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单词 bash
释义

bashn.1

Etymology: < bash v.2; compare Swedish bas whipping, beating, Danish bask stripe, blow.
1. A heavy blow that beats or smashes in a surface (originally Scottish). Now in gen. use, a heavy blow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow
smitea1200
ponder1339
clouta1400
whopc1440
routa1450
maul1481
sousec1500
dunta1522
flake1559
lambskin1573
lamback1592
daud1596
baster1600
mell1658
thumper1682
lounder1723
smash1725
plumper1756
spanker1772
douser1782
thud1787
bash1805
stave1819
batter1823
belter1823
wallop1823
whacker1823
belt1825
smasher1829
dingbat1843
dinger1845
oner1861
squeaker1877
clod1886
wham1923
dong1941
1805 J. Nicol Poems I. 36 (Jam.) An' gae her a desperate bash on The chafts.
c1817 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches I. 17 (Jam.) Then, giving two or three bashes on the face, he left me.
1949 C. Fry Lady's not for Burning 86 If he wants to fight me, let him come out in the garden. Whatever happens I shall have one bash at him.
1959 Listener 8 Jan. 77/1 A weak, wan lad..escaped with no worse than a bash and a hang-over.
2. In various slang uses: (a) an attempt, esp. in to have a bash (at); (b) a good time; a spree; a party (see quot. 19481, Amer. Speech) U.S.; on the bash, on a drinking bout (apparently Scottish and New Zealand); also (examples are U.K.), soliciting as a prostitute (quots. 1936, 1959 at sense 1); (c) in Jazz, a ‘jam session’ (only U.S.?).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > [noun] > noisy or riotous
revela1375
riotc1440
revel-rout1587
wassail1603
randan1640
rant1650
high-go1774
splore?a1786
gilravagea1796
spree1804
lark1811
spray1813
shindy1821
randy1825
randy-dandy1835
batter1839
flare-up1844
barney1850
jamboree1868
tear1869
whoop-up1876
beano1888
razzle1892
razzle-dazzle1893
bash1901
the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adverb] > on a drinking bout
on (also upon) the spree1847
on a spree1847
on the booze1850
on the scoop1871
on the beer1887
on the bash1901
on a whizzer1910
on the piss1929
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > engaged in prostitution [phrase]
upon the town1712
on (or upon) the loose1749
on the turf1860
on the game1898
on the bash1936
on the knock1969
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > [noun] > musical session
session1927
jam1929
jam session1929
clambake1937
skiffle1946
bash1949
blow1962
open mike1978
the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)]
fanda1225
procurea1325
assay1370
workc1384
to put oneself in pressc1390
purchasec1400
buskc1450
study1483
fend15..
try1534
enterprise1547
to make an attempt?c1550
to give the venture1589
prove1612
nixuriate1623
to lay out1659
essay1715
to bring (also carry, drive, etc.) one's pigs to market1771
to have (or take or give) a crack1836
to make an out1843
to go to market1870
to give it a burl1917
to have a bash (at)1950
1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters xxi. 222 Let us go out and do a bash!
1919 J. Buchan Mr. Standfast viii. 167 Ye ken what a man's like when he's been on the bash.
1924 Kelso Chron. 12 Sept. 2/8 The village tailor..had an unfortunate weakness for getting terribly ‘on the bash’ perhaps twice a year.
1936 ‘J. Curtis’ Gilt Kid ii. 23 Most of the time she's on the bash round the flash bars.
1948 Amer. Speech 23 219 One could store or stash food for a big bash. This involved eating two or three days' rations at one time.
1948 D. Ballantyne in Landfall II. 111 He figured what he spent on beer weeknights would total no more than what most jokers spent on their Saturday bashes.
1948 E. Partridge et al. Dict. Forces' Slang 11 Have a bash at, to make an attempt.
1949 L. Feather Inside Be-bop vi. 42 One jazz concert promoter, who in previous years had presented nothing but Dixieland bashes.
1950 Home (U.S.) 2 Apr. 8 (Wentworth & Flexner) Some of these bashes were impromptu at 4 in the morning by trumpet players.
1950 C. MacInnes To Victors the Spoils I. 135 He's decided to have a bash at tightening up the discipline.
1957 J. Braine Room at Top xxiii. 192 I'll have a bash just the same.
1957 I. Murdoch Sandcastle iii. 38 Come on..have a bash. You can translate the first word anyway.
1959 Streetwalker iii. 58 From the hours you keep..I'd say you were on the bash.
1959 M. Shadbolt New Zealanders 156 Jack and I went on the bash every Saturday... Drink all day and pay a visit to the local house at night.
1959 Times 26 May 12/6 Tried some anti-rust oil? Worth a bash.
1961 A. Berkman Singers' Gloss. Show Business Jargon 7 Bash, a ball; party.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

