Barbaryn.

/ˈbɑːbəri/

Forms: Middle English barberie, Middle English barbre, barbarie, barbarye, 1500s barbery, Middle English– barbary.

Etymology: I. < Old French barbarie, < Latin barbaria , barbariēs , ‘land of barbarians, barbarism,’ < barbarus barbarous adj. In II. ultimately < Arabic Barbar , Berber , applied by the Arab geographers from ancient times to the original inhabitants of North Africa, west and south of Egypt. According to some Arab lexicographers, of Arabic origin, < Arabic barbara ‘to talk noisily and confusedly’ (which is not derived < Greek βάρβαρος ); according to others, a foreign word, African, Egyptian, or perhaps < Greek. The actual relations (if any) of the Arabic and Greek words cannot be settled; but in European languages Barbaria , Barbarie , Barbary , have from the first been treated as identical with Latin barbaria , Byzantine Greek βαρβαρία land of barbarians: see sense 1.

I. Barbarous nationality, state, or speech.

†1. Foreign nationality; esp. non-Christian, i.e. Saracen or pagan nationality; heathenism. concrete. Non-Christian lands. Also attributive = Paynim. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [adjective]

heathenishc893

heathen971

misbelievedc1225

Barbarya1300

payenc1300

miscreantc1330

paynimc1330

uncircumcideda1382

uncircumciseda1400

gentilec1400

heathenly1415

paganismc1425

profanec1450

pagan1464

ethnical?a1475

payemec1480

miscredentc1500

heathenish1535

whorish1535

ethnic1542

ethnish1542

idolous1546

mammetrous1546

gentilish1550

idolatrous?1550

idololatrical1550

infidel1551

idolatrical1556

gentilical1573

paganical?1573

idolish1577

heatheny1580

irreligious1585

paganish1589

gentilic1603

idolaster1608

gentilitious1613

heathenous1613

idolatrizing1614

image-worshipping1621

misreligious1623

Mahounda1625

gentilizing1637

idololatrousa1641

infidelious1648

Baalitical1652

national1661

idolatric1669

paganic1676

gentilized1684

Baalish1690

idololatrica1711

infidelical1802

semi-fidel1834

Greekish1851

paganistic1853

unselect1882

goyish1888

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person > plural and collective

heathenessec900

heathenc1000

paynimc1275

Barbarya1300

Saracen1303

payenyc1330

nationsa1382

paynimryc1384

ginga1400

heathenheada1400

payemy?a1400

paynimy1481

paganyc1515

gentility1546

paganism1605

gentilisma1638

pagandom1691

heathendom1860

heathenrya1890

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > condition of

Barbarya1300

alienness1655

strangership1824

strangerhood1857

strangerdom1867

expatriatism1970

a1300 E.E. Psalter cxiv. 1 In oute-gate of Iraele, Oute of Egipt..Of the folke of barberie.

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 183 Allas, vnto the Barbre nacion I moste goon.

1432–50 tr. Higden (1865) I. 323 Wytlandia is..inhabite with peple of barbre worschippenge ydoles.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxviii. 263 His fame..come in to hethnes and barbarye.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. xv. 23 Hys hosyng schane of wark of barbary.

1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 39 Not in the Barbary onely of a barbarous World, but in the Greece also of a gracious Church.

†2. Barbarity, barbarism, barbarousness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [noun]

barbarousness1549

Barbary1564

barbarity1570

barbarism1584

incivility1584

uncivility1598

wildness1639

ferity1646

the (also a) state of nature1650

savagism1665

savagery1782

semi-barbarism1817

barbarization1822

incivilization1823

semibarbarianism1828

savagedom1844

barbarianism1854

uncivilizedness1879

uncivilization1880

bruteness1883

semi-savagedom1887

1564 T. Becon Flower Godly Prayers (1844) 42 Nothing but cruel barbary and lion-like fierceness.

a1571 J. Jewel Certaine Serm. (1583) sig. I.6^v Come to such ignorance, and barbarie.

1635 Skidmore in F. Lee Valid. Anglic. Ord. (1869) 84 Through tyrannical subjection and mere barbary of their inhabitants.

