1919

snooter1923

a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judges (Corpus Oxf.) x. 12 Whether not the Egipciens, and Amorreis,..and Amalech, and Chanaan oppressiden [L. oppresserunt] ȝou?

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 8227 (MED) In her Ire..Cruelly þei her foon oppresse.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 115 (MED) The Scottes and the Pyctes..bete and oppressid this lande.

a1500 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Stowe) 16108 (MED) Thamyral..ys Sathan..Foo to Adam and hys Lynage, For topresse hem with hys Raage.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iv. f. 20^v Fewe of the inhabitantes..kepte theyr promyse, bycause they were sorer oppressed with famine then any of the other.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxvij^v The fury of the Turkes, & the Heresie of Luther oppresse vs both at once.

1611 Bible (King James) Num. x. 9 If ye go to war in your land against the enemy that oppresseth you, then ye shall blow an alarm with the trumpets.

1648 S. Danforth Almanack 5 Those Birds of prey, who somtime have opprest And stain'd the Country with their filthy nest, Justice abhors.

†6. transitive. To deprive (a person) of or from something by force. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of)

benimc890

to do of ——eOE

bedealc1000

disturbc1230

bereavec1275

reave?a1300

acquitc1300

benemec1300

deprivec1330

privea1382

subvertc1384

oppressc1395

abridgea1400

to bate of, from1399

lessa1400

nakena1400

dischargea1425

privatec1425

to bring outa1450

abatec1450

sever?1507

spulyie?1507

denude1513

disable1529

distrain1530

destituec1540

destitutec1540

defalk1541

to turn out of ——1545

discomfit1548

wipe1549

nude1551

disannul?a1556

bereft1557

diminish1559

benoom1563

joint1573

uncase1583

rid1585

disarm1590

visitc1592

ease1600

dispatch1604

unfurnisha1616

rig1629

retrench1640

unbecomea1641

disentail1641

cashier1690

twin1722

mulct1748

fordo1764

to do out of ——1796

to cut out1815

bate1823

deprivate1832

devoid1878

c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1385 She..Chees rather for to dye than assente To been oppressed of hir maydenhede.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 1382 (MED) Sum man may disherite & oppresse A poore man from his possessioun.

†7. transitive. To press or urge (a person). Also reflexive: to force or exert oneself. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)]

needeOE

straita1340

pressa1393

afforcea1400

stressa1400

coactc1400

coarctc1400

strainc1400

compulse?a1475

cohert1475

oppress1523

compel1526

forcec1540

to tie to the stake1544

urge1576

adact1615

duressa1626

coerce1659

railroad1889

to twist the tail1895

steamroll1900

steamroller1912

shanghai1919

bulldozer1945

shotguna1961

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxxxv. 162 If I wolde sore oppresse you I am sure ye wolde gladly pay x. thousand crownes.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 3390 I shall appres me with pyne your prayer to here.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 9450 Oppresse the with payn, & present hym dethe.

†8. transitive. To close, to shut up. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > stop up or render unreceptive

steeka1400

oppress1583

1583 Ld. Burghley Execution of Iustice sig. Eiv Persons that haue..stopped their eares against the sounde of Justice, and oppressed their heartes against the force of reason.

9. transitive. Heraldry. = debruise v. 2. Cf. oppressed adj. 2. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > place charge on [verb (transitive)] > cover or surmount by ordinary charge

debruise1572

oppress1869

1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry vi. 81 When an Ordinary surmounts, or is placed over, a Lion or other animal, it is said to be Debruised, or Oppressed, by that Ordinary.

