out of workadv.adj.n.

Brit.

/ˌaʊtəvˈwəːk/, U.S.

/ˌaʊdə(v)ˈwərk/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: out of prep., work n.

Etymology: < out of prep. + work n. Compare in work at work n. Phrases 1b(a).

A. adv.

Having no occupation or work to do; not in work.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adverb]

out of work1482

out1608

on the buroo1969

1482 Ordinances of Carpenters 22 Nov. in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1915) II. 280 A nodir of hys bredir is owt of wark and has no wark to doo.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V i. ii. 114 All out of worke, and cold for action.

1776 S. Foote Bankrupt iii. 64 Mean time, what can we turn to; for we shall be quite out of work?

1827–8 J. F. Cooper Red Rover I. x. 158 Idle time, you would say; yes, yes; it has been his misfortune to be out of work a good deal latterly.

1864 J. O'Neil Diary 10 Apr. in J. Burnett Useful Toil (1974) i. 85 One half of the time I was out of work and the other I had to work as hard as ever I wrought in my life.

1887 Spectator 4 June 763/2 Afraid of being out of work.

1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier v. 88 The youth who leaves school at fourteen and gets a blind-alley job is out of work at twenty.

2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. (Money section) 4/1 After failed careers as a barrister and investment manager, Wheeler found himself approaching 40 and out of work.

B. adj.

Usually in form out-of-work. Of a person: unemployed, workless; (also) designating a payment, benefit, etc., for those who are unemployed.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective]

out of work1833

labourless1845

unemployed1854

out-of-employment1898

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed

servicelessc1450

unlabouredc1450

masterless1471

unwrought1550

unplaced1558

labourless1576

flag-fallen1609

unlabouring1619

disemployed1651

hireless1651

unengaged1654

unemployed1667

unworking1696

untoiling1748

workless1758

occupationless1822

placeless1828

out of work1833

non-working1841

unhired1852

jobless1862

out of (or in) collar1862

non-employed1876

spare1919

on the beach1923

in dry dock1927

off-the-job1950

on (also upon) the street(s)1980

unwaged1981

1833 B. Webster Paul Clifford; Highwayman 32 Scarlet Jem, a pressman out of work highwayman & tax collector.

1885 Marine Engineer Sept. 157/2 ‘Out-of-work benefit’ came to £57,000.

1891 G. Gissing New Grub St. III. xxvii. 80 One was a hunger-bitten, out-of-work clerk, evidently engaged in replying to advertisements.

1939 Polit. Sci. Q. 54 239 This movement was begun by labor..in various trade union out-of-work benefit schemes.

1955 M. Gilbert Sky High viii. 105 He was an out-of-work actor.

1995 Guardian 29 Sept. (Friday Review section) 21/3 The opening image here is of impoverished, out-of-work people passing the time on a desolate scrapheap.

C. n.

In form out-of-work. A person who is unemployed.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun]

vacant1602

outler1786

idleman1832

non-producer1840

unworker1843

non-worker1851

non-employed1876

out of work1883

out-of-worker1894

unemployed1900

unwaged1981

UB401983

1883 J. Greenwood Odd People 166 By this characteristic may the ‘workingman’..be known from..the..‘out-of-work’.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 1/1 To provide employment for the out-o'-works.

1906 Westm. Rev. Jan. 39 The unemployed of all classes, including the genuine out-of-works.

1939 ‘G. Orwell’ Coming up for Air ii. ix. 153 We'd suddenly changed from gentlemen..into miserable out-of-works whom nobody wanted.

1974 R. Butler Buffalo Hook v. 45 I'm just an out-of-work who wants to stay that way.

Derivatives

out-of-ˈworker n. rare

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun]

vacant1602

outler1786

idleman1832

non-producer1840

unworker1843

non-worker1851

non-employed1876

out of work1883

out-of-worker1894

unemployed1900

unwaged1981

UB401983

1894 A. Morrison Tales Mean Streets 48 The advent of a flush sailor.., disposed to treat out-o'-workers.

out-of-ˈworkness n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > unemployment

disemployment1651

unwork1854

worklessness1881

unemploy1887

unemployment1888

out-of-workness1903

joblessness1911

1903 ‘A. McNeill’ Egregious Eng. (ed. 3) v. 49 Out-of-workness is..the most fearful thing in life that can happen to an Englishman.

