Okien.¹adj.

Brit.

/ˈəʊki/, U.S.

/ˈoʊki/

Forms: 1900s– oakey, 1900s– oakie, 1900s– okie.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Oklahoma , -y suffix⁶.

Etymology: < Ok- (in the name of Oklahoma: see Oklahoma n.) + -y suffix⁶.

colloquial (chiefly U.S.). Frequently derogatory.

A native or inhabitant of Oklahoma, an Oklahoman; spec. one made homeless during the Great Depression and forced to seek employment elsewhere, esp. in California; a descendant of such a person. Hence (usually derogatory): any migrant worker from the South-west during the Great Depression; his or her descendants. Also as adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > farm worker > migrant

Okie1918

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > specific state > states

Marylander1640

Rhode Islander1665

Jerseyman1679

Pennsylvanian1685

Carolinian1705

Georgian1732

Marylandian1750

Jersey blue1758

Californian1762

Louisianian1775

Mississippian1775

Acadian1776

Vermonteer1778

Kentuckian1779

Vermontese1783

Indianian1784

Cohee1786

Kentuck1789

Virginian1797

Michiganian1813

Michigan1814

Tennessean1815

Ohioan1818

Illinoian1819

Ohian1819

Missourian1820

buckeye1823

Vermonter1825

Hoosier1826

red horse1833

sucker1833

wolverine1833

puke1834

corn-cracker1835

Texian1835

Alaskan1836

Texan1837

Michigander1838

Oregonian1838

Rackensack1839

Arkansian1844

badger1844

Bay Stater1845

Lone Star Stater1845

Oregonese1845

tar-boiler1845

weasel1845

web foot1845

Alabaman1846

Iowanc1848

Arkansan1851

Minnesotian1851

Washingtonian1852

Minnesotan1854

Nebraskan1854

Kansian1855

Utahan1855

Floridan1856

fly-up-the-creek1857

Dakotian1861

Coloradan1862

Coloradian1862

Texican1863

Coloradoan1864

tarheel1864

Cajun1868

Kansan1868

Montanian1869

Floridian1870

mudcat1872

New Jerseyan1872

Arkansawyer1874

longhorn1876

Mainer1879

New Jerseyite1885

prune picker1892

Hawaiian1893

Oklahoman1894

Tex1909

blue hen's chicken1921

Tejano1925

Geechee1926

Arkie1927

sooner1930

wyomingite1930

New Mexican1940

Okie1948

1918 P. Crowe Pat Crowe, Aviator 132 They call him ‘Oklahoma’, or ‘Oakey’ for short.

1938 Forum & Cent. Jan. 12 About a fifth of [the migratory workers in California] are Okies.

1939 J. Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath xviii. 280 Okie use' ta mean you was from Oklahoma. Now it means you're a dirty son-of-a-bitch.

1948 Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, Okla.) 11 July 21/5 Sooners have less reason to be offended at being called ‘Okies’ than residents of other states have for their nicknames.

1957 J. Kerouac On the Road ii. ix. 167 This was an Okie from Bakersfield, California.

1964 E. A. Nida Toward Sci. Translating viii. 180 Procházka..describes the problem of reproducing in Czech the Okie speech used by some of Steinbeck's characters.

1970 J. Hansen Fadeout (1972) viii. 67 I'm a dirty, ignorant Okie to him.

1975 New Society 19 June 705/1 Oklahoma got most attention, but migrants drifted from other places across the Great Plains and rural south... As time passed, nearly all migrants came to be called Okies once they had reached California.

1991 D. Lamb Stolen Season ii. 28 The people who walk the streets of Bakersfield and Stockton have the shuffling presence of second-generation Okies dealt a tough hand in life.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

okien.²

Brit.

/ˈəʊki/, U.S.

/ˈoʊki/, South African English

/ˈəʊki/

Forms: 1900s– oakie, 1900s– okie, 1900s– oukie.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: outjie n.

Etymology: Representing the pronunciation of outjie n.

