opisthotonosn.

Brit.

/ˌɒpᵻsˈθɒtənəs/, U.S.

/ˌɑpəsˈθɑdənəs/

Forms: 1500s opistetanos, 1500s– opisthotonos, 1600s opisthotones, 1700s opisthotonus, 1700s opisthotonoi (plural).

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin opisthotonus; Greek ὀπισθότονος.

Etymology: < classical Latin opisthotonus and its etymon ancient Greek ὀπισθότονος spasm in which the body is drawn back and stiffens < ὀπισθο- opistho- comb. form + τόνος stretching, tension (see tone n.). Compare Middle French, French opisthotonos (1562), Italian opistotono (1563). Compare emprosthotonos n. and episthotonos n.In form opistetanos remodelled after tetanus n. (see forms at that entry). In plural form opisthotonoi after the Greek plural form.

Medicine.

Sustained muscular spasm causing the body to arch backwards, as in severe tetanus, rabies, strychnine poisoning, etc.; an instance of this. Cf. emprosthotonos n., episthotonos n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > spasm or cramp > tetanus

tetanusa1398

shotec1440

opisthotonos1582

emprosthotonos1585

jaw-fallen1631

tetanism1681

trismus1684

locked jaw1754

lockjaw1768

pleurothotonos1783

seven day disease1789

orthotonos1869

pleurotonus1899

1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. xxv. f. 19, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe And if the body be drawen backewarde, it is called in Greeke Opisthotonos, in Laten Tensio ad posteriora.]

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum vii. xiii. 92 The third [kinde of Spasmos or cramp] is named Opisthotonos, & that is when the head is drawn backward, or the mouth is drawne towarde the eare.

1585 W. Bayley Disc. Mithridatium sig. D.6 It helpeth y^e diseases of the sineues, y^e resolution, y^e paulsye, the crampe, y^e diseases called Tetanos Ambrostotonos, and Opistetanos.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 258 The stifnesse of the Necke which they call Opisthotonos.

1678 J. Browne Compl. Disc. Wounds 65 Flatulencies also may create many species of a Spasm,..disturbing the Body in its entire Senses with an Opisthotonos.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Opisthotonus, a kind of Cramp or stretching of the Muscles of the Neck backwards.

1764 Philos. Trans. 1763 (Royal Soc.) 53 22 He describes both the Tetanos and Opisthotonos.

1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia II. 326 When these convulsive motions bend the body forwards, they are termed emprosthotonoi; when they bend it backward, they are termed opisthotonoi.

1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 213 A universal rigidity of the dorsal muscles..with a strong retraction of the head, assuming the marks of a true opisthotonos.

1860 H. Spencer Phys. Laughter in Ess. (1891) II. 460 The head is thrown back and the spine bent inwards; there is a slight degree of what medical men call opisthotonos.

1900 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 193 71 Each renewal of the blood stream, for a time, inhibited the opisthotonos produced by the lesion.

1938 Science 23 Dec. 598/2 The animal showed severe symptoms in the form of tonic and clonic convulsions with occasional opisthotonos.

1976 Lancet 6 Nov. 990/2 He developed dramatic neck stiffness with opisthotonos, lethargy, vomiting, and headache.

2001 Brain's Dis. Nerv. Syst. (ed. 11) xxxiv. 1132/2 The picture of hydrophobia, opisthotonos, convulsions, mania, and hyperexcitability is particularly distressing to relatives.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	opisthotonos
释义	opisthotonosn. Brit. /ˌɒpᵻsˈθɒtənəs/, U.S. /ˌɑpəsˈθɑdənəs/ Forms: 1500s opistetanos, 1500s– opisthotonos, 1600s opisthotones, 1700s opisthotonus, 1700s opisthotonoi (plural). Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin opisthotonus; Greek ὀπισθότονος. Etymology: < classical Latin opisthotonus and its etymon ancient Greek ὀπισθότονος spasm in which the body is drawn back and stiffens < ὀπισθο- opistho- comb. form + τόνος stretching, tension (see tone n.). Compare Middle French, French opisthotonos (1562), Italian opistotono (1563). Compare emprosthotonos n. and episthotonos n.In form opistetanos remodelled after tetanus n. (see forms at that entry). In plural form opisthotonoi after the Greek plural form. Medicine. Sustained muscular spasm causing the body to arch backwards, as in severe tetanus, rabies, strychnine poisoning, etc.; an instance of this. Cf. emprosthotonos n., episthotonos n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > spasm or cramp > tetanus tetanusa1398 shotec1440 opisthotonos1582 emprosthotonos1585 jaw-fallen1631 tetanism1681 trismus1684 locked jaw1754 lockjaw1768 pleurothotonos1783 seven day disease1789 orthotonos1869 pleurotonus1899 1566 T. Blundeville Order curing Horses Dis. xxv. f. 19, in Fower Offices Horsemanshippe And if the body be drawen backewarde, it is called in Greeke Opisthotonos, in Laten Tensio ad posteriora.] 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum vii. xiii. 92 The third [kinde of Spasmos or cramp] is named Opisthotonos, & that is when the head is drawn backward, or the mouth is drawne towarde the eare. 1585 W. Bayley Disc. Mithridatium sig. D.6 It helpeth y^e diseases of the sineues, y^e resolution, y^e paulsye, the crampe, y^e diseases called Tetanos Ambrostotonos, and Opistetanos. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 258 The stifnesse of the Necke which they call Opisthotonos. 1678 J. Browne Compl. Disc. Wounds 65 Flatulencies also may create many species of a Spasm,..disturbing the Body in its entire Senses with an Opisthotonos. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Opisthotonus, a kind of Cramp or stretching of the Muscles of the Neck backwards. 1764 Philos. Trans. 1763 (Royal Soc.) 53 22 He describes both the Tetanos and Opisthotonos. 1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia II. 326 When these convulsive motions bend the body forwards, they are termed emprosthotonoi; when they bend it backward, they are termed opisthotonoi. 1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 213 A universal rigidity of the dorsal muscles..with a strong retraction of the head, assuming the marks of a true opisthotonos. 1860 H. Spencer Phys. Laughter in Ess. (1891) II. 460 The head is thrown back and the spine bent inwards; there is a slight degree of what medical men call opisthotonos. 1900 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 193 71 Each renewal of the blood stream, for a time, inhibited the opisthotonos produced by the lesion. 1938 Science 23 Dec. 598/2 The animal showed severe symptoms in the form of tonic and clonic convulsions with occasional opisthotonos. 1976 Lancet 6 Nov. 990/2 He developed dramatic neck stiffness with opisthotonos, lethargy, vomiting, and headache. 2001 Brain's Dis. Nerv. Syst. (ed. 11) xxxiv. 1132/2 The picture of hydrophobia, opisthotonos, convulsions, mania, and hyperexcitability is particularly distressing to relatives. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1582
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