单词 | oppose |
释义 | opposev. 1. a. transitive. To confront (a person) with hard questions or objections; to interrogate, question; to ask. Occasionally: to accuse. Cf. appose v.1 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > objection > object [verb (intransitive)] opposec1380 repugna1382 object?a1425 to stick at ——1525 quarrel1570 except1597 formalize1597 demur1639 the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > interrogation > question, interrogate [verb (transitive)] > question intensively apposec1315 opposec1380 demand1526 grate?1538 pump1611 sweat1764 probe1804 draw1854 grill1894 third-degree1928 to put through the wringer1942 c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 363 Almache the prefect..hem opposed and knew al hir entente. c1395 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 1597 And answere there by my procuratour To swich thyng as men wole opposen [v.rr. oposyn; pose] me. c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 56 (MED) He was callid yn of the preyste and opposid. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 14970 (MED) Oppose hem..What I am..And they wyl telle the. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 139 (MED) Guynebaude, the clerke..opposed hym of dyuerse thynges..And Merlyn hym ansuerde. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 647/1 I oppose one, I make a tryall of his lernyng, or I laye a thyng to his charge, je apose. 1570 T. Norton tr. A. Nowell Catechisme sig. Aiij The maister opposeth the scholar to see how he hath profited. 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue ii. 39 You seeme to oppose me farre, and the thing you demaund, will require a longer time. 1662 Forbes Baron Court Bk. in Publ. Sc. Hist. Soc. (1919) 2nd Ser. 19 234 The haill tenentis..about the maines vez convenit and oppossit vpon thair oath for carr meill. b. intransitive. To put objections or (esp. hard or searching) questions; spec. to put forward objections to a philosophical or theological thesis, esp. as a means of qualifying for a degree; = appose v.1 2. Cf. opponent n. 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > debate publicly [verb (intransitive)] > oppose a thesis opposea1393 course1660 oppugn1714 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. 1712 (MED) This king unto this maide opposeth, And axeth ferst what was hire name. 1583 A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion sig. Ff1v Let me oppose. Is it not reason that I shoulde oppose? Charke... I will..suffer you to oppose and make an argument in this matter. 1690 E. Gee Jesuit's Mem. 176 To the end that fit men may prepare themselves to oppose for the same [scholarships, fellowships, etc.]. 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 296 He was admitted to the reading of the Sentences, having a little before oppos'd in Divinity, in 1533. 2. transitive. To examine or audit (accounts or goods); = appose v.1 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > audit control1422 opposec1475 audit1557 appose1601 fit1653 adjust1676 c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 58 Suche parcelles of pourveyaunces..duly opposed in the countyng-house monethly. c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 61 To helpe oppose all the partycular accomptes of offycers. II. Senses relating to opposition or opponency. 3. a. transitive. To set (something) against or in opposition to; to place or position as an obstacle. Also: to put forward (a person) as an antagonist. Chiefly with to; also (now rare) with against. Cf. opposition n. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > set in opposition set1297 gain-set1435 matchc1440 oppone1463 to set upa1586 oppose1600 counterpone1629 antipose1631 antipathize1667 pit1754 antagonize1849 1481 tr. Cicero De Senectute (Caxton) sig. d8 Here..begynneth the fourth parte in the whiche duc Caton answerith..the thrid vituperacyon of defaute opposed to olde age. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 9 I doe oppose my patience to his furie. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. iv. 80 What, are my dores oppos'd against my passage? View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xl. 250 It is lawfull now for the Soveraign to punish any man that shall oppose his Private Spirit against the Laws. 1704 J. Swift Full Acct. Battel between Bks. in Tale of Tub 266 Nor could the Modern have avoided present Death, if he had not luckily opposed the Shield that had been given Him by Venus. 1790 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments (ed. 6) II. vii. §ii. i. 227 Having opposed to him a vigorous athlete, over whom..the victory was more glorious, and equally certain. 