South African colloquial.

= outjie n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun]

churla800

werec900

rinkeOE

wapmanc950

heOE

wyeOE

gomeOE

ledeOE

seggeOE

shalkOE

manOE

carmanlOE

mother bairnc1225

hemea1250

mother sona1250

hind1297

buck1303

mister mana1325

piecec1325

groomc1330

man of mouldc1330

hathela1350

sire1362

malea1382

fellowa1393

guestc1394

sergeant?a1400

tailarda1400

tulka1400

harlotc1405

mother's sona1470

frekea1475

her1488

masculinea1500

gentlemana1513

horse?a1513

mutton?a1513

merchant1549

child1551

dick1553

sorrya1555

knavea1556

dandiprat1556

cove1567

rat1571

manling1573

bird1575

stone-horse1580

loona1586

shaver1592

slave1592

copemate1593

tit1594

dog1597

hima1599

prick1598

dingle-dangle1605

jade1608

dildoa1616

Roger1631

Johnny1648

boy1651

cod1653

cully1676

son of a bitch1697

cull1698

feller1699

chap1704

buff1708

son of a gun1708

buffer1749

codger1750

Mr1753

he-man1758

fella1778

gilla1790

gloak1795

joker1811

gory1819

covey1821

chappie1822

Charley1825

hombre1832

brother-man1839

rooster1840

blokie1841

hoss1843

Joe1846

guy1847

plug1848

chal1851

rye1851

omee1859

bloke1861

guffin1862

gadgie1865

mug1865

kerel1873

stiff1882

snoozer1884

geezer1885

josser1886

dude1895

gazabo1896

jasper1896

prairie dog1897

sport1897

crow-eater1899

papa1903

gink1906

stud1909

scout1912

head1913

beezer1914

jeff1917

pisser1918

bimbo1919

bozo1920

gee1921

mush1936

rye mush1936

basher1942

okie1943

mugger1945

cat1946

ou1949

tess1952

oke1970

bra1974

muzhik1993

the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun]

knightc893

knapec1000

knaveOE

knape childc1175

knave-childa1225

groom?c1225

knight-bairnc1275

pagec1300

mana1382

swainc1386

knave-bairna1400

little mana1425

man-childa1438

boy1440

little boya1475

lad1535

boykin1540

tomboya1556

urchin1556

loonc1560

kinchin-co(ve)1567

big boy1572

dandiprat1582

pricket1582

boy child1584

callant1597

suck-egg1609

nacketc1618

custrel1668

hospital-boy1677

whelp1710

laddie1721

charity-boy1723

pam-child1760

chappie1822

bo1825

boyo1835

wagling1837

shirttail boy1840

boysie1846

umfaan1852

nipper1859

yob1859

fellow-my-lad?1860

laddo1870

chokra1875

shegetz1885

spalpeen1891

spadger1899

bug1900

boychick1921

sonny boy1928

sonny1939

okie1943

lightie1946

outjie1961

oke1970

1943 Weekend News & Sunday Mag. (Port Elizabeth) 20 Mar. in Dict. S. Afr. Eng. on Hist. Princ. (1996) (at cited word) Dats de wors orf er standard tree [= three] oakie taking de chair!

1970 G. Lord Marshmallow vii. 72 What about this Pepper okie?

1989 Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 11 June 4 ‘Where is Studio Four and are all these people auditioning for Focus?’ I asked the reception okie.

1990 D. Hofmeyr Red Kite in Pale Sky 72 Testing. Just testing okie. There's no fun in fighting with someone like you.

1992 J. Taylor Ag Pleez Deddy 5 It put me in touch with a new breed of young person, little oukies from Turffontein and the like who..said things like ‘Pawss Sir the breed. Would jew lark some jairm, Sir?’

