onyxn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɒnɪks/, U.S.

/ˈɑnɪks/

Forms:

α. Middle English oneche, Middle English oniche, Middle English onyche.

β. Middle English–1600s onix, Middle English– onyx, 1600s onixe.

γ. late Middle English onys, 1500s onyz.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French onice, oniche, onyx, onix; Latin onych-, onyx.

Etymology: In α and γ forms < Anglo-Norman onice, oniche and Old French oniche, onice (12th cent.), Middle French onique (1360), onisse (1380) < classical Latin onych- , onyx (see below). In β forms < Anglo-Norman onyx and Old French onix (12th cent., in an isolated attestation; Middle French, French †onix (1534), onyx (1560) onyx stone, French onyx eye condition (1765)) and its etymon classical Latin onych-, onyx onyx stone, onyx marble < Hellenistic Greek ὀνυχ- , ὄνυξ onyx stone, an ingredient of incense (see onycha n.), in Byzantine Greek also an eye condition, specific sense developments of ancient Greek ὄνυξ nail, claw < the same Indo-European base as nail n. Ancient Greek ὄνυξ nail, claw, developed the sense ‘onyx stone’ from the resemblance in colour between the stone and a finger-nail. The α and γ forms represent the classical Latin oblique stem, onych- ; compare Italian onice (c1355; a1350 as onico ), Spanish ónice (1400 as onices , plural), Middle High German ōnichūs (German †Onich ), Swedish †onich (1541), all in sense ‘onyx stone’. The β forms represent the classical Latin nominative, onyx ; compare Italian †onix (a1300), Old Occitan onix (c1350), Spanish ónix (1400 as onix ), Dutch onyx (1566 as onix ), Middle High German ōnix (German Onyx ), Swedish onyx (1640; 1541 as onix ), all in sense ‘onyx stone’. Compare slightly earlier onycle n.With onyx stone (see sense A. 1) compare Middle French pierre de onix (1535), pierre d'onix (1546), pierre onix (1546), pierre d'onyx (1560), French pierre onyx (1769), Dutch onyxsteen , German †Onichstein , Onyxstein . With onyx marble (see Compounds 2) compare French marbre onyx (1877).

A. n.

1. A form of chalcedony consisting of plane layers of different colours, much used in jewellery. Also onyx stone.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > chalcedony > onyx

onychinusOE

onyclec1300

onyxc1330

onychinea1382

nychometc1450

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > cryptocrystalline quartz > chalcedony > onyx

onyclec1300

onyxc1330

onychinea1382

nychometc1450

c1330 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Auch.) (1966) 297 Of preciouse stone..Of oneches.

?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 92 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 147 Beril, onix, topasiune.

a1425 (c1384) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxviii. 13 Crisolitus and onix and berillus.

c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 280 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 137 Iape, crissolit, & onix fyne is, saphir of assay, & berial clere.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xxx. A Onix stones..& stones of dyuerse coloures.

1583 R. Greene Mamillia 15 The Onix is hottest when it lookes white.

1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Iob xxviii. 35 in Paraphr. Divine Poems The blew-ey'd Saphir, or rich Onix stone.

1679 B. Keach Glorious Lover i. i. 11 Pearl mixt with Onyx, and the Jasper Stone.

1739 T. Gray Let. 12 Apr. in Corr. (1971) I. 102 The glory of their collection, was a vase of an entire onyx, measuring at least five inches over, three deep, and of great thickness.

1785 A. Yearsley To Her Grace Duchess Dowager of Portland in Poems Several Occasions 98 Here the pale pearl; the lovely vivid green Of brilliant onyx, and the sapphire's blue.

1833 F. A. Butler Jrnl. 13 Jan. (1838) II. 116 Little pools, all curdled with ice, and locked up in deep, gravelly basins, looked like onyx stones set in gold.

1878 G. Barlow Genius of Solomon in Marriage Before Death 200 Endless wealth of radiant sapphire stones, Ruby and onyx, emerald.

1929 W. F. Foshag in G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky ii. iii. 187 The names of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph were engraved on stones, chiefly amethyst, onyx, and bloodstone.