1803 G. Lake in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 395 The enemy opposed to us a tremendous fire from a numerous artillery. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. ix. 422 There was now no such unexceptionable rival to oppose to the Norman. 1916 J. Burroughs Under Apple-trees xiii. 250 The wind might have carried him away.., but he would at least have struggled and opposed his strength to it. 1965 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. I. ix. 312 Galvanic cells consist essentially of two redox couples opposed one against the other. 1988 P. A. Brunt Fall Rom. Republic 432 His enemy..opposed force to force, aided by ‘boni vin’. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > be contrary to [verb (transitive)] repugnc1450 oppose1605 contravenea1670 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Mm2v If it be admitted that Imagination hath power; and that Ceremonies fortifie Imagination,..yet I should hold them vnlawfull, as opposing to that first edict, which God gaue vnto man. View more context for this quotation 4. a. transitive. To contend, fight, or argue against; to be antagonistic or hostile to; to resist or obstruct (a thing, person, action, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] withgo743 to go again ——OE withsayc1175 again-goc1275 withsitc1300 thwarta1325 to go against ——a1382 counter1382 repugnc1384 adversea1393 craba1400 gainsaya1400 movec1400 overthwart?a1425 to put (also set) one's face againsta1425 traversea1425 contrairc1425 to take again ——c1425 contraryc1430 to take against ——a1450 opposec1485 again-seta1500 gain?a1500 oppone1500 transverse1532 to come up against1535 heave at1546 to be against1549 encounter1549 to set shoulder against1551 to fly in the face of1553 crossc1555 to cross with1590 countermand1592 forstand1599 opposit1600 thorter1608 obviate1609 disputea1616 obstrigillate1623 contradict1632 avert1635 to set one's hand against1635 top1641 militate1642 to come across ——1653 contrariate1656 to cross upon (or on)1661 shock1667 clash1685 rencounter1689 obtend1697 counteract1708 oppugnate1749 retroact?1761 controvert1782 react1795 to set against ——1859 appose- c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 125 It is bathe rycht, and honest..to oppos a man, and gaynsay all..violence vnlauchfully vsurpit. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. iv. 32 They shalbe wel oppos'd . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. vi. 20 With a Noble Fury..He did oppose his Foe. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 419 Awaiting who appeer'd To second, or oppose, or undertake The perilous attempt. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 12 There were..some Mad-caps..in the Council that opposed the granting of it. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 342 With these arms alone, it has often been found to oppose the dog, and even the Jaguar. 1823 F. Clissold Narr. Ascent Mont Blanc 21 After some hundred feet of ascent, we found ourselves opposed by a parapet of congealed snow. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 19 They opposed the idea of ascending further. 1884 A. R. Pennington Wiclif viii. 271 The study of the works of that holy man..led him..to oppose the meritoriousness of good works. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 498/1 The crown-prince was placed in command of the Saxon forces opposing the Prussian army. 1937 R. A. Dodge & M. J. Thompson Fluid Mech. vii. 127 The component opposing the motion is referred to as the drag. 1995 Sun (Baltimore) 21 Oct. b4/3 The assortment of gun lobbyists..opposed the bill. b. transitive (reflexive). To act or set oneself in opposition, antagonism, or resistance to or †against. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (reflexive)] opponea1522 lay1535 oppose1579 to breast oneself against (or to) something1810 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 305 What Lucifer is that, that wil oppose him selfe against the flatt commaundement of the holie ghost. 1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. f. 13v Opposing ȝour selfis to the hail ancient doctors. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iii. ii. 26 Thou art not ignorant How she opposes her against my will? View more context for this quotation 1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads i. 183 Others fear t'opose themselves to me. 1717 A. Pope Eloisa to Abelard in Wks. 431 Oppose thy self to heav'n; dispute my heart. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. i. 6 He opposed himself to the will of the people, who chose not that he should rule over them. 