1992 D. Williamson Debrett's Guide to Heraldry & Regalia 123/1 Debruised (oppressed), descriptive of any charge over which an ordinary or sub-ordinary is placed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	oppress
释义	† oppressn. Forms: 1500s oppresse, 1800s oppress; Scottish pre-1700 oppres. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French oppresse. Etymology: < Middle French oppresse action of oppressing (15th cent.), affliction, suffering (late 16th cent.) < classical Latin oppressa , feminine of oppressus , past participle of opprimere (see oppress v.). Compare Old Occitan opressa . Compare earlier oppression n. Obsolete. rare (poetic) in later use. = oppression n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > oppression, persecution, or affliction threat971 constraintc1374 oppressiona1382 pressurec1384 aggrievancea1400 thronga1400 oppress1488 aggrievement1646 compression1759 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > [noun] threat971 oppressiona1382 oppress1488 downdraw1813 heavy-ladenness1877 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > [noun] > oppressed feeling oppress1488 oppression1749 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > [noun] > action of oppressing oppressiona1382 oppressurec1390 oppress1488 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 144 The gret oppres off wer. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. xxix. sig. kk.ii Suche oppresse of paynes & of temptacyons. 1585 J. Dee Jrnl. in True & Faithful Relation Spirits (1659) i. 399 He became in a great oppresse of mind to find us coupled with so ungodly a man. 1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune sig. G3^v With selfezeal-doom, or by oppresse Of tyrannie by villaines hands inflicted?. 1896 E. Dickinson Poems 24 This traverse may the poorest take Without oppress of toll. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020). oppressv. Brit. /əˈprɛs/, U.S. /əˈprɛs/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle oppressed, (chiefly archaic) opprest, oppresst; Forms: α. Middle English opperesse, Middle English opprese, Middle English–1600s oppresse, Middle English–1600s opresse, Middle English–1700s oppres, Middle English–1700s (1800s nonstandard) opress, Middle English– oppress; also Scottish pre-1700 oppres, pre-1700 opprese, pre-1700 oppresse, pre-1700 opres; also past tense and past participle Middle English– opprest (now archaic), 1500s oppreste (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 oppres (past participle). β. Middle English appres (in a late copy), Middle English appresse, Middle English apresse, 1500s appress, 1500s appreste (past participle); Scottish pre-1700 apres; N.E.D. (1903) also records a form late Middle English appress. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French oppresser. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French oppresser to press or urge (c1200 in Old French as opressé , past participle; also Anglo-Norman and Middle French apresser , appresser (early 12th cent.)), to overwhelm, suppress (second half of the 13th cent.), to violate (15th cent. in an isolated attestation), to afflict, distress (c1485) < oppress- (in oppression oppression n.), after classical Latin opprimere (past participial stem oppress- ) to overwhelm, to suppress, conceal, to crush, press, smother, to keep in subjection, to take by surprise, in post-classical Latin also to rape, violate (Vulgate) < ob- ob- prefix + premere to press (see press v.¹). Compare post-classical Latin oppressare (11th cent.; c1470 in a British source), frequentative of classical Latin opprimere, Italian oppressare (a1324; 1598 in Florio), Spanish †opressar (1420–50 to weigh down on, 16th cent. in figurative use), Old Occitan opressar.With sense 8 compare classical Latin opprimere ōra to shut the mouth, opprimere oculōs to close the eyes. †1. a. transitive. To overcome, put down, or subdue; to suppress; to check or put an end to; (spec.) to overwhelm (a person) in a fight or battle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome overcomeeOE shendc893 awinc1000 overwinOE overheaveOE to lay downa1225 mate?c1225 discomfitc1230 win1297 dauntc1300 cumber1303 scomfit1303 fenkc1320 to bear downc1330 confoundc1330 confusec1330 to do, put arrear1330 oversetc1330 vanquishc1330 conquerc1374 overthrowc1375 