† olfendn.

Forms: Old English olbend, Old English olbenda, Old English olfenda, Old English olfent, Old English olfynd, Old English–early Middle English olfend, Old English–early Middle English oluend, Old English–early Middle English oluende, early Middle English ollfennt ( Ormulum), early Middle English oluente, early Middle English oluont.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon olbundeo , oluundeo , Old High German olbant , olbenta , olbento (Middle High German olbende , olbente , olpent , olbande , olvent , etc.), Old Icelandic ulfaldi , úlfaldi (Icelandic úlfaldi ), Gothic ulbandus , further etymology uncertain and disputed. Compare elp n.The word was borrowed from a Germanic language into Slavonic (probably in the Common Slavonic period): compare Old Church Slavonic velĭbǫdŭ (also as velĭbludŭ , with epenthetic l , probably by folk etymology, perhaps < velii great + bludŭ wandering), Old Russian vel′bud″ (also as vel′blud″ , ver′bud″ , verbjud″ , verblud″ , ver′bljud″ ; Russian verbljud ), Czech velbloud , Polish wielbłąd (earlier also as wielbrąd ), and also Lithuanian velbliūdas (also as verbliudas , verblūdas ; < an East Slavonic language), all in the sense ‘camel’. The Germanic base may ultimately have been borrowed < classical Latin elefantus (2nd declension; also as 3rd declension elefant- , elefāns ) or its etymon ancient Greek ἐλεϕαντ- , ἐλέϕας elephant n.: see further discussion s.v. oliphant n. The change in meaning (from ‘elephant’ to ‘camel’) might be accounted for by the unfamiliarity of northern Europeans with either animal; compare Old Czech velblúd elephant, camel, Old Prussian weloblundis mule ( < Old Polish wielbłąd camel, in the 15th cent. also attested with the meaning ‘elephant’). An alternative explanation for the similarity of the Germanic and ancient Greek words is that they are parallel reflexes of a common Indo-European base, although this has not gained wide acceptance. The Germanic base of this word was perhaps remodelled after a Germanic suffix seen in other animal names (e.g. Old English wesend , Old High German wisant (see bison n. and Germanic forms cited s.v.), Old English þrōwend scorpion, etc.). In Old English both strong and weak masculine forms (e.g. respectively olfend, olfenda) are attested; so also in Old and Middle High German.

Obsolete.

A camel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > family Camelidae (camel) > [noun]

olfendeOE

camelc950

oont1815

ship of the desert1823

desert-ship1824

cameloid1888

humpy1934

eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 44/2 Dromidus, afyred olbenda.

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lvii. 439 Be ðæm wæs gecweden on ðæm godspelle to Fariseum ðæt hi wiðbleowen ðære fleogan, & forswulgun ðone olfend.

OE Blickling Homilies 169 Se þe mid þon anum hrægle wæs gegyrwed þe of olfenda hærum awunden wæs.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 4 Se iohannes witodlice hæfde reaf of oluenda [OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. olfenda, c1200 Hatton oluende] hærum.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9223 Hiss claþ wass off ollfenntess hær.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 127 Stark haire of oluente his wede.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 195 Seuen þusend shep, and þrie þusend oluontes.

c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 543 Camelus, olfend.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	olfend
释义	† olfendn. Forms: Old English olbend, Old English olbenda, Old English olfenda, Old English olfent, Old English olfynd, Old English–early Middle English olfend, Old English–early Middle English oluend, Old English–early Middle English oluende, early Middle English ollfennt ( Ormulum), early Middle English oluente, early Middle English oluont. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon olbundeo , oluundeo , Old High German olbant , olbenta , olbento (Middle High German olbende , olbente , olpent , olbande , olvent , etc.), Old Icelandic ulfaldi , úlfaldi (Icelandic úlfaldi ), Gothic ulbandus , further etymology uncertain and disputed. Compare elp n.The word was borrowed from a Germanic language into Slavonic (probably in the Common Slavonic period): compare Old Church Slavonic velĭbǫdŭ (also as velĭbludŭ , with epenthetic l , probably by folk etymology, perhaps < velii great + bludŭ wandering), Old Russian vel′bud″ (also as vel′blud″ , ver′bud″ , verbjud″ , verblud″ , ver′bljud″ ; Russian verbljud ), Czech velbloud , Polish wielbłąd (earlier also as wielbrąd ), and also Lithuanian velbliūdas (also as verbliudas , verblūdas ; < an East Slavonic language), all in the sense ‘camel’. The Germanic base may ultimately have been borrowed < classical Latin elefantus (2nd declension; also as 3rd declension elefant- , elefāns ) or its etymon ancient Greek ἐλεϕαντ- , ἐλέϕας elephant n.: see further discussion s.v. oliphant n. The change in meaning (from ‘elephant’ to ‘camel’) might be accounted for by the unfamiliarity of northern Europeans with either animal; compare Old Czech velblúd elephant, camel, Old Prussian weloblundis mule ( < Old Polish wielbłąd camel, in the 15th cent. also attested with the meaning ‘elephant’). An alternative explanation for the similarity of the Germanic and ancient Greek words is that they are parallel reflexes of a common Indo-European base, although this has not gained wide acceptance. The Germanic base of this word was perhaps remodelled after a Germanic suffix seen in other animal names (e.g. Old English wesend , Old High German wisant (see bison n. and Germanic forms cited s.v.), Old English þrōwend scorpion, etc.). In Old English both strong and weak masculine forms (e.g. respectively olfend, olfenda) are attested; so also in Old and Middle High German. Obsolete. A camel. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > family Camelidae (camel) > [noun] olfendeOE camelc950 oont1815 ship of the desert1823 desert-ship1824 cameloid1888 humpy1934 eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 44/2 Dromidus, afyred olbenda. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lvii. 439 Be ðæm wæs gecweden on ðæm godspelle to Fariseum ðæt hi wiðbleowen ðære fleogan, & forswulgun ðone olfend. OE Blickling Homilies 169 Se þe mid þon anum hrægle wæs gegyrwed þe of olfenda hærum awunden wæs. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 4 Se iohannes witodlice hæfde reaf of oluenda [OE Cambr. Univ. Libr. olfenda, c1200 Hatton oluende] hærum. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9223 Hiss claþ wass off ollfenntess hær. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 127 Stark haire of oluente his wede. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 195 Seuen þusend shep, and þrie þusend oluontes. c1225 ( Ælfric Gloss. (Worcester) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 543 Camelus, olfend. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.eOE
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