1955 R. M. Pearl How to know Minerals & Rocks 152 Onyx is likewise banded, the layers being straight.

2001 Art Room Catal. Autumn 12/2 This elegant brooch..consists of silver set with marcasite and black onyx.

†2. = onycha n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > consumables > incense > [noun] > ingredient of

onychaa1382

onyx1611

1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xxiv. 15 I yeelded a pleasant odour like the best mirrhe, as Galbanum and Onix [1535 (Coverdale) Clowes], and sweet Storax [Gk. ὡς χαλβάνη καὶ ὄνυξ καὶ στακτή; L. quasi storax et galbanus et ungula, whence 1382–8 (Wycliffite) vngula] .

1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells 118 I, as the best Myrrh, a sweet odour gaue, Such as the Galbanum and Onix haue.

†3. Medicine. An opacity of the lower part of the cornea of the eye, caused by an infiltration of pus behind it or between its layers, and resembling the lunula of a fingernail. Also called hypopyon. Cf. unguis n. 1, ungula n. 2. Obsolete.The derivation mentioned in quot. 1799 appears to be erroneous.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > disorders of cornea

whitea1325

maculaa1400

pannusa1400

pannicle1543

onyx1706

carcinoma1722

nubecula1728

paralampsis1749

obfuscation1794

corneitis1854

photophthalmia1907

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Onyx... Also a Sore or gathering of Matter under the horny Coat of the Eye, the same as Hypopyon.

1799 R. Hooper Med. Dict. Onyx, an abscess, or collection of pus between the lamellæ of the cornea; so called from its resemblance to the stone called onyx.

1826 Lancet 24 June 392/1 An appearance..has been called onyx, or unguis, from its resemblance to the white mark seen at the root of the nails.

1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 494 One..had an onyx involving two-thirds of one cornea.

B. adj.

Possessing or characterized by the translucent, striated quality of onyx.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [adjective] > onyx

onychinea1382

onyxa1849

a1849 H. Coleridge On Infant's Hand in Poems (1851) 129 The pigmy thumb, the onyx nail, the violet vein so blue and pale.

1890 R. Kipling in Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 467/1 His big onyx eyes.

1912 W. B. Yeats in Poetry (Chicago) Dec. 67 All wisdom shut into his onyx eyes. Our Father Rosicross sleeps in his tomb.

1994 B. Hambley Crossroad i. 3 Green lights floated in the onyx abysses of the screen.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1574 R. Robinson Rewarde of Wickednesse sig. Q2 Epowdered were the Walles abroade, with stones of Onix kinde.

1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs Ded. sig. a2^v So among the Orient Prize, (Saphyr-Onyx Eulogies) Offer'd up unto your Fame: Take my Garnet-Dublet Name.

1774 N.Y. Gaz. & Weekly Mercury Jan. 24 89/1 A neat onyx top, bottom and sides of a snuff box.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 20 Her hands..lay on her folded black-clad arms like finely-cut onyx cameos.

1939 H. Miller Cosmological Eye x. 249 They lie behind the pasteboard street in the onyx-colored night and listen to the hamburgers sizzling.

1976 Star (Sheffield) 26 Nov. (advt.) 1973 Cortina GXL 2000 c.c., onyx green: £950.

2001 Art Room Catal. Autumn 20/1 An onyx tie stud adds the final detail.

C2.

onyx marble n. a stalagmitic variety of calcite having a banded structure like onyx; also called Mexican onyx, oriental alabaster.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > marble > with structure like onyx

onychite1651

onyx marble1862

stalagmite marble1895

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > marble > variegated

onychites1569

rance1605

onychite1651

brocatello1728

brocatelle1756

pavonazzetto1793

cipolin1798

pavonazzo1816

saveloy marble1839

Algerian onyx1856

onyx marble1862

1862 R. Hunt Handbk. Industr. Dept. Internat. Exhib. 1862 II. 457 The onyx marbles are the most important of the earthy minerals.

1918 Science 20 Dec. 613/2 The quantity produced in 1917 included a small proportion of serpentine..but no ‘onyx marble’.