oppressc1380 outfighta1382 to put downa1382 discomfortc1384 threshc1384 vencuea1400 depressc1400 venque?1402 ding?a1425 cumrayc1425 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430 distrussc1430 supprisec1440 ascomfita1450 to do stress?c1450 victorya1470 to make (win) a conquest1477 convanquish1483 conquest1485 defeat1485 oversailc1485 conques1488 discomfish1488 fulyie1488 distress1489 overpress1489 cravent1490 utter?1533 to give (a person) the overthrow1536 debel1542 convince1548 foil1548 out-war1548 profligate1548 proflige?c1550 expugnate1568 expugn1570 victor1576 dismay1596 damnify1598 triumph1605 convict1607 overman1609 thrash1609 beat1611 debellate1611 import1624 to cut to (or in) pieces1632 maitrise1636 worst1636 forcea1641 outfight1650 outgeneral1767 to cut up1803 smash1813 slosh1890 ream1918 hammer1948 society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > suppress, repress, or put down nithereOE adweschOE overtreadOE quellOE to trample or tread under foot (also feet)c1175 adauntc1325 to bear downc1330 oppressc1380 repressc1391 overyoke?a1425 quencha1425 to bear overc1425 supprisec1440 overquell?c1450 farec1460 supprime1490 downbeara1500 stanch1513 undertread1525 downtread1536 suppress1537 to set one's foot on the neck of1557 depress?a1562 overbear1565 surpress1573 trample1583 repose1663 spiflicate1749 sort1815 to trample down1853 to sit on ——1915 to clamp down1924 crack down1940 tamp1959 c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 4 Ydelnesse..To eschuen and by hir contrarie hire oppresse..Wel oghte we to doon al oure entente. ?c1425 (c1390) G. Chaucer Fortune 60 Why sholdestow my realtee oppresse [v.r. apresse]? c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 48 Whom þei wold preferr þei schul regne in prosperite and whom þe wold oppresse þe schuld neuyr rise. a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iv. xxxvi. f. 81^v Strong and myghti..to oppresse briboures and extorcioneres. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxx The Englishemen..beyng oppressed with so greate a multitude, thei wer compelled to flie into the Abbaye. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlj^v That the trueth should be oppressed, and the lyght of the Ghospell extinguisshed. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 745 He..determined..to passe ouer..into Affricke,..in hope to oppresse that rebellion in the beginning. 1647 A. Ross Mystagogvs Poeticvs viii. 115 He [sc. Hercules] oppressed Cacus. 1709 Tatler No. 32. ⁋6 An Enormity which has been revived (after being long oppressed) and is called Punning. 1713 J. Addison Cato iv. iv Opprest with multitudes, he greatly fell. 1829 J. Mackintosh Case Donna Maria in Wks. (1846) II. 412 England..who had the power of rapidly succouring Portugal, without the means of oppressing her independence. b. intransitive. To be overwhelmed. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > be under authority [verb (intransitive)] > be crushed or suppressed oppress?c1500 to kiss the ground1589 to kiss the dust1835 ?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) 2111 Now I know well I xall not opprese. c. transitive. To conceal; to inhibit; to remove or erase from consciousness or currency. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)] heeleOE forhelec888 i-hedec888 dernc893 hidec897 wryOE behelec1000 behidec1000 bewryc1000 forhidec1000 overheleOE hilla1250 fealc1325 cover1340 forcover1382 blinda1400 hulsterc1400 overclosec1400 concealc1425 shroud1426 blend1430 close1430 shadow1436 obumber?1440 mufflea1450 alaynec1450 mew?c1450 purloin1461 to keep close?1471 oversilec1478 bewrap1481 supprime1490 occulta1500 silec1500 smoor1513 shadec1530 skleir1532 oppressa1538 hudder-mudder1544 pretex1548 lap?c1550 absconce1570 to steek away1575 couch1577 recondite1578 huddle1581 mew1581 enshrine1582 enshroud1582 mask1582 veil1582 abscondc1586 smotherc1592 blot1593 sheathe1594 immask1595 secret1595 bemist1598 palliate1598 hoodwinka1600 overmaska1600 hugger1600 obscure1600 upwrap1600 undisclose1601 disguise1605 screen1611 underfold1612 huke1613 eclipsea1616 encavea1616 ensconcea1616 obscurify1622 cloud1623 inmewa1625 beclouda1631 pretext1634 covert1647 sconce1652 tapisa1660 shun1661 sneak1701 overlay1719 secrete1741 blank1764 submerge1796 slur1813 wrap1817 buttress1820 stifle1820 disidentify1845 to stick away1900 a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 12 Man yf he be brought up in corrupt opynyon hath no perceyverance of thys natural law, but suffryth hyt by neclygence to be oppressyd as ther wer no such sedys plantyd in hym. 1539 C. Tunstall Serm. Palme Sondaye sig. Biii His godly nature coulde not be hydde, nor kepte vnder, nor oppressed by any humilitie. