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单词 out of work
释义

out of workadv.adj.n.

Brit. /ˌaʊtəvˈwəːk/, U.S. /ˌaʊdə(v)ˈwərk/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: out of prep., work n.
Etymology: < out of prep. + work n. Compare in work at work n. Phrases 1b(a).
A. adv.
Having no occupation or work to do; not in work.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adverb]
out of work1482
out1608
on the buroo1969
1482 Ordinances of Carpenters 22 Nov. in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1915) II. 280 A nodir of hys bredir is owt of wark and has no wark to doo.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V i. ii. 114 All out of worke, and cold for action.
1776 S. Foote Bankrupt iii. 64 Mean time, what can we turn to; for we shall be quite out of work?
1827–8 J. F. Cooper Red Rover I. x. 158 Idle time, you would say; yes, yes; it has been his misfortune to be out of work a good deal latterly.
1864 J. O'Neil Diary 10 Apr. in J. Burnett Useful Toil (1974) i. 85 One half of the time I was out of work and the other I had to work as hard as ever I wrought in my life.
1887 Spectator 4 June 763/2 Afraid of being out of work.
1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier v. 88 The youth who leaves school at fourteen and gets a blind-alley job is out of work at twenty.
2001 Financial Times 27 Jan. (Money section) 4/1 After failed careers as a barrister and investment manager, Wheeler found himself approaching 40 and out of work.
B. adj.
Usually in form out-of-work. Of a person: unemployed, workless; (also) designating a payment, benefit, etc., for those who are unemployed.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective]
out of work1833
labourless1845
unemployed1854
out-of-employment1898
society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adjective] > not working or unemployed
servicelessc1450
unlabouredc1450
masterless1471
unwrought1550
unplaced1558
labourless1576
flag-fallen1609
unlabouring1619
disemployed1651
hireless1651
unengaged1654
unemployed1667
unworking1696
untoiling1748
workless1758
occupationless1822
placeless1828
out of work1833
non-working1841
unhired1852
jobless1862
out of (or in) collar1862
non-employed1876
spare1919
on the beach1923
in dry dock1927
off-the-job1950
on (also upon) the street(s)1980
unwaged1981
1833 B. Webster Paul Clifford; Highwayman 32 Scarlet Jem, a pressman out of work highwayman & tax collector.
1885 Marine Engineer Sept. 157/2Out-of-work benefit’ came to £57,000.
1891 G. Gissing New Grub St. III. xxvii. 80 One was a hunger-bitten, out-of-work clerk, evidently engaged in replying to advertisements.
1939 Polit. Sci. Q. 54 239 This movement was begun by labor..in various trade union out-of-work benefit schemes.
1955 M. Gilbert Sky High viii. 105 He was an out-of-work actor.
1995 Guardian 29 Sept. (Friday Review section) 21/3 The opening image here is of impoverished, out-of-work people passing the time on a desolate scrapheap.
C. n.
In form out-of-work. A person who is unemployed.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun]
vacant1602
outler1786
idleman1832
non-producer1840
unworker1843
non-worker1851
non-employed1876
out of work1883
out-of-worker1894
unemployed1900
unwaged1981
UB401983
1883 J. Greenwood Odd People 166 By this characteristic may the ‘workingman’..be known from..the..‘out-of-work’.
1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 1/1 To provide employment for the out-o'-works.
1906 Westm. Rev. Jan. 39 The unemployed of all classes, including the genuine out-of-works.
1939 ‘G. Orwell’ Coming up for Air ii. ix. 153 We'd suddenly changed from gentlemen..into miserable out-of-works whom nobody wanted.
1974 R. Butler Buffalo Hook v. 45 I'm just an out-of-work who wants to stay that way.

Derivatives

out-of-ˈworker n. rare
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun]
vacant1602
outler1786
idleman1832
non-producer1840
unworker1843
non-worker1851
non-employed1876
out of work1883
out-of-worker1894
unemployed1900
unwaged1981
UB401983
1894 A. Morrison Tales Mean Streets 48 The advent of a flush sailor.., disposed to treat out-o'-workers.
out-of-ˈworkness n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > lack of work > [noun] > unemployment
disemployment1651
unwork1854
worklessness1881
unemploy1887
unemployment1888
out-of-workness1903
joblessness1911
1903 ‘A. McNeill’ Egregious Eng. (ed. 3) v. 49 Out-of-workness is..the most fearful thing in life that can happen to an Englishman.
1940 P. Grainger Let. 26 Oct. in All-round Man (1994) 166 You middleclass folk have plunged the world into out-of-workness & slump.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adv.adj.n.1482
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