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	okie
释义	Okien.¹adj. Brit. /ˈəʊki/, U.S. /ˈoʊki/ Forms: 1900s– oakey, 1900s– oakie, 1900s– okie. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Oklahoma , -y suffix⁶. Etymology: < Ok- (in the name of Oklahoma: see Oklahoma n.) + -y suffix⁶. colloquial (chiefly U.S.). Frequently derogatory. A native or inhabitant of Oklahoma, an Oklahoman; spec. one made homeless during the Great Depression and forced to seek employment elsewhere, esp. in California; a descendant of such a person. Hence (usually derogatory): any migrant worker from the South-west during the Great Depression; his or her descendants. Also as adj. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > farm worker > migrant Okie1918 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > specific state > states Marylander1640 Rhode Islander1665 Jerseyman1679 Pennsylvanian1685 Carolinian1705 Georgian1732 Marylandian1750 Jersey blue1758 Californian1762 Louisianian1775 Mississippian1775 Acadian1776 Vermonteer1778 Kentuckian1779 Vermontese1783 Indianian1784 Cohee1786 Kentuck1789 Virginian1797 Michiganian1813 Michigan1814 Tennessean1815 Ohioan1818 Illinoian1819 Ohian1819 Missourian1820 buckeye1823 Vermonter1825 Hoosier1826 red horse1833 sucker1833 wolverine1833 puke1834 corn-cracker1835 Texian1835 Alaskan1836 Texan1837 Michigander1838 Oregonian1838 Rackensack1839 Arkansian1844 badger1844 Bay Stater1845 Lone Star Stater1845 Oregonese1845 tar-boiler1845 weasel1845 web foot1845 Alabaman1846 Iowanc1848 Arkansan1851 Minnesotian1851 Washingtonian1852 Minnesotan1854 Nebraskan1854 Kansian1855 Utahan1855 Floridan1856 fly-up-the-creek1857 Dakotian1861 Coloradan1862 Coloradian1862 Texican1863 Coloradoan1864 tarheel1864 Cajun1868 Kansan1868 Montanian1869 Floridian1870 mudcat1872 New Jerseyan1872 Arkansawyer1874 longhorn1876 Mainer1879 New Jerseyite1885 prune picker1892 Hawaiian1893 Oklahoman1894 Tex1909 blue hen's chicken1921 Tejano1925 Geechee1926 Arkie1927 sooner1930 wyomingite1930 New Mexican1940 Okie1948 1918 P. Crowe Pat Crowe, Aviator 132 They call him ‘Oklahoma’, or ‘Oakey’ for short. 1938 Forum & Cent. Jan. 12 About a fifth of [the migratory workers in California] are Okies. 1939 J. Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath xviii. 280 Okie use' ta mean you was from Oklahoma. Now it means you're a dirty son-of-a-bitch. 1948 Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, Okla.) 11 July 21/5 Sooners have less reason to be offended at being called ‘Okies’ than residents of other states have for their nicknames. 1957 J. Kerouac On the Road ii. ix. 167 This was an Okie from Bakersfield, California. 1964 E. A. Nida Toward Sci. Translating viii. 180 Procházka..describes the problem of reproducing in Czech the Okie speech used by some of Steinbeck's characters. 1970 J. Hansen Fadeout (1972) viii. 67 I'm a dirty, ignorant Okie to him. 1975 New Society 19 June 705/1 Oklahoma got most attention, but migrants drifted from other places across the Great Plains and rural south... As time passed, nearly all migrants came to be called Okies once they had reached California. 1991 D. Lamb Stolen Season ii. 28 The people who walk the streets of Bakersfield and Stockton have the shuffling presence of second-generation Okies dealt a tough hand in life. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). okien.² Brit. /ˈəʊki/, U.S. /ˈoʊki/, South African English /ˈəʊki/ Forms: 1900s– oakie, 1900s– okie, 1900s– oukie. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: outjie n. Etymology: Representing the pronunciation of outjie n. South African colloquial. = outjie n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] churla800 werec900 rinkeOE wapmanc950 heOE wyeOE gomeOE ledeOE seggeOE shalkOE manOE carmanlOE mother bairnc1225 hemea1250 mother sona1250 hind1297 buck1303 mister mana1325 piecec1325 groomc1330 man of mouldc1330 hathela1350 sire1362 malea1382 fellowa1393 guestc1394 sergeant?a1400 tailarda1400 tulka1400 harlotc1405 mother's sona1470 frekea1475 her1488 masculinea1500 gentlemana1513 horse?a1513 mutton?a1513 merchant1549 child1551 dick1553 sorrya1555 knavea1556 dandiprat1556 cove1567 rat1571 manling1573 bird1575 stone-horse1580 loona1586 shaver1592 slave1592 copemate1593 tit1594 dog1597 hima1599 prick1598 dingle-dangle1605 jade1608 dildoa1616 Roger1631 Johnny1648 boy1651 cod1653 cully1676 son of a bitch1697 cull1698 feller1699 chap1704 buff1708 son of a gun1708 buffer1749 codger1750 Mr1753 he-man1758 fella1778 gilla1790 gloak1795 joker1811 gory1819 covey1821 chappie1822 Charley1825 hombre1832 brother-man1839 rooster1840 blokie1841 hoss1843 Joe1846 guy1847 plug1848 chal1851 rye1851 omee1859 bloke1861 guffin1862 gadgie1865 mug1865 kerel1873 stiff1882 snoozer1884 geezer1885 josser1886 dude1895 gazabo1896 jasper1896 prairie dog1897 sport1897 crow-eater1899 papa1903 gink1906 stud1909 scout1912 head1913 beezer1914 jeff1917 pisser1918 bimbo1919 bozo1920 gee1921 mush1936 rye mush1936 basher1942 okie1943 mugger1945 cat1946 ou1949 tess1952 oke1970 bra1974 muzhik1993 the world > people > person > child > boy > [noun] knightc893 knapec1000 knaveOE knape childc1175 knave-childa1225 groom?c1225 knight-bairnc1275 pagec1300 mana1382 swainc1386 knave-bairna1400 little mana1425 man-childa1438 boy1440 little boya1475 lad1535 boykin1540 tomboya1556 urchin1556 loonc1560 kinchin-co(ve)1567 big boy1572 dandiprat1582 pricket1582 boy child1584 callant1597 suck-egg1609 nacketc1618 custrel1668 hospital-boy1677 whelp1710 laddie1721 charity-boy1723 pam-child1760 chappie1822 bo1825 boyo1835 wagling1837 shirttail boy1840 boysie1846 umfaan1852 nipper1859 yob1859 fellow-my-lad?1860 laddo1870 chokra1875 shegetz1885 spalpeen1891 spadger1899 bug1900 boychick1921 sonny boy1928 sonny1939 okie1943 lightie1946 outjie1961 oke1970 1943 Weekend News & Sunday Mag. (Port Elizabeth) 20 Mar. in Dict. S. Afr. Eng. on Hist. Princ. (1996) (at cited word) Dats de wors orf er standard tree [= three] oakie taking de chair! 1970 G. Lord Marshmallow vii. 72 What about this Pepper okie? 1989 Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 11 June 4 ‘Where is Studio Four and are all these people auditioning for Focus?’ I asked the reception okie. 1990 D. Hofmeyr Red Kite in Pale Sky 72 Testing. Just testing okie. There's no fun in fighting with someone like you. 1992 J. Taylor Ag Pleez Deddy 5 It put me in touch with a new breed of young person, little oukies from Turffontein and the like who..said things like ‘Pawss Sir the breed. Would jew lark some jairm, Sir?’ This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹adj.1918n.²1943
随便看	over-dryness over-dubbed over-dull over-dulled over-dunged over-dure over-dust over-eagerness over-early over-earnest over-earnestly over-earnestness over-easily over-easiness over-edit over-edited over-editing over-educate over-educated over-educatedness over-effort over-egg over-elaborate over-elaboration over-elegancy

Okien.1adj.

okien.2

Okien.¹adj.

okien.²