bashn.2

Brit. /baʃ/, U.S. /bæʃ/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: basher n.3
Etymology: Shortened < basher n.3
British colloquial.
An improvised or rudimentary shelter, esp. one built by a homeless person. Cf. basher n.3
ΚΠ
1990 Guardian 24 Mar. 24/8 Another man..left behind all his money and belongings when he fled to safety. ‘I lost my bash (home) and all my clothes,’ he said.
1992 Evening Standard 28 Sept. 4/1 (advt.) Matthew..has been living in a ‘bash’ for six months. His parents don't know where he is.
2019 Argus (Brighton) (Nexis) 17 Oct. A rough sleeper..is someone sleeping, bedded down or about to bed down in the open air... It also includes someone in a building or other place not designed for habitation such as a..makeshift shelter known as a ‘bash’.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bashv.1

Forms: Middle English baise-n, bayse-n, Middle English–1500s basshe-n, Middle English basche, baysche, 1500s bashe, 1500s–1600s bash. northernMiddle English baise, 1500s base.
Etymology: Aphetic form of abash v.
1. transitive. To destroy the confidence or self-possession of; to daunt, dismay, discomfit; to disconcert, put out of countenance, abash.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)]
awec1225
bashc1375
palla1393
argh1393
formengea1400
matea1400
boasta1522
quail1526
brag1551
appale1563
browbeat1581
adaw1590
overdare1590
dastard1593
strike1598
disdare1612
cowa1616
dare1619
daw1631
bounce1640
dastardize1645
intimidate1646
hector1664
out-hector1672
huff1674
bully1685
harass1788
bullyraga1790
major1829
haze1851
bullock1875
to push (someone) around1900
to put the frighteners in, on1958
psych1963
vibe1979
c1375 Morte Arth. (MS. c 1440) 2857 Bees noghte baiste of ȝone boyes, ne of þaire bryghte wedis!
c1500 King & Hermit in M. M. Furrow Ten 15th-cent. Comic Poems (1985) 265 Thoff I be here in pore clothing, I ame no bayschyd for to bryng Gestys [MS ȝiftys] two or thre.
1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne v. 201 He made Semblant, as nought him could dismay or bash.
?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 366 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 245 Because they bashed them at Berwick, that boldeth them the more.
2. intransitive.
a. To be daunted or dismayed; to quail, lose confidence; to be confounded.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > lose heart or be dismayed [verb (intransitive)]
mayc1380
bash1382
dismayc1390
darea1400
dreepc1430
discourage1524
quail1548
blank1642
despond1655
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Josh. ii. 11 Oure herte basshede, ne spiryt bood in us.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 376 He baldly hym bydeȝ, he bayst neuer þe helder.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxxvii. l. 244 Grettere tempestes..where offen they bascheden.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 50 Alcander..strake out one of his eyes... Yet for all this Lycurgus neuer bashed.
b. To be put out of countenance; to shrink back for shame, to be ashamed or abashed. Const. infinitive, at.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (intransitive)] > be abashed
abash?c1400
basha1475
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 161 With salt & wyne serue ye hym þe same, boldly, & not to basshe.
a1555 J. Philpot Apol. spitting vpon Arrian sig. A7v, in Exam. J. Philpot (?1556) Their corrupt faces bashe not to denye the eternall sonne of God.
1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor 8 Like Diana when shee basht at Acteons presence.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 148 He bashed not to kisse him even in the open Theater.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 309 Bash not, but deigne (I pray) to be my Soveraigne Ladie deere.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bashv.2