1940 P. Grainger Let. 26 Oct. in All-round Man (1994) 166 You middleclass folk have plunged the world into out-of-workness & slump.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	out of work
释义	out of workadv.adj.n. Brit. /ˌaʊtəvˈwəːk/, U.S. /ˌaʊdə(v)ˈwərk/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: out of prep., work n. Etymology: < out of prep. + work n. Compare in work at work n. Phrases 1b(a). A. adv. Having no occupation or work to do; not in work. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adverb] out of work1482 out1608 on the buroo1969 1482 Ordinances of Carpenters 22 Nov. in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1915) II. 280 A nodir of hys bredir is owt of wark and has no wark to doo. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V i. ii. 114 All out of worke, and cold for action. 1776 S. Foote Bankrupt iii. 64 Mean time, what can we turn to; for we shall be quite out of work? 1827–8 J. F. Cooper Red Rover I. x. 158 Idle time, you would say; yes, yes; it has been his misfortune to be out of work a good deal latterly. 1864 J. O'Neil Diary 10 Apr. in J. Burnett Useful Toil (1974) i. 85 One half of the time I was out of work and the other I had to work as hard as ever I wrought in my life. 1887 Spectator 4 June 763/2 Afraid of being out of work. 1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier v. 88 The youth who leaves school at fourteen and gets a blind-alley job is out of work at twenty. 2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. (Money section) 4/1 After failed careers as a barrister and investment manager, Wheeler found himself approaching 40 and out of work. B. adj. Usually in form out-of-work. Of a person: unemployed, workless; (also) designating a payment, benefit, etc., for those who are unemployed. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] out of work1833 labourless1845 unemployed1854 out-of-employment1898 society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed servicelessc1450 unlabouredc1450 masterless1471 unwrought1550 unplaced1558 labourless1576 flag-fallen1609 unlabouring1619 disemployed1651 hireless1651 unengaged1654 unemployed1667 unworking1696 untoiling1748 workless1758 occupationless1822 placeless1828 out of work1833 non-working1841 unhired1852 jobless1862 out of (or in) collar1862 non-employed1876 spare1919 on the beach1923 in dry dock1927 off-the-job1950 on (also upon) the street(s)1980 unwaged1981 1833 B. Webster Paul Clifford; Highwayman 32 Scarlet Jem, a pressman out of work highwayman & tax collector. 1885 Marine Engineer Sept. 157/2 ‘Out-of-work benefit’ came to £57,000. 1891 G. Gissing New Grub St. III. xxvii. 80 One was a hunger-bitten, out-of-work clerk, evidently engaged in replying to advertisements. 1939 Polit. Sci. Q. 54 239 This movement was begun by labor..in various trade union out-of-work benefit schemes. 1955 M. Gilbert Sky High viii. 105 He was an out-of-work actor. 1995 Guardian 29 Sept. (Friday Review section) 21/3 The opening image here is of impoverished, out-of-work people passing the time on a desolate scrapheap. C. n. In form out-of-work. A person who is unemployed. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun] vacant1602 outler1786 idleman1832 non-producer1840 unworker1843 non-worker1851 non-employed1876 out of work1883 out-of-worker1894 unemployed1900 unwaged1981 UB401983 1883 J. Greenwood Odd People 166 By this characteristic may the ‘workingman’..be known from..the..‘out-of-work’. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 1/1 To provide employment for the out-o'-works. 1906 Westm. Rev. Jan. 39 The unemployed of all classes, including the genuine out-of-works. 1939 ‘G. Orwell’ Coming up for Air ii. ix. 153 We'd suddenly changed from gentlemen..into miserable out-of-works whom nobody wanted. 1974 R. Butler Buffalo Hook v. 45 I'm just an out-of-work who wants to stay that way. Derivatives out-of-ˈworker n. rare ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun] vacant1602 outler1786 idleman1832 non-producer1840 unworker1843 non-worker1851 non-employed1876 out of work1883 out-of-worker1894 unemployed1900 unwaged1981 UB401983 1894 A. Morrison Tales Mean Streets 48 The advent of a flush sailor.., disposed to treat out-o'-workers. out-of-ˈworkness n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > unemployment disemployment1651 unwork1854 worklessness1881 unemploy1887 unemployment1888 out-of-workness1903 joblessness1911 1903 ‘A. McNeill’ Egregious Eng. (ed. 3) v. 49 Out-of-workness is..the most fearful thing in life that can happen to an Englishman. 1940 P. Grainger Let. 26 Oct. in All-round Man (1994) 166 You middleclass folk have plunged the world into out-of-workness & slump. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.adj.n.1482
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