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. xiv. 107 You oppose yourself to the profit of the business..and me and my partners suffer. 1949 I. Deutscher Stalin 401 The Profintern (the International of the Red trade unions) had opposed itself to the so-called Amsterdam International. 1987 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 16 Sept. My nation which confronted the Nazis and opposed themselves to this invasion. 2001 Independent (Nexis) 8 June (Features section) 9 Grandmother was a very wise woman and never opposed herself to the ideas that we children had. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] to stop one's way1338 contraryc1380 again-laya1382 traversec1400 to make obstaclec1425 warc1460 thwart1519 oppugn1591 oppose1599 oppone1640 throwa1700 antagonize1707 1599 E. Sandys Europæ Speculum (1632) 41 To all such..as should oppose against his Soveraigntie. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 62 Or to take Armes against a sea of troubles, And by opposing, end them. View more context for this quotation 1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 77 Aske them againe, quoth he, why they oppose against vs in armes. 1640 W. Habington Hist. Edward IV 83 Warwicke opposed against their feare both with language and example. a1830 Tierney in Westm. Gaz. (1900) 22 Oct. 2/3 The duty of an Opposition is threefold: always to oppose, never to propose, and to turn out the Government. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] forwarnc893 warnc893 forbidOE forhightc1315 defendc1325 forfend1382 dischargec1450 prohibit?a1475 bidc1475 withsay1484 fenda1500 abara1504 prohibit1526 debara1529 forbodec1540 exempt1553 forspeak1565 disbar1567 forsay1579 enjoin1589 abjudicate1602 countermanda1616 forjudge1675 restrict1766 oppose1814 fen1823 embargo1824 nix1903 ixnay1937 1814 Ld. Byron Corsair ii. iv. 37 My stern vow and order's laws oppose To break or mingle bread with friends or foes. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)] > compete for to make strife1530 dispute1655 contest1726 opposea1822 to race off1897 a1822 P. B. Shelley tr. P. Calderon Scenes from Magico Prodigioso in Posthumous Poems (1824) 367 I Had so much arrogance as to oppose The chair of the most high Professorship, And obtained many votes. 5. a. transitive. To put forward, present, or consider by way of contrast or balance; to contrast; to set or hold in opposition to or †against. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > contrast > [verb (transitive)] oppone1574 oppose1579 contrapose1617 confront1649 counterpose1657 contrast1799 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 23 He thinketh Alphonsus good ynough to oppose against Erasmus. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 193 When the flesh is opposed and set against the spirite in man, wee vnderstand thereby, not the body only, but also the soule of man. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Invisible World (1659) ii. iii. 96 Opposing our present condition to the succeeding. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) at Problematical Belonging to a Problem, which is opposed to a Theoreme. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. ii. vii. 239 Supposition, and Possibility, when opposed to historical Evidence, prove nothing. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 139. ⁋6 The tragedy of Samson Agonistes has been..opposed with all the confidence of triumph to the dramatick performances of other nations. 1809 S. T. Coleridge Friend 7 Sept. 52 The Conscience..is already violated when to moral good or evil we oppose things possessing no moral interest. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 275 Memory and imagination, though we sometimes oppose them, are nearly allied. 1914 F. W. Chandler Aspects Mod. Drama i. 19 He [sc. Ibsen] opposes to the democratic ideal of society levelled down to uniformity, the individualistic ideal of a society levelled up to the great man. 1979 E. Newman Sunday Punch xiii. 109 Opposing the probity and sobriety of his black costume to the gangster black of Barbetta. 2001 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 31 May 281/4 The poet..opposes to these two claims not a third ideology of his own, but an image and emotion. b. transitive. as opposed to: as distinct from; in contrast with; rather than. ΚΠ 1653 G. Ashwell Fides Apostolica 20 Credenda, as opposed to the Agenda, or Practicalls of Christianity. 1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 41 Slape-ale: Lincoln. Plain ale as opposed to Ale medicated with Wormwood or Scurvy-grass, or mixed with any other liquor. 