Brit. /baʃ/, U.S. /bæʃ/
Etymology: Chiefly northern; perhaps < Scandinavian; compare Swedish basa to baste, whip, flog, lash, Danish baske to beat, strike, cudgel. But possibly onomatopoeic, with the b of beat, bang, and the termination of dash, gash, gnash, hash, lash, pash, smash, etc.
1. To strike with a heavy blow that tends to beat or smash in the surface struck:
a. transitive. Also to bash up (the edge or point of an instrument).
ΘΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (transitive)] > strike heavily > so as to crush or damage
stun1470
to bash up1790
cave1857
blooter1990
1790 A. Wilson Poems 57 Fir'd wi' indignance I turn'd round, An' basht wi' mony a fung The Pack, that day.
1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xi. 180 The callant has..bashed my neb as saft as pap.
1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 Apr. 2/2 A proposition to ‘smash’ or ‘bash’ in the tall hats aforesaid.
b. reflexive (of a hen beating her wings in the dust.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [verb (reflexive)] > beat wings (of hen)
basha1642
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 116 The henne..will alsoe bashe her in the dust, and soe oftentimes crush them to death.
c. absol. or intransitive (with at.)
ΘΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (transitive)] > strike heavily
cloutc1330
bunch1362
sousec1520
blad1524
dauda1572
bum1581
bump1611
bash1833
twat1974
1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. xi. 357 The gun is loaded. The negro continued to bash at it with all his might.
d. to bash up, to beat (someone) repeatedly; to thrash or batter. Cf. to beat up at beat v.1 Phrasal verbs. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person
to-beatc893
threshOE
bustc1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
berrya1250
to-bunea1250
touchc1330
arrayc1380
byfrapc1380
boxc1390
swinga1400
forbeatc1420
peal?a1425
routa1425
noddlea1450
forslinger1481
wipe1523
trima1529
baste1533
waulk1533
slip1535
peppera1550
bethwack1555
kembc1566
to beat (a person) black and blue1568
beswinge1568
paik1568
trounce1568
canvass1573
swaddle?1577
bebaste1582
besoop1589
bumfeage1589
dry-beat1589
feague1589
lamback1589
clapperclaw1590
thrash1593
belam1595
lam1595
beswaddle1598
bumfeagle1598
belabour1600
tew1600
flesh-baste1611
dust1612
feeze1612
mill1612
verberate1614
bethumpa1616
rebuke1619
bemaul1620
tabor1624
maula1627
batterfang1630
dry-baste1630
lambaste1637
thunder-thump1637
cullis1639
dry-banga1640
nuddle1640
sauce1651
feak1652
cotton1654
fustigate1656
brush1665
squab1668
raddle1677
to tan (a person's) hide1679
slam1691
bebump1694
to give (a person) his load1694
fag1699
towel1705
to kick a person's butt1741
fum1790
devel1807
bray1808
to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813
mug1818
to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821
welt1823
hidea1825
slate1825
targe1825
wallop1825
pounce1827
to lay into1838
flake1841
muzzle1843
paste1846
looder1850
frail1851
snake1859
fettle1863
to do over1866
jacket1875
to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877
to take apart1880
splatter1881
to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884
to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886
to do up1887
to —— (the) hell out of1887
to beat — bells out of a person1890
soak1892
to punch out1893
stoush1893
to work over1903
to beat up1907
to punch up1907
cream1929
shellac1930
to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931
duff1943
clobber1944
to fill in1948
to bash up1954
to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976
to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983
beast1990
becurry-
fan-
1954 G. Willans How to be Topp iv. 48 Give him a helping hand and do not bash him up.
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren x. 195 ‘Hand it over—or else’,—‘I'll bash you up’ (the most usual suggestion).
1963 Daily Tel. 30 Aug. 19/3 Discussing intimidation, the lawyer says: ‘How would you advise a wretched statutory tenant who is threatened he will be “bashed up” by a rough-looking individual on the staircase one night?’
1974 Age (Melbourne) 12 Oct. 12/2 I'll get Rourky to bash you up. I'll ask Colin O'Rourke to hit you in return for dosh.
2. The verb-stem is used adverbially with other verbs. Cf. bang v.1 8.
ΘΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [adverb] > heavily
thumpingly1693
slam1726
bash1833
1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log xxiii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Aug. 156/2 A fine preserved pine-apple flew bash on Isaac Shingle's sharp snout.
3. In colloquial phrase to bash on, to persevere; to pursue a course of action regardless of difficulties, criticism, etc. (In quot. 1950 as attributive phrase.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > persevere or persist [verb (intransitive)]
continuec1340
perseverec1380
stick1447
to rub on1469
to stick unto ——1529
persist1531
to make it tougha1549
whilea1617
subsist1632
to rub along1668
let the world rub1677
dog1692
wade1714
to stem one's course1826
to stick in1853
to hang on1860
to worry along1871
to stay the course1885
slug1943
to slug it out1943
to bash on1950
to soldier on1954
to keep on trucking1972
1950 Leader Mag. 4 Mar. 15/3 Even on a muddy, badly surfaced ground, the bash-on spirit of the riders and the keenness of the supporters is thrilling.
1965 R. Sheckley Game of X (1966) xxii. 155 I didn't like the sound of that; but..there was nothing to do but bash on.
1986 Financial Times 11 Aug. 4/6 Over charities, the Government ‘bashed on with something that would have turned charity tax law upside down,’ he said.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bashv.3

Brit. /baʃ/, U.S. /bæʃ/
Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: bash v.2
Etymology: Probably a specific use of bash v.2
local.
Categories »
‘To fill with rubbish the spaces from which the coal has been worked away’ (Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 1883).

Derivatives

ˈbashing n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > other specific mining processes > in coal-mining
outstroke1747
holing1841
coal-cutting1842
patio1845
sumping1849
bottoming1856
salting1856
patio process1862
spragging1865
yardage1877
booming1880
brushing1883
filling1883
sounding1883
yard-work1883
blanketing1884
goafing1888
freezing process1889
power loading1901
bashing1905
rock dusting1915
mucking1918
solid stowing1929
stone-dusting1930
roof bolting1949
rock bolting1955
1905 Daily Chron. 26 June 6/5 A ‘bashing’—a barricade of coal and rubbish.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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