1997 E. P. Benson Birds & Beasts of Lat. Amer. v. 62 The tecalli (onyx marble) of Latin America.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	onyx
释义	onyxn.adj. Brit. /ˈɒnɪks/, U.S. /ˈɑnɪks/ Forms: α. Middle English oneche, Middle English oniche, Middle English onyche. β. Middle English–1600s onix, Middle English– onyx, 1600s onixe. γ. late Middle English onys, 1500s onyz. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French onice, oniche, onyx, onix; Latin onych-, onyx. Etymology: In α and γ forms < Anglo-Norman onice, oniche and Old French oniche, onice (12th cent.), Middle French onique (1360), onisse (1380) < classical Latin onych- , onyx (see below). In β forms < Anglo-Norman onyx and Old French onix (12th cent., in an isolated attestation; Middle French, French †onix (1534), onyx (1560) onyx stone, French onyx eye condition (1765)) and its etymon classical Latin onych-, onyx onyx stone, onyx marble < Hellenistic Greek ὀνυχ- , ὄνυξ onyx stone, an ingredient of incense (see onycha n.), in Byzantine Greek also an eye condition, specific sense developments of ancient Greek ὄνυξ nail, claw < the same Indo-European base as nail n. Ancient Greek ὄνυξ nail, claw, developed the sense ‘onyx stone’ from the resemblance in colour between the stone and a finger-nail. The α and γ forms represent the classical Latin oblique stem, onych- ; compare Italian onice (c1355; a1350 as onico ), Spanish ónice (1400 as onices , plural), Middle High German ōnichūs (German †Onich ), Swedish †onich (1541), all in sense ‘onyx stone’. The β forms represent the classical Latin nominative, onyx ; compare Italian †onix (a1300), Old Occitan onix (c1350), Spanish ónix (1400 as onix ), Dutch onyx (1566 as onix ), Middle High German ōnix (German Onyx ), Swedish onyx (1640; 1541 as onix ), all in sense ‘onyx stone’. Compare slightly earlier onycle n.With onyx stone (see sense A. 1) compare Middle French pierre de onix (1535), pierre d'onix (1546), pierre onix (1546), pierre d'onyx (1560), French pierre onyx (1769), Dutch onyxsteen , German †Onichstein , Onyxstein . With onyx marble (see Compounds 2) compare French marbre onyx (1877). A. n. 1. A form of chalcedony consisting of plane layers of different colours, much used in jewellery. Also onyx stone. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun] > chalcedony > onyx onychinusOE onyclec1300 onyxc1330 onychinea1382 nychometc1450 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > cryptocrystalline quartz > chalcedony > onyx onyclec1300 onyxc1330 onychinea1382 nychometc1450 c1330 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Auch.) (1966) 297 Of preciouse stone..Of oneches. ?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 92 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 147 Beril, onix, topasiune. a1425 (c1384) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. xxviii. 13 Crisolitus and onix and berillus. c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 280 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 137 Iape, crissolit, & onix fyne is, saphir of assay, & berial clere. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xxx. A Onix stones..& stones of dyuerse coloures. 1583 R. Greene Mamillia 15 The Onix is hottest when it lookes white. 1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Iob xxviii. 35 in Paraphr. Divine Poems The blew-ey'd Saphir, or rich Onix stone. 1679 B. Keach Glorious Lover i. i. 11 Pearl mixt with Onyx, and the Jasper Stone. 1739 T. Gray Let. 12 Apr. in Corr. (1971) I. 102 The glory of their collection, was a vase of an entire onyx, measuring at least five inches over, three deep, and of great thickness. 1785 A. Yearsley To Her Grace Duchess Dowager of Portland in Poems Several Occasions 98 Here the pale pearl; the lovely vivid green Of brilliant onyx, and the sapphire's blue. 1833 F. A. Butler Jrnl. 13 Jan. (1838) II. 116 Little pools, all curdled with ice, and locked up in deep, gravelly basins, looked like onyx stones set in gold. 1878 G. Barlow Genius of Solomon in Marriage Before Death 200 Endless wealth of radiant sapphire stones, Ruby and onyx, emerald. 1929 W. F. Foshag in G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky ii. iii. 187 The names of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph were engraved on stones, chiefly amethyst, onyx, and bloodstone. 