† ontendv.

Forms: Old English ontendan, early Middle English ontende, early Middle English ontentd (imperative singular, transmission error). Past tense Old English ontænde, Old English ontennde (rare), Old English–early Middle English ontende. Past participle Old English antend, Old English ontænd, Old English ontend, Old English ontended, early Middle English ontende, early Middle English ontendet.

Origin: Either (i) a word inherited from Germanic. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: and- prefix, tind v.

Etymology: Either cognate with or formed similarly to Gothic intandjan and perhaps also Middle High German (past participle, rare) enzant < the Germanic base of in- prefix¹ + the Germanic base of tind v. (compare α. forms at that entry), with prefix substitution in Old English (see discussion at on- prefix), or < and- prefix (compare β. forms at that entry) + tind v. Compare atend v.Compare Old High German inzunten , inzunden (Middle High German enzünden , German entzünden ), which shows a different ablaut grade of the base (see discussion at tind v.) and where the Old High German form perhaps shows in- prefix¹, although in the later forms the regular merger with ent- , en- , the reflex of the Germanic base of and- prefix, has been completed.

Obsolete.

transitive. To set fire to; to burn, scorch; (also) to kindle (fire). In extended use: to excite or inflame with spiritual ardour; to kindle (esp. the fire of love).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] > inflame (with) passion

annealeOE

ontendeOE

anheatOE

atend1006

tindc1175

firec1225

heat?c1225

inlowa1300

inflamea1340

eschaufec1374

flamec1380

kindlec1390

chafe1393

achafea1400

to set a firec1400

lighta1413

incense1435

scaldc1480

embrase1483

incend?1504

to set on fire?1526

enkindle1561

enfire1596

flush1633

boil1649

calenturea1657

infirea1661

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > kindle or set alight

annealeOE

ontendeOE

atend1006

alightOE

kindlec1175

tindc1175

lightc1225

lightenc1384

quickc1390

firea1393

to set (a) fire in, on, upon, of, now only toc1400

quickenc1425

accenda1475

enlumine1477

to light upa1500

to shoot (something) on firec1540

to give fire1562

incend1598

entine1612

betine1659

emblaze1743

to touch off1759

ignite1823

eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) Introd. xxvii. 36 Gif fyr sie ontended ryt to bærnanne, gebete þone æfwerdelsan se ðæt fyr ontent.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xvii. 314 Sume he ontendt to gitsunge.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 361 And ich [sc. Belial] hit am þet makede to ontenden ierusalem.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 205 Of þeos twa treon, ȝe schulen ontende [?c1225 Cleo. ontenden] fur of luue inwið ower heorte.

a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Lamb.) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 185 (MED) Ontend me wiþ þe blase of þi leitinde loue.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	ontend
释义	† ontendv. Forms: Old English ontendan, early Middle English ontende, early Middle English ontentd (imperative singular, transmission error). Past tense Old English ontænde, Old English ontennde (rare), Old English–early Middle English ontende. Past participle Old English antend, Old English ontænd, Old English ontend, Old English ontended, early Middle English ontende, early Middle English ontendet. Origin: Either (i) a word inherited from Germanic. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: and- prefix, tind v. Etymology: Either cognate with or formed similarly to Gothic intandjan and perhaps also Middle High German (past participle, rare) enzant < the Germanic base of in- prefix¹ + the Germanic base of tind v. (compare α. forms at that entry), with prefix substitution in Old English (see discussion at on- prefix), or < and- prefix (compare β. forms at that entry) + tind v. Compare atend v.Compare Old High German inzunten , inzunden (Middle High German enzünden , German entzünden ), which shows a different ablaut grade of the base (see discussion at tind v.) and where the Old High German form perhaps shows in- prefix¹, although in the later forms the regular merger with ent- , en- , the reflex of the Germanic base of and- prefix, has been completed. Obsolete. transitive. To set fire to; to burn, scorch; (also) to kindle (fire). In extended use: to excite or inflame with spiritual ardour; to kindle (esp. the fire of love). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] > inflame (with) passion annealeOE ontendeOE anheatOE atend1006 tindc1175 firec1225 heat?c1225 inlowa1300 inflamea1340 eschaufec1374 flamec1380 kindlec1390 chafe1393 achafea1400 to set a firec1400 lighta1413 incense1435 scaldc1480 embrase1483 incend?1504 to set on fire?1526 enkindle1561 enfire1596 flush1633 boil1649 calenturea1657 infirea1661 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > kindle or set alight annealeOE ontendeOE atend1006 alightOE kindlec1175 tindc1175 lightc1225 lightenc1384 quickc1390 firea1393 to set (a) fire in, on, upon, of, now only toc1400 quickenc1425 accenda1475 enlumine1477 to light upa1500 to shoot (something) on firec1540 to give fire1562 incend1598 entine1612 betine1659 emblaze1743 to touch off1759 ignite1823 eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) Introd. xxvii. 36 Gif fyr sie ontended ryt to bærnanne, gebete þone æfwerdelsan se ðæt fyr ontent. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xvii. 314 Sume he ontendt to gitsunge. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 361 And ich [sc. Belial] hit am þet makede to ontenden ierusalem. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 205 Of þeos twa treon, ȝe schulen ontende [?c1225 Cleo. ontenden] fur of luue inwið ower heorte. a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Lamb.) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 185 (MED) Ontend me wiþ þe blase of þi leitinde loue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < v.eOE
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