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cliij This is alwayes theyr facion, that..they wyll in suche maner of assemblies, oppresse Christ and his veritie. 2. †a. transitive. To press forcefully on (a person or thing), esp. so as to cause damage or discomfort; to crush; to crowd; to smother. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush breakc900 to-bruisec1000 swatchea1300 to-gnidea1300 defoulc1300 to-crushc1300 thring13.. squatcha1325 to-squatc1325 oppressa1382 crush?a1400 thronga1400 dequassc1400 birzec1425 crazec1430 frayc1460 defroysse1480 to-quashc1480 croose1567 pletter1598 becrush1609 mortify1609 winder1610 crackle1611 quest1647 scrouge1755 grush1827 jam1832 roll1886 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Job i. 19 Þe hous..fallinge oppressede [L. oppressit] þi fre childre & ben deade. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Mark iii. 9 The litil boot shulde serue hym for the cumpanye of peple, lest thei oppressiden [L. comprimerent] hym. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iii. 499 Yef euery kynde an order by hymselve, Lest myghty treen the smale adoun oppresse. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 209 He was slayn..oppressed betwix to fedir-beddis. ?a1500 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1911) 126 367 (MED) Sathan with wynde and wedyr..the house downe dressid, And all the Children of Job therin wer oppressid. 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. ii. 214 Brennus..when hee entred the city so loaded her with gold, that he couered and oppressed her therewith. 1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie ii. vii. 162 The upper part of a Church fell..and..the women sitting in the body of the Church, many of them were oppressed. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela (1824) I. cii. 493 Fear to put on his hat, lest he should oppress his foretop. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) II. xxxv. 298 The wounded king was oppressed in the general disorder, and trampled under the feet of his own cavalry. b. transitive. Of grief, sleep, hunger, etc.: to affect with a feeling of pressure, constraint, or distress; to afflict; to (mentally) overwhelm or weigh down (a person). Frequently with by or with. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > by pressing upon oppressc1384 the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict heavyc897 narroweOE overlayOE overseamOE twingea1300 to weigh downa1340 grieve1340 besit1377 oppressc1384 foila1400 thringa1400 empressc1400 enpressc1400 aska1425 press?a1425 peisea1450 straita1464 constraina1500 overhale1531 to grate on or upon1532 wrack1562 surcharge1592 to lie heavy uponc1595 to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595 to sit on ——1607 to sit upon ——1607 gall1614 bear1645 weight1647 obsess1648 aggrieve1670 swinge1681 lean1736 gravitate1754 weigh1794 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > condition of being oppressed > oppress [verb (transitive)] beareOE charka1300 to weigh downa1340 besit1377 to bear (a person or thing) heavyc1384 oppressc1384 thringa1400 empressc1400 accloyc1425 to sit downa1450 threst1513 downtread1536 to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595 to bear (a person or thing) hard (also heavily, heavy, etc.)1602 pressa1616 weight1647 to bear (a person or thing) heavily1702 weigh1794 freight1892 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds x. 38 Jhesu of Nazareth..thorw passide in..heelinge alle men oppressid [L. oppressos] of the deuyl. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iii. 1089 Every spirit his vigour in knette, So they astoned or oppressed were. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 2462 (MED) A sodeyn slep gan me..oppresse. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 46 Hit semeth that he hath his herte oppressid with aspre dueil and sorowe. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxii. 65 Hunger opressyd hym more than it dyde to them of gretter age. 1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts xx. 9 A certaine yong man..was oppressed with heauy sleepe. 1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night sig. Ciij Such is our braine oppressed with melancholy, as is a clocke tyde downe with too heauie weights or plummets. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 129 Knowledge is as food, and needs no less Her Temperance over Appetite,..Oppresses else with Surfet. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden Alexander's Feast v. 5 With Love and Wine at once oppress'd. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 105 These Reflections oppress'd me for the second or third Day of my Distemper. 1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 15 Thus groan the old, till by disease opprest, They taste a final woe. a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas lxix, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 52 The grave Of such, when death oppressed the weary soul, Was as a green and over arching bower. 1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables vii. 111 As if her bosom were oppressed with tenderness, of which she must needs pour out a little, in order to gain breathing-room. 1911 A. F. Pollard Hist. Eng. viii. 143 He set out.., leaving Mary, oppressed with grief, in the especial charge of Pole. 1939 R. A. Knox Let Dons Delight vi. 161 For all that, sheer multitudinosity has power to oppress the mind. 1989 P. Mailloux Hesitation before Birth vii. 110 He is oppressed by his work, which leaves him too tired to do anything else. 2000 J. Griffiths Grip on Thin Air 25 By night, the over-Familiarity of the room oppresses. 3. a. transitive. To keep (a person or group of people, esp. a minority or other subordinate group) in subjection and hardship by the unjust exercise of authority, power, or strength; to exploit; to tyrannize over. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (transitive)] ofsiteOE forthringOE overlayOE ofsetOE to tread down, under foot, in the mire, to the ground, to piecesc1175 overseta1200 defoulc1300 oppressa1382 overpressa1382 overchargec1390 overleadc1390 overliea1393 thringa1400 overcarkc1400 to grind the faces (occasionally face) ofa1425 press?a1425 downthringc1430 vicea1525 tread1526 to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstonea1533 tyrannizea1533 wring1550 downpress1579 bepress1591 defoil1601 ingrate1604 crush1611 grinda1626 macerate1637 trample1646 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xxi. 14 Þou shalt leue here fre, ne sulle þou maist by money, ne oppresse [L. opprimere] by power. c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 30 (MED) Þoo þat oppresit his tenantes..or þat dooth ony extorsions..kepe not þis commaundement. c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) 333 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 213 (MED) Þe poore peple þou doist oppresse Wiþ sleitis and wilis. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. (1821) II. 261 To appele the thevis quhilkis opprest thame maist. 1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 309 Euery great man..seuerally oppresseth the common people. 1673 in H. Paton Rep. Laing MSS (1914) I. 391 How his majestie..has been abused & his subjects opressed. 1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace i. i. 182 That Man divine whom Wisdom calls her own,..Rich ev'n when plunder'd, honour'd while oppress'd. 1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia xiii. 229 One who entered into this contest..so that the corrupt will of no one man might in future oppress him. 1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lxii. 147 The powerful citizens oppressed the weak. 1888 S. Moore tr. K. Marx & F. Engels Manifesto Communist Party ii. 22 Political power..is merely the organised power of one class for oppressing another. 1958 I. Berlin Two Concepts Liberty iv. 28 A rule does not oppress me or enslave me if I impose it on myself consciously, or accept it freely. 1988 D. Lodge Nice Work iv. iii. 174 I did tell him I thought he was oppressing his wife. 2000 Independent 18 Jan. ii. 2/7 Nasser of Egypt was a secular ruler, as is Gaddafi of Libya, who continues violently to oppress Islamists. b. intransitive. To govern harshly; to tyrannize; to engage in oppression. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > oppress [verb (intransitive)] holec1175 thringc1175 domineer1591 tyrannizea1593 ingrate1600 oppress1611 magistrate1623 tyranny1650 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms x. 18 To judge the fatherless & the oppressed, that the man of the earth may no more oppress . View more context for this quotation a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. vii. 174 The police who oppressed in petty ways wherever they dared. †4. transitive. To rape, violate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > rape to do (a) shamec1275 afforcec1330 beforcec1375 misusea1382 oppressa1382 enforcec1386 ravisha1387 forcea1400 betravaila1425 trespass1427 supprisea1450 violatec1450 viole?c1450 stuprate?1526 devour1530 stupre1548 constuprate1550 rape1574 suppress1590 harry1591 constrain1594 abripe1623 obstuprate1658 spoil1678 to rip off1967 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xiii. 14 He wolde not assenten to þe preieris of hir, but more miyȝti by strengþis oppressede [L. oppressit] hir. a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 3 (MED) Hadde Thamar, Dauid is dowter, ben a fouȝl, leyth damesele, behap Amoun here broþur hadde here not oppressed. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 39 (MED) The abbote..was accusede..that he hade oppressede that woman. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 119 Be violence my Quene he wald opprest. 1613 J. Hayward Lives III Normans (Malh.) III. 157 If a man oppressed any woman, he was deprived of his privy parts. †5. a. transitive. To come upon unexpectedly; to take by surprise. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > surprise, astonish [verb (transitive)] > take by surprise oppressa1382 susprisea1400 swikec1400 supprisec1405 catchc1425 to take (a person) at advantage(s)1523 to take (also rarely catch, find) a person tardy1530 to take tarde1547 to take (a person) short1553 to catch (also take) (a person) nappinga1576 preoccupate1582 surprise?1592 overcomea1616 to take (or catch)‥unawaresa1616 to take at a surprise1691 to catch (also take) on the hop1868 to catch (a person) bending1910 wrong-foot1957 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xx. 13 Wile thou not looue slep, lest thee nedynesse opresse [L. opprimat]. a1555 N. Ridley Wks. (1841) 145 Woe be unto us, if he can oppress us at unawares. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 673 Hoping..to steale into the campe vndiscouered, and there so to oppresse Solyman sleeping in his tent. b. transitive. To attack, make war against; to persecute. Occasionally of a disaster or misfortune: to afflict. Obsolete.In some cases difficult to distinguish from sense 3a. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)] greetc893 overfallOE riseOE assail?c1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 onseekc1275 to set on ——c1290 infighta1300 saila1300 to go upon ——c1300 to turn one's handc1325 lashc1330 annoyc1380 impugnc1384 offendc1385 to fall on ——a1387 sault1387 affrayc1390 to set upon ——1390 to fall upon ——a1398 to lay at?a1400 semblea1400 assayc1400 havec1400 aset1413 oppressa1425 attachc1425 to set at ——c1430 fraya1440 fray1465 oppugn?a1475 sayc1475 envaye1477 pursue1488 envahisshe1489 assaulta1500 to lay to, untoa1500 requirea1500 enterprise?1510 invade1513 assemblec1515 expugn1530 to fare on1535 to fall into ——1550 mount1568 attack?1576 affront1579 invest1598 canvass1599 to take arms1604 attempt1605 to make force at, to, upon1607 salute1609 offence1614 strikea1616 to give a lift at1622 to get at ——1650 insult1697 to walk into ——1794 to go in at1812 to go for ——1838 to light on ——1842 strafe1915 the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict overharryeOE aileOE swencheOE besetOE traya1000 teenOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE derve?c1225 grieve1297 harrya1300 noyc1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 wrath14.. aggrievea1325 annoya1325 tribula1325 to hold wakenc1330 anguish1340 distrainc1374 wrap1380 strain1382 ermec1386 afflicta1393 cumbera1400 assayc1400 distressc1400 temptc1400 encumber1413 labour1437 infortune?a1439 stressa1450 trouble1489 arraya1500 constraina1500 attempt1525 misease1530 exercise1531 to hold or keep waking1533 try1539 to wring to the worse1542 pinch1548 affligec1550 trounce1551 oppress1555 inflict1566 overharl1570 strait1579 to make a martyr of1599 straiten1611 tribulatea1637 to put through the hoop(s)1919 snooter1923 a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judges (Corpus Oxf.) x. 12 Whether not the Egipciens, and Amorreis,..and Amalech, and Chanaan oppressiden [L. oppresserunt] ȝou? c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 8227 (MED) In her Ire..Cruelly þei her foon oppresse. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 115 (MED) The Scottes and the Pyctes..bete and oppressid this lande. a1500 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Stowe) 16108 (MED) Thamyral..ys Sathan..Foo to Adam and hys Lynage, For topresse hem with hys Raage. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. iv. f. 20^v Fewe of the inhabitantes..kepte theyr promyse, bycause they were sorer oppressed with famine then any of the other. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxxvij^v The fury of the Turkes, & the Heresie of Luther oppresse vs both at once. 1611 Bible (King James) Num. x. 9 If ye go to war in your land against the enemy that oppresseth you, then ye shall blow an alarm with the trumpets. View more context for this quotation 1648 S. Danforth Almanack 5 Those Birds of prey, who somtime have opprest And stain'd the Country with their filthy nest, Justice abhors. †6. transitive. To deprive (a person) of or from something by force. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) benimc890 to do of ——eOE bedealc1000 disturbc1230 bereavec1275 reave?a1300 acquitc1300 benemec1300 deprivec1330 privea1382 subvertc1384 oppressc1395 abridgea1400 to bate of, from1399 lessa1400 nakena1400 dischargea1425 privatec1425 to bring outa1450 abatec1450 sever?1507 spulyie?1507 denude1513 disable1529 distrain1530 destituec1540 destitutec1540 defalk1541 to turn out of ——1545 discomfit1548 wipe1549 nude1551 disannul?a1556 bereft1557 diminish1559 benoom1563 joint1573 uncase1583 rid1585 disarm1590 visitc1592 ease1600 dispatch1604 unfurnisha1616 rig1629 retrench1640 unbecomea1641 disentail1641 cashier1690 twin1722 mulct1748 fordo1764 to do out of ——1796 to cut out1815 bate1823 deprivate1832 devoid1878 c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1385 She..Chees rather for to dye than assente To been oppressed of hir maydenhede. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 1382 (MED) Sum man may disherite & oppresse A poore man from his possessioun. †7. transitive. To press or urge (a person). Also reflexive: to force or exert oneself. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] needeOE straita1340 pressa1393 afforcea1400 stressa1400 coactc1400 coarctc1400 strainc1400 compulse?a1475 cohert1475 oppress1523 compel1526 forcec1540 to tie to the stake1544 urge1576 adact1615 duressa1626 coerce1659 railroad1889 to twist the tail1895 steamroll1900 steamroller1912 shanghai1919 bulldozer1945 shotguna1961 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxxxv. 162 If I wolde sore oppresse you I am sure ye wolde gladly pay x. thousand crownes. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 3390 I shall appres me with pyne your prayer to here. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 9450 Oppresse the with payn, & present hym dethe. †8. transitive. To close, to shut up. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > stop up or render unreceptive steeka1400 oppress1583 1583 Ld. Burghley Execution of Iustice sig. Eiv Persons that haue..stopped their eares against the sounde of Justice, and oppressed their heartes against the force of reason. 9. transitive. Heraldry. = debruise v. 2. Cf. oppressed adj. 2. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > place charge on [verb (transitive)] > cover or surmount by ordinary charge debruise1572 oppress1869 1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry vi. 81 When an Ordinary surmounts, or is placed over, a Lion or other animal, it is said to be Debruised, or Oppressed, by that Ordinary. 1992 D. Williamson Debrett's Guide to Heraldry & Regalia 123/1 Debruised (oppressed), descriptive of any charge over which an ordinary or sub-ordinary is placed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1488v.c1380
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† oppressn.

oppressv.