†3. Uncultivated speech, as opposed to a classical language or classic diction. Also attributive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > corrupt language

Barbary1509

Datism1617

jargon1643

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure 38 The langage rude..The barbary tongue.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure 48 Tolde wyth tongue of barbary, In rude maner.

1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iv. sig. G3 Their common talke is nothing but Barbery lattin.

II. as proper name.

a. The Saracen countries along the north coast of Africa. (The only surviving sense.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [noun] > North Africa > Saracen lands

Saracenéa1450

Barbary1600

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 267 From Lisbon, Barbary, and India.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall li Has justly settled as a local denomination (Barbary) along the northern coast of Africa.

1843 T. B. Macaulay Addison in Ess. (1874) 701 The Polity and Religion of Barbary.

b. attributive, esp. Barbary ape n., Barbary gum n., Barbary hen n., barbary horse n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > Barbary horse

barbarian1566

barbary horse1600

barba1610

Barbary1616

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [noun] > hen > types of

grig1589

Barbary hen1600

game hen1640

Light Sussex1902

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific

myrrheOE

balsamc1000

galbanec1000

draganta1300

sandragon1334

gum arabica1350

storaxa1382

galbanum1382

asafœtidaa1398

cinnabara1398

guttaa1398

frankincensea1400

labdanuma1400

opopanaxa1400

gum-arabicc1400

sarcocolc1400

ammoniacc1420

gristle?1537

ladanum1551

dragon's blood1555

benzoin1558

styrax1558

tragacanth1558

gum tragacanth1562

amber1565

anime1577

laser1578

benjamin1580

sarcocolla1584

bdellium1585

sagapenum1597

liquidambar1598

red gum1614

gamboge1615

laudanum1616

gum ammoniac1627

male incense1647

sandarac1655

flesh-glue1659

adragant1696

dammar1698

sagapen1712

gum-dragon1718

courbaril1753

gum-senegal1760

Jew's frankincense1760

guggul1813

angico1821

gum-kino1830

butea gum1832

piney varnish1832

Kuteera gum1838

acaroid1839

bumbo1839

thus1842

gum-juniper1844

piney dammar1846

acacine1855

mochras1856

talha1857

copalm balsam1858

gum benjamin1859

wattle-gum1863

Senegal gum1867

Suakin1874

Barbary gum1875

oliva1882

ledon1885

jatoba1890

mimosa gum1890

xylan1894

gum accroides1909

karaya1916

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 96 Heele not swagger with a Barbary hen .

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 289 Which the common people call Barbary horsses.

1611 G. Markham Countrey Contentm. i. v The Barbary Faulcon, the Merlin and the Hobby.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 193 They [sc. the Guinea-hen] are by some called the Barbary-hen.

1849 R. Browning Soliloquy Spanish Cloister in Poems II. 269 As 'twere a Barbary Corsair's.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 289 Barbary Gum, sometimes called Morocco gum, the product of the Acacia gummifera, imported from Tripoli, etc.

1885 N.E.D. at Barbary Mod. The only quadrumanous animal found in Europe is the Barbary Ape, of which a colony exists on the rock of Gibraltar.

c. Barbary partridge n. of North Africa, Alectoris barbara.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Alectoris

chukar1815

Barbary partridge1894

1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 696 The French Partridge has several congeners, all with red legs... In Africa north of the Atlas there is the Barbary Partridge.

d. elliptical. †A Barbary horse, a barb. Obsolete. Also, A kind of fancy pigeon. Cf. barb n.³

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > Barbary horse

barbarian1566

barbary horse1600

barba1610

Barbary1616

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > Barbary

barb1725

Barbary1834

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iv. i, in Wks. I. 567 Be seene o' your barbary often.