1955 R. M. Pearl How to know Minerals & Rocks 152 Onyx is likewise banded, the layers being straight. 2001 Art Room Catal. Autumn 12/2 This elegant brooch..consists of silver set with marcasite and black onyx. †2. = onycha n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > consumables > incense > [noun] > ingredient of onychaa1382 onyx1611 1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xxiv. 15 I yeelded a pleasant odour like the best mirrhe, as Galbanum and Onix [1535 (Coverdale) Clowes], and sweet Storax [Gk. ὡς χαλβάνη καὶ ὄνυξ καὶ στακτή; L. quasi storax et galbanus et ungula, whence 1382–8 (Wycliffite) vngula] . View more context for this quotation 1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells 118 I, as the best Myrrh, a sweet odour gaue, Such as the Galbanum and Onix haue. †3. Medicine. An opacity of the lower part of the cornea of the eye, caused by an infiltration of pus behind it or between its layers, and resembling the lunula of a fingernail. Also called hypopyon. Cf. unguis n. 1, ungula n. 2. Obsolete.The derivation mentioned in quot. 1799 appears to be erroneous. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > disorders of cornea whitea1325 maculaa1400 pannusa1400 pannicle1543 onyx1706 carcinoma1722 nubecula1728 paralampsis1749 obfuscation1794 corneitis1854 photophthalmia1907 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Onyx... Also a Sore or gathering of Matter under the horny Coat of the Eye, the same as Hypopyon. 1799 R. Hooper Med. Dict. Onyx, an abscess, or collection of pus between the lamellæ of the cornea; so called from its resemblance to the stone called onyx. 1826 Lancet 24 June 392/1 An appearance..has been called onyx, or unguis, from its resemblance to the white mark seen at the root of the nails. 1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 494 One..had an onyx involving two-thirds of one cornea. B. adj. Possessing or characterized by the translucent, striated quality of onyx. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [adjective] > onyx onychinea1382 onyxa1849 a1849 H. Coleridge On Infant's Hand in Poems (1851) 129 The pigmy thumb, the onyx nail, the violet vein so blue and pale. 1890 R. Kipling in Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 467/1 His big onyx eyes. 1912 W. B. Yeats in Poetry (Chicago) Dec. 67 All wisdom shut into his onyx eyes. Our Father Rosicross sleeps in his tomb. 1994 B. Hambley Crossroad i. 3 Green lights floated in the onyx abysses of the screen. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1574 R. Robinson Rewarde of Wickednesse sig. Q2 Epowdered were the Walles abroade, with stones of Onix kinde. 1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs Ded. sig. a2^v So among the Orient Prize, (Saphyr-Onyx Eulogies) Offer'd up unto your Fame: Take my Garnet-Dublet Name. 1774 N.Y. Gaz. & Weekly Mercury Jan. 24 89/1 A neat onyx top, bottom and sides of a snuff box. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. i. 20 Her hands..lay on her folded black-clad arms like finely-cut onyx cameos. 1939 H. Miller Cosmological Eye x. 249 They lie behind the pasteboard street in the onyx-colored night and listen to the hamburgers sizzling. 1976 Star (Sheffield) 26 Nov. (advt.) 1973 Cortina GXL 2000 c.c., onyx green: £950. 2001 Art Room Catal. Autumn 20/1 An onyx tie stud adds the final detail. C2. onyx marble n. a stalagmitic variety of calcite having a banded structure like onyx; also called Mexican onyx, oriental alabaster. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > marble > with structure like onyx onychite1651 onyx marble1862 stalagmite marble1895 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > marble > variegated onychites1569 rance1605 onychite1651 brocatello1728 brocatelle1756 pavonazzetto1793 cipolin1798 pavonazzo1816 saveloy marble1839 Algerian onyx1856 onyx marble1862 1862 R. Hunt Handbk. Industr. Dept. Internat. Exhib. 1862 II. 457 The onyx marbles are the most important of the earthy minerals. 1918 Science 20 Dec. 613/2 The quantity produced in 1917 included a small proportion of serpentine..but no ‘onyx marble’. 1997 E. P. Benson Birds & Beasts of Lat. Amer. v. 62 The tecalli (onyx marble) of Latin America. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.c1330
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