单词 | bash |
释义 | bashn.1 1. A heavy blow that beats or smashes in a surface (originally Scottish). Now in gen. use, a heavy blow. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow smitea1200 ponder1339 clouta1400 whopc1440 routa1450 maul1481 sousec1500 dunta1522 flake1559 lambskin1573 lamback1592 daud1596 baster1600 mell1658 thumper1682 lounder1723 smash1725 plumper1756 spanker1772 douser1782 thud1787 bash1805 stave1819 batter1823 belter1823 wallop1823 whacker1823 belt1825 smasher1829 dingbat1843 dinger1845 oner1861 squeaker1877 clod1886 wham1923 dong1941 1805 J. Nicol Poems I. 36 (Jam.) An' gae her a desperate bash on The chafts. c1817 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches I. 17 (Jam.) Then, giving two or three bashes on the face, he left me. 1949 C. Fry Lady's not for Burning 86 If he wants to fight me, let him come out in the garden. Whatever happens I shall have one bash at him. 1959 Listener 8 Jan. 77/1 A weak, wan lad..escaped with no worse than a bash and a hang-over. 2. In various slang uses: (a) an attempt, esp. in to have a bash (at); (b) a good time; a spree; a party (see quot. 19481, Amer. Speech) U.S.; on the bash, on a drinking bout (apparently Scottish and New Zealand); also (examples are U.K.), soliciting as a prostitute (quots. 1936, 1959 at sense 1); (c) in Jazz, a ‘jam session’ (only U.S.?). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > [noun] > noisy or riotous revela1375 riotc1440 revel-rout1587 wassail1603 randan1640 rant1650 high-go1774 splore?a1786 gilravagea1796 spree1804 lark1811 spray1813 shindy1821 randy1825 randy-dandy1835 batter1839 flare-up1844 barney1850 jamboree1868 tear1869 whoop-up1876 beano1888 razzle1892 razzle-dazzle1893 bash1901 the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adverb] > on a drinking bout on (also upon) the spree1847 on a spree1847 on the booze1850 on the scoop1871 on the beer1887 on the bash1901 on a whizzer1910 on the piss1929 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > engaged in prostitution [phrase] upon the town1712 on (or upon) the loose1749 on the turf1860 on the game1898 on the bash1936 on the knock1969 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > [noun] > musical session session1927 jam1929 jam session1929 clambake1937 skiffle1946 bash1949 blow1962 open mike1978 the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] fanda1225 procurea1325 assay1370 workc1384 to put oneself in pressc1390 purchasec1400 buskc1450 study1483 fend15.. try1534 enterprise1547 to make an attempt?c1550 to give the venture1589 prove1612 nixuriate1623 to lay out1659 essay1715 to bring (also carry, drive, etc.) one's pigs to market1771 to have (or take or give) a crack1836 to make an out1843 to go to market1870 to give it a burl1917 to have a bash (at)1950 1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters xxi. 222 Let us go out and do a bash! 1919 J. Buchan Mr. Standfast viii. 167 Ye ken what a man's like when he's been on the bash. 1924 Kelso Chron. 12 Sept. 2/8 The village tailor..had an unfortunate weakness for getting terribly ‘on the bash’ perhaps twice a year. 1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid ii. 23 Most of the time she's on the bash round the flash bars. 1948 Amer. Speech 23 219 One could store or stash food for a big bash. This involved eating two or three days' rations at one time. 1948 D. Ballantyne in Landfall II. 111 He figured what he spent on beer weeknights would total no more than what most jokers spent on their Saturday bashes. 1948 E. Partridge et al. Dict. Forces' Slang 11 Have a bash at, to make an attempt. 1949 L. Feather Inside Be-bop vi. 42 One jazz concert promoter, who in previous years had presented nothing but Dixieland bashes. 1950 Home (U.S.) 2 Apr. 8 (Wentworth & Flexner) Some of these bashes were impromptu at 4 in the morning by trumpet players. 1950 C. MacInnes To Victors the Spoils I. 135 He's decided to have a bash at tightening up the discipline. 1957 J. Braine Room at Top xxiii. 192 I'll have a bash just the same. 1957 I. Murdoch Sandcastle iii. 38 Come on..have a bash. You can translate the first word anyway. 1959 Streetwalker iii. 58 From the hours you keep..I'd say you were on the bash. 1959 M. Shadbolt New Zealanders 156 Jack and I went on the bash every Saturday... Drink all day and pay a visit to the local house at night. 1959 Times 26 May 12/6 Tried some anti-rust oil? Worth a bash. 1961 A. Berkman Singers' Gloss. Show Business Jargon 7 Bash, a ball; party. