† offensionn.

Forms: Middle English offencion, Middle English offenciown, Middle English offencyoun, Middle English offensioun, Middle English–1500s offencioun, 1500s–1600s offension; Scottish pre-1700 offension, pre-1700 offensione, pre-1700 offensionn, pre-1700 offensioun, pre-1700 offensioune, pre-1700 offentioun.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French offension; Latin offēnsiōn-, offēnsiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman offension, offensioun offence, intrusion and Middle French offension insult, offence (late 12th cent. in Old French), offence against God (late 14th cent.), harm, injury (mid 14th cent.), attack (16th cent.), and its etymon classical Latin offēnsiōn-, offēnsiō injury, offence, resentment, transgression, stumbling-block, action of stumbling < offēns- , past participial stem of offendere offend v. + -iō -ion suffix¹.

Obsolete.

1. Hurt, injury, damage; displeasure, annoyance; that which is offensive or causes disgust. Also: wrongdoing, misdeed, transgression; = offence n. 2, 3, 4, and 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun]

harmOE

tinsela1340

damagec1374

offensiona1382

pairmentc1384

wrongc1384

offencec1385

wrackc1407

lesion?a1425

ruin1467

prejudicec1485

domager1502

qualm1513

jacture1515

imblemishment1529

perishment1540

impeachment1548

blame1549

dommagie1556

execution1581

damagement1603

sufferancea1616

stroy1682

murder1809

punishment1839

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness > that which is unpleasant

unthankc897

offensiona1382

offencec1425

displeasure1470

pill1548

phlegm1567

water in a person's shoes1624

a whip and a bell1644

nastiness1718

disagreeable1726

watera1734

embitterer1752

disagreement1778

disagreeablism1835

grit1876

bad news1918

nasty1959

scuzz1968

napalm1984

society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > transgression or offending

witec1175

trespassinga1340

forfeiturec1380

offensiona1382

prevaricationc1384

offendinga1425

transgression1426

defencea1450

digression1517

digressinga1535

transgressing1535

transgress1578

misfaring1595

overloup1827

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xxxi. 40 Þe wilsumnesse of drunkenhed, þe offensioun [a1425 L.V. hirting; L. offensio] of þe vnprudent, lassinge vertue & makinge woundis.

c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2416 My berd myn heer..neuere yet ne felte offensioun Of rasour ne of shere.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. iv. 309 But yif that thow of thy free wil rather be blemessched with myne offencioun.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 2358 (MED) He was a-ferd ageyn hem of þe toun In his persone to done offencioun.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 456 Fylth off carioune..rycht foull off offensioune.

a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum 920 in Poems (1899) 84 (MED) Yf ye propose to make despeccion To youre enemy..Beware ye make no suche offencion, To hurte your self.

a1576 Lady Abergavenny Praiers in T. Bentley et al. Monument of Matrones (1582) ii. 190 Thy mercie exceedeth all offension.

a. (An occasion or cause of) spiritual stumbling; = offence n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > [noun]

unrightOE

witec1175

misbodea1200

misguiltc1200

misdoinga1225

miss?c1225

trