† onfangv.

Forms: see and- prefix and fang v.¹; also late Old English unfon.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch ontvaen , ontvangen (Dutch ontvangen ; compare also Middle Dutch aenvaen , aenvangen ), Old Saxon antfāhan (Middle Low German entfān , entvān ; compare also anfāhan ), Old High German intfāhan , infāhan (Middle High German enphāhen , entvāhen , emphāhen , German empfangen ) < the Germanic base of and- prefix (compare forms s.v.) + the Germanic base of fang v.¹In Old English only forms in (unstressed) on- are attested for the verb, but the corresponding agent noun is andfenga, ondfenga, with stressed and-, ond-.

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To receive, to accept.In Old English also with genitive or dative of object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > acquisition > receiving > receive [verb (transitive)] > accept

onfangeOE

fangOE

to take with ——lOE

takec1175

understandc1200

afangc1275

receivec1330

accepta1382

'lowa1382

except1393

to take up1570

to take a person up on (something)1807

to take up1810

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. lxvi. 298 Se þe þone stan on drince onfehð he hæfþ þe smeþran lichoman.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvii. 6 Ða soðlice þæra sacerda ealdras onfengon þæs seolfres.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. iii. 30 Claudius..mycelne dæl þæs landes on anweald onfeng.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1103 He ongean riht nolde his hades onfon æt þam arcebiscop Girarde of Eoferwic.

c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 166 Summe..ne sceolden deaþæs onfon ær þam þe heo seȝen hine sylfen on his rice cumende.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16571 Forr he ne mot nohht cristess flæsh. Ne cristess blod onnfanngenn.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 537 Nulle we noht þis on-fon.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xlvii. 8 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 179 (MED) We onfanged [v.rr. fonged; keppen; L. Suscepimus], god, þi merci In mid of þi kirke inwardeli.

b. intransitive. To interpret, understand. rare.Cf. the semantic development of receive v. 15.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)]

yknoweOE

acknowOE

anyeteOE

latchc1000

undernimc1000

understandc1000

underyetec1000

afindOE

knowOE

seeOE

onfangc1175

takec1175

underfindc1200

underfonga1300

undertakea1300

kenc1330

gripea1340

comprehend1340

comprendc1374

espyc1374

perceivea1387

to take for ——?1387

catcha1398

conceivea1398

intenda1400

overtakea1400

tenda1400

havec1405

henta1450

comprise1477

skilla1500

brook1548

apprend1567

compass1576

perstanda1577

endue1590

sound1592

engrasp1593

in1603

fathom1611

resent1614

receivea1616

to take up1617

apprehend1631

to take in1646

grasp1680

understumblec1681

forstand1682

savvy1686

overstand1699

uptake1726

nouse1779

twig1815

undercumstand1824

absorb1840

sense1844

undercumstumble1854

seize1855

intelligize1865

dig1935

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12106 Þatt birrþ uss lokenn hu mann birrþ. Onnfon & unnderrstanndenn.

2. transitive. To undertake, begin. Also: to attack (a person). Also intransitive.In Old English also with genitive or dative of object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)]

underfoc893

fandOE

onfangOE

undernimc1000

takec1175

to take tillc1175

to take toa1250

underfongc1330

undertakea1340

to take in (also on) handa1350

undertakec1385

attamec1386

to take in (also on) handc1390

embrace1393

emprisec1410

to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410

to go upon ——c1450

enterprise?1473

to set (one's) hand to1477

go?a1500

accept1524

assume1530

to hent in (also upon) handc1540

to swallow up1544

to take to task1546

to go into ——?1548

to set in hand1548

to fare about1563

entertain1569

undergo1606

to set about ——1611

to take up1660

to come at ——1901

OE Blickling Homilies 155 Hwylc swa gelyfeþ..þonne wile he onfon rihtre ondetnesse for Cristes naman.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8565 Ta þatt shulenn þanne onnfon. To lefenn upp o criste.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 10575 Mi-seolf ic wullen on-fon.

c1300 Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 855 Hii..cofliche vt wende, fusden to þan Frense and hii ȝam on-fenge.