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). bashn.2 British colloquial. An improvised or rudimentary shelter, esp. one built by a homeless person. Cf. basher n.3 ΚΠ 1990 Guardian 24 Mar. 24/8 Another man..left behind all his money and belongings when he fled to safety. ‘I lost my bash (home) and all my clothes,’ he said. 1992 Evening Standard 28 Sept. 4/1 (advt.) Matthew..has been living in a ‘bash’ for six months. His parents don't know where he is. 2019 Argus (Brighton) (Nexis) 17 Oct. A rough sleeper..is someone sleeping, bedded down or about to bed down in the open air... It also includes someone in a building or other place not designed for habitation such as a..makeshift shelter known as a ‘bash’. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † bashv.1 1. transitive. To destroy the confidence or self-possession of; to daunt, dismay, discomfit; to disconcert, put out of countenance, abash. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] awec1225 bashc1375 palla1393 argh1393 formengea1400 matea1400 boasta1522 quail1526 brag1551 appale1563 browbeat1581 adaw1590 overdare1590 dastard1593 strike1598 disdare1612 cowa1616 dare1619 daw1631 bounce1640 dastardize1645 intimidate1646 hector1664 out-hector1672 huff1674 bully1685 harass1788 bullyraga1790 major1829 haze1851 bullock1875 to push (someone) around1900 to put the frighteners in, on1958 psych1963 vibe1979 c1375 Morte Arth. (MS. c 1440) 2857 Bees noghte baiste of ȝone boyes, ne of þaire bryghte wedis! c1500 King & Hermit in M. M. Furrow Ten 15th-cent. Comic Poems (1985) 265 Thoff I be here in pore clothing, I ame no bayschyd for to bryng Gestys [MS ȝiftys] two or thre. 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. 201 He made Semblant, as nought him could dismay or bash. ?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 366 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 245 Because they bashed them at Berwick, that boldeth them the more. 2. intransitive. a. To be daunted or dismayed; to quail, lose confidence; to be confounded. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > lose heart or be dismayed [verb (intransitive)] mayc1380 bash1382 dismayc1390 darea1400 dreepc1430 discourage1524 quail1548 blank1642 despond1655 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Josh. ii. 11 Oure herte basshede, ne spiryt bood in us. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 376 He baldly hym bydeȝ, he bayst neuer þe helder. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxvii. l. 244 Grettere tempestes..where offen they bascheden. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 50 Alcander..strake out one of his eyes... Yet for all this Lycurgus neuer bashed. b. To be put out of countenance; to shrink back for shame, to be ashamed or abashed. Const. infinitive, at. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (intransitive)] > be abashed abash?c1400 basha1475 a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 161 With salt & wyne serue ye hym þe same, boldly, & not to basshe. a1555 J. Philpot Apol. spitting vpon Arrian sig. A7v, in Exam. J. Philpot (?1556) Their corrupt faces bashe not to denye the eternall sonne of God. 1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor 8 Like Diana when shee basht at Acteons presence. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 148 He bashed not to kisse him even in the open Theater. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 309 Bash not, but deigne (I pray) to be my Soveraigne Ladie deere. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bashv.2 1. To strike with a heavy blow that tends to beat or smash in the surface struck: a. transitive. Also to bash up (the edge or point of an instrument). ΘΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (transitive)] > strike heavily > so as to crush or damage stun1470 to bash up1790 cave1857 blooter1990 1790 A. Wilson Poems 57 Fir'd wi' indignance I turn'd round, An' basht wi' mony a fung The Pack, that day. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xi. 180 The callant has..bashed my neb as saft as pap. 1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 Apr. 2/2 A proposition to ‘smash’ or ‘bash’ in the tall hats aforesaid. b. reflexive (of a hen beating her wings in the dust.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [verb (reflexive)] > beat wings (of hen) basha1642 a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 116 The henne..will alsoe bashe her in the dust, and soe oftentimes crush them to death. c. absol. or intransitive (with at.) ΘΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (transitive)] > strike heavily cloutc1330 bunch1362 sousec1520 blad1524 dauda1572 bum1581 bump1611 bash1833 twat1974 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. xi. 357 The gun is loaded. The negro continued to bash at it with all his might. d. to bash up, to beat (someone) repeatedly; to thrash or batter. Cf. to beat up at beat v.1 Phrasal verbs. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person to-beatc893 threshOE bustc1225 to lay on or upon?c1225 berrya1250 to-bunea1250 touchc1330 arrayc1380 byfrapc1380 boxc1390 swinga1400 forbeatc1420 peal?a1425 routa1425 noddlea1450 forslinger1481 wipe1523 trima1529 baste1533 waulk1533 slip1535 peppera1550 bethwack1555 kembc1566 to beat (a person) black and blue1568 beswinge1568 paik1568 trounce1568 canvass1573 swaddle?1577 bebaste1582 besoop1589 bumfeage1589 dry-beat1589 feague1589 lamback1589 clapperclaw1590 thrash1593 belam1595 lam1595 beswaddle1598 bumfeagle1598 belabour1600 tew1600 flesh-baste1611 dust1612 feeze1612 mill1612 verberate1614 bethumpa1616 rebuke1619 bemaul1620 tabor1624 maula1627 batterfang1630 dry-baste1630 lambaste1637 thunder-thump1637 cullis1639 dry-banga1640 nuddle1640 sauce1651 feak1652 cotton1654 fustigate1656 brush1665 squab1668 raddle1677 to tan (a person's) hide1679 slam1691 bebump1694 to give (a person) his load1694 fag1699 towel1705 to kick a person's butt1741 fum1790 devel1807 bray1808 to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813 mug1818 to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821 welt1823 hidea1825 slate1825 targe1825 wallop1825 pounce1827 to lay into1838 flake1841 muzzle1843 paste1846 looder1850 frail1851 snake1859 fettle1863 to do over1866 jacket1875 to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877 to take apart1880 splatter1881 to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884 to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886 to do up1887 to —— (the) hell out of1887 to beat — bells out of a person1890 soak1892 to punch out1893 stoush1893 to work over1903 to beat up1907 to punch up1907 cream1929 shellac1930 to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931 duff1943 clobber1944 to fill in1948 to bash up1954 to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976 to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983 beast1990 becurry- fan- 1954 G. Willans How to be Topp iv. 48 Give him a helping hand and do not bash him up. 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren x. 195 ‘Hand it over—or else’,—‘I'll bash you up’ (the most usual suggestion). 1963 Daily Tel. 30 Aug. 19/3 Discussing intimidation, the lawyer says: ‘How would you advise a wretched statutory tenant who is threatened he will be “bashed up” by a rough-looking individual on the staircase one night?’ 1974 Age (Melbourne) 12 Oct. 12/2 I'll get Rourky to bash you up. I'll ask Colin O'Rourke to hit you in return for dosh. 2. The verb-stem is used adverbially with other verbs. Cf. bang v.1 8. ΘΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [adverb] > heavily thumpingly1693 slam1726 bash1833 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log xxiii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 156/2 A fine preserved pine-apple flew bash on Isaac Shingle's sharp snout. 3. In colloquial phrase to bash on, to persevere; to pursue a course of action regardless of difficulties, criticism, etc. (In quot. 1950 as attributive phrase.) ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > persevere or persist [verb (intransitive)] continuec1340 perseverec1380 stick1447 to rub on1469 to stick unto ——1529 persist1531 to make it tougha1549 whilea1617 subsist1632 to rub along1668 let the world rub1677 dog1692 wade1714 to stem one's course1826 to stick in1853 to hang on1860 to worry along1871 to stay the course1885 slug1943 to slug it out1943 to bash on1950 to soldier on1954 to keep on trucking1972 1950 Leader Mag. 4 Mar. 15/3 Even on a muddy, badly surfaced ground, the bash-on spirit of the riders and the keenness of the supporters is thrilling. 1965 R. Sheckley Game of X (1966) xxii. 155 I didn't like the sound of that; but..there was nothing to do but bash on. 1986 Financial Times 11 Aug. 4/6 Over charities, the Government ‘bashed on with something that would have turned charity tax law upside down,’ he said. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bashv.3 local. Categories » ‘To fill with rubbish the spaces from which the coal has been worked away’ (Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 1883). Derivatives ˈbashing n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > other specific mining processes > in coal-mining outstroke1747 holing1841 coal-cutting1842 patio1845 sumping1849 bottoming1856 salting1856 patio process1862 spragging1865 yardage1877 booming1880 brushing1883 filling1883 sounding1883 yard-work1883 blanketing1884 goafing1888 freezing process1889 power loading1901 bashing1905 rock dusting1915 mucking1918 solid stowing1929 stone-dusting1930 roof bolting1949 rock bolting1955 1905 Daily Chron. 26 June 6/5 A ‘bashing’—a barricade of coal and rubbish. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.11805n.21990v.1c1375v.2a1642v.31905 |
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