1653 J. Hall Paradoxes 145 That could outrun a Hart or a Barbary.

1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands I. 74 The principle ones [sc. pigeons] are..the Barbary, the Biset, the Carrier [etc].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	barbary
释义	Barbaryn. /ˈbɑːbəri/ Forms: Middle English barberie, Middle English barbre, barbarie, barbarye, 1500s barbery, Middle English– barbary. Etymology: I. < Old French barbarie, < Latin barbaria , barbariēs , ‘land of barbarians, barbarism,’ < barbarus barbarous adj. In II. ultimately < Arabic Barbar , Berber , applied by the Arab geographers from ancient times to the original inhabitants of North Africa, west and south of Egypt. According to some Arab lexicographers, of Arabic origin, < Arabic barbara ‘to talk noisily and confusedly’ (which is not derived < Greek βάρβαρος ); according to others, a foreign word, African, Egyptian, or perhaps < Greek. The actual relations (if any) of the Arabic and Greek words cannot be settled; but in European languages Barbaria , Barbarie , Barbary , have from the first been treated as identical with Latin barbaria , Byzantine Greek βαρβαρία land of barbarians: see sense 1. I. Barbarous nationality, state, or speech. †1. Foreign nationality; esp. non-Christian, i.e. Saracen or pagan nationality; heathenism. concrete. Non-Christian lands. Also attributive = Paynim. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [adjective] heathenishc893 heathen971 misbelievedc1225 Barbarya1300 payenc1300 miscreantc1330 paynimc1330 uncircumcideda1382 uncircumciseda1400 gentilec1400 heathenly1415 paganismc1425 profanec1450 pagan1464 ethnical?a1475 payemec1480 miscredentc1500 heathenish1535 whorish1535 ethnic1542 ethnish1542 idolous1546 mammetrous1546 gentilish1550 idolatrous?1550 idololatrical1550 infidel1551 idolatrical1556 gentilical1573 paganical?1573 idolish1577 heatheny1580 irreligious1585 paganish1589 gentilic1603 idolaster1608 gentilitious1613 heathenous1613 idolatrizing1614 image-worshipping1621 misreligious1623 Mahounda1625 gentilizing1637 idololatrousa1641 infidelious1648 Baalitical1652 national1661 idolatric1669 paganic1676 gentilized1684 Baalish1690 idololatrica1711 infidelical1802 semi-fidel1834 Greekish1851 paganistic1853 unselect1882 goyish1888 society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person > plural and collective heathenessec900 heathenc1000 paynimc1275 Barbarya1300 Saracen1303 payenyc1330 nationsa1382 paynimryc1384 ginga1400 heathenheada1400 payemy?a1400 paynimy1481 paganyc1515 gentility1546 paganism1605 gentilisma1638 pagandom1691 heathendom1860 heathenrya1890 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > condition of Barbarya1300 alienness1655 strangership1824 strangerhood1857 strangerdom1867 expatriatism1970 a1300 E.E. Psalter cxiv. 1 In oute-gate of Iraele, Oute of Egipt..Of the folke of barberie. c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 183 Allas, vnto the Barbre nacion I moste goon. 1432–50 tr. Higden (1865) I. 323 Wytlandia is..inhabite with peple of barbre worschippenge ydoles. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxviii. 263 His fame..come in to hethnes and barbarye. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. xv. 23 Hys hosyng schane of wark of barbary. 1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 39 Not in the Barbary onely of a barbarous World, but in the Greece also of a gracious Church. †2. Barbarity, barbarism, barbarousness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [noun] barbarousness1549 Barbary1564 barbarity1570 barbarism1584 incivility1584 uncivility1598 wildness1639 ferity1646 the (also a) state of nature1650 savagism1665 savagery1782 semi-barbarism1817 barbarization1822 incivilization1823 semibarbarianism1828 savagedom1844 barbarianism1854 uncivilizedness1879 uncivilization1880 bruteness1883 semi-savagedom1887 1564 T. Becon Flower Godly Prayers (1844) 42 Nothing but cruel barbary and lion-like fierceness. a1571 J. Jewel Certaine Serm. (1583) sig. I.6^v Come to such ignorance, and barbarie. 1635 Skidmore in F. Lee Valid. Anglic. Ord. (1869) 84 Through tyrannical subjection and mere barbary of their inhabitants. †3. Uncultivated speech, as opposed to a classical language or classic diction. Also attributive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > corrupt language Barbary1509 Datism1617 jargon1643 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure 38 The langage rude..The barbary tongue. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure 48 Tolde wyth tongue of barbary, In rude maner. 1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iv. sig. G3 Their common talke is nothing but Barbery lattin. II. as proper name. 4. a. The Saracen countries along the north coast of Africa. (The only surviving sense.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [noun] > North Africa > Saracen lands Saracenéa1450 Barbary1600 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 267 From Lisbon, Barbary, and India. View more context for this quotation 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall li Has justly settled as a local denomination (Barbary) along the northern coast of Africa. 1843 T. B. Macaulay Addison in Ess. (1874) 701 The Polity and Religion of Barbary. b. attributive, esp. Barbary ape n., Barbary gum n., Barbary hen n., barbary horse n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > Barbary horse barbarian1566 barbary horse1600 barba1610 Barbary1616 the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [noun] > hen > types of grig1589 Barbary hen1600 game hen1640 Light Sussex1902 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > gum (resin) > specific myrrheOE balsamc1000 galbanec1000 draganta1300 sandragon1334 gum arabica1350 storaxa1382 galbanum1382 asafœtidaa1398 cinnabara1398 guttaa1398 frankincensea1400 labdanuma1400 opopanaxa1400 gum-arabicc1400 sarcocolc1400 ammoniacc1420 gristle?1537 ladanum1551 dragon's blood1555 benzoin1558 styrax1558 tragacanth1558 gum tragacanth1562 amber1565 anime1577 laser1578 benjamin1580 sarcocolla1584 bdellium1585 sagapenum1597 liquidambar1598 red gum1614 gamboge1615 laudanum1616 gum ammoniac1627 male incense1647 sandarac1655 flesh-glue1659 adragant1696 dammar1698 sagapen1712 gum-dragon1718 courbaril1753 gum-senegal1760 Jew's frankincense1760 guggul1813 angico1821 gum-kino1830 butea gum1832 piney varnish1832 Kuteera gum1838 acaroid1839 bumbo1839 thus1842 gum-juniper1844 piney dammar1846 acacine1855 mochras1856 talha1857 copalm balsam1858 gum benjamin1859 wattle-gum1863 Senegal gum1867 Suakin1874 Barbary gum1875 oliva1882 ledon1885 jatoba1890 mimosa gum1890 xylan1894 gum accroides1909 karaya1916 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 96 Heele not swagger with a Barbary hen . View more context for this quotation 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 289 Which the common people call Barbary horsses. 1611 G. Markham Countrey Contentm. i. v The Barbary Faulcon, the Merlin and the Hobby. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 193 They [sc. the Guinea-hen] are by some called the Barbary-hen. 1849 R. Browning Soliloquy Spanish Cloister in Poems II. 269 As 'twere a Barbary Corsair's. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 289 Barbary Gum, sometimes called Morocco gum, the product of the Acacia gummifera, imported from Tripoli, etc. 1885 N.E.D. at Barbary Mod. The only quadrumanous animal found in Europe is the Barbary Ape, of which a colony exists on the rock of Gibraltar. c. Barbary partridge n. of North Africa, Alectoris barbara. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Alectoris chukar1815 Barbary partridge1894 1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 696 The French Partridge has several congeners, all with red legs... In Africa north of the Atlas there is the Barbary Partridge. d. elliptical. †A Barbary horse, a barb. Obsolete. Also, A kind of fancy pigeon. Cf. barb n.³ ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > Barbary horse barbarian1566 barbary horse1600 barba1610 Barbary1616 the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > Barbary barb1725 Barbary1834 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iv. i, in Wks. I. 567 Be seene o' your barbary often. View more context for this quotation 1653 J. Hall Paradoxes 145 That could outrun a Hart or a Barbary. 1834 R. Mudie Feathered Tribes Brit. Islands I. 74 The principle ones [sc. pigeons] are..the Barbary, the Biset, the Carrier [etc]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.a1300
随便看	well-governing well-government well-gowned well-graced well-grassed well-graveled well-gravelled well-greaved well-groomed well-groomedness well-ground well-grounded well-grown well-guarded well-guided well-guiding well-hained well-haired well-haled well-hallowed well-hammered well-handed well-handled well-hardened well-harnessed