3. transitive. To conceive (offspring).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > conception > conceive [verb (transitive)]

onfangOE

underfoa1100

afanglOE

understandc1200

underfonga1300

conceptionc1350

conceivea1400

concept1603

OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) l. 6 Þu wast þæt ic wæs mid unrihtwisnesse onfangen.

lOE Coming of Antichrist in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 67 Se nu eft on wurlde emne from swyðe facan innoðe onfangen byð, & fram swyðe besmitenan & of unclænan geboren.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) l. 6 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 183 In wickenesses onfanged am I.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	onfang
释义	† onfangv. Forms: see and- prefix and fang v.¹; also late Old English unfon. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch ontvaen , ontvangen (Dutch ontvangen ; compare also Middle Dutch aenvaen , aenvangen ), Old Saxon antfāhan (Middle Low German entfān , entvān ; compare also anfāhan ), Old High German intfāhan , infāhan (Middle High German enphāhen , entvāhen , emphāhen , German empfangen ) < the Germanic base of and- prefix (compare forms s.v.) + the Germanic base of fang v.¹In Old English only forms in (unstressed) on- are attested for the verb, but the corresponding agent noun is andfenga, ondfenga, with stressed and-, ond-. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To receive, to accept.In Old English also with genitive or dative of object. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > receiving > receive [verb (transitive)] > accept onfangeOE fangOE to take with ——lOE takec1175 understandc1200 afangc1275 receivec1330 accepta1382 'lowa1382 except1393 to take up1570 to take a person up on (something)1807 to take up1810 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. lxvi. 298 Se þe þone stan on drince onfehð he hæfþ þe smeþran lichoman. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvii. 6 Ða soðlice þæra sacerda ealdras onfengon þæs seolfres. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. iii. 30 Claudius..mycelne dæl þæs landes on anweald onfeng. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1103 He ongean riht nolde his hades onfon æt þam arcebiscop Girarde of Eoferwic. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 166 Summe..ne sceolden deaþæs onfon ær þam þe heo seȝen hine sylfen on his rice cumende. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16571 Forr he ne mot nohht cristess flæsh. Ne cristess blod onnfanngenn. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 537 Nulle we noht þis on-fon. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xlvii. 8 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 179 (MED) We onfanged [v.rr. fonged; keppen; L. Suscepimus], god, þi merci In mid of þi kirke inwardeli. b. intransitive. To interpret, understand. rare.Cf. the semantic development of receive v. 15. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (transitive)] yknoweOE acknowOE anyeteOE latchc1000 undernimc1000 understandc1000 underyetec1000 afindOE knowOE seeOE onfangc1175 takec1175 underfindc1200 underfonga1300 undertakea1300 kenc1330 gripea1340 comprehend1340 comprendc1374 espyc1374 perceivea1387 to take for ——?1387 catcha1398 conceivea1398 intenda1400 overtakea1400 tenda1400 havec1405 henta1450 comprise1477 skilla1500 brook1548 apprend1567 compass1576 perstanda1577 endue1590 sound1592 engrasp1593 in1603 fathom1611 resent1614 receivea1616 to take up1617 apprehend1631 to take in1646 grasp1680 understumblec1681 forstand1682 savvy1686 overstand1699 uptake1726 nouse1779 twig1815 undercumstand1824 absorb1840 sense1844 undercumstumble1854 seize1855 intelligize1865 dig1935 read1956 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12106 Þatt birrþ uss lokenn hu mann birrþ. Onnfon & unnderrstanndenn. 2. transitive. To undertake, begin. Also: to attack (a person). Also intransitive.In Old English also with genitive or dative of object. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] underfoc893 fandOE onfangOE undernimc1000 takec1175 to take tillc1175 to take toa1250 underfongc1330 undertakea1340 to take in (also on) handa1350 undertakec1385 attamec1386 to take in (also on) handc1390 embrace1393 emprisec1410 to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410 to go upon ——c1450 enterprise?1473 to set (one's) hand to1477 go?a1500 accept1524 assume1530 to hent in (also upon) handc1540 to swallow up1544 to take to task1546 to go into ——?1548 to set in hand1548 to fare about1563 entertain1569 undergo1606 to set about ——1611 to take up1660 to come at ——1901 OE Blickling Homilies 155 Hwylc swa gelyfeþ..þonne wile he onfon rihtre ondetnesse for Cristes naman. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8565 Ta þatt shulenn þanne onnfon. To lefenn upp o criste. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 10575 Mi-seolf ic wullen on-fon. c1300 Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 855 Hii..cofliche vt wende, fusden to þan Frense and hii ȝam on-fenge. 3. transitive. To conceive (offspring). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > conception > conceive [verb (transitive)] onfangOE underfoa1100 afanglOE understandc1200 underfonga1300 conceptionc1350 conceivea1400 concept1603 OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) l. 6 Þu wast þæt ic wæs mid unrihtwisnesse onfangen. lOE Coming of Antichrist in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 67 Se nu eft on wurlde emne from swyðe facan innoðe onfangen byð, & fram swyðe besmitenan & of unclænan geboren. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) l. 6 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 183 In wickenesses onfanged am I. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < v.eOE
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