1769 W. Falconer Transl. Phrases & Terms in French Marine in Universal Dict. Marine sig. F3 Encastillé, deep-waisted, or frigate-built; as opposed to galley-built. 1798 Missionary Mag. No. 24. 217 Simplicity and godly sincerity, as opposed to fleshly wisdom, strongly marked his character. 1841 J. S. Mill Let. 1 Mar. in Wks. (1963) XIII. 466 Poetry κατ' ἐξοχήν or poet's poetry as opposed to everybody's poetry. 1881 H. James Portrait of Lady III. ii. 18 Unhappiness was a state of disease; it was suffering as opposed to action. 1921 A. Waley Nō Plays of Japan 21 The difficult term yūgen..means ‘what lies beneath the surface’; the subtle, as opposed to the obvious. 1988 A. Phillips Winnicott i. 9 It was maternal care..that made it possible for the infant self to be enriched, as opposed to overwhelmed, by instinctual experience. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)] > expose to danger, harm, etc. expose1474 object?1520 prefer?1541 expone1564 oppose1589 1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Pref. sig. **2v And count it a great peece of arte in an inkhorn man..to oppose his superiours to envie. a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iv. vi. 29 Was this a face To be oppos'd [1608 exposd] against the iarring windes? ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] i-bedea800 bidOE make?a1160 forthc1200 bihedec1275 proffera1325 yielda1382 dressc1384 to serve fortha1393 dight1393 pretend1398 nurnc1400 offerc1425 profita1450 tent1459 tend1475 exhibit1490 propine1512 presentc1515 oblate1548 pretence1548 defer?1551 to hold forth1560 prefer1567 delatea1575 to give forth1584 tender1587 oppose1598 to hold out1611 shore1787 1598 G. Chapman Blinde Begger of Alexandria sig. A3 Let his true picture through your land be sent. Opposing great rewardes to him that findes him. 8. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > opposite position > be opposite (something) [verb (transitive)] oppose1615 encounter1660 subtend1670 answer1789 vis-à-vis1839 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 160 The Frontispiece opposing the South, of an excellent Structure. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xxxiii. 75 They are so situate that each possesses a corner, and oppose one another in the manner of a quadrangle. a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury xxxv, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 306 He walked..From one side to the other of the road, And with his face opposed the steps he trod. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > opposite position > be opposite (something) [verb (transitive)] > place opposite object1533 opposea1616 confront1848 a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. ix. 44 Oppose thy stedfast gazing eyes to mine, See if thou canst out-face me with thy lookes. View more context for this quotation 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iv. i. 69 Her Grace sate downe..opposing freely The Beauty of her Person to the People. View more context for this quotation 1779 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad., 1778 19 If one figure opposes his front to the spectator. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 180 When two equal magnets oppose their contrary poles to each other. a1851 J. Baillie Constantine Paleologus i. ii. 239 I will oppose to them a fixed rock, Which they may beat against but cannot shake. c. transitive. To place (a digit, esp. the thumb) opposite to and touching another digit of the same hand or foot, so that the pads of the digits may be pressed together, or an object gripped. Also with to. ΚΠ 1802 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 92 351 The fifth toe is short, and, being opposed to the others, resembles a thumb. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 183/2 The hinder extremities [of the chimpanzee] are..marked by a thumb—a finger opposed to the other fingers. 1919 Jrnl. Washington Acad. Sci. 9 280 Marsupials took to tree-living habits at a somewhat earlier stage of development while the fourth digit was yet considerably longer than the others, and for that reason more directly opposed by the first digit. 1973 J. Bronowski Ascent of Man xiii. 417 We can oppose the thumb precisely to the forefinger, and that is a special human gesture. 1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) vi. i. 204/1 The metatarsal of the great toe shows that this digit could be opposed to the other digits, as is typical of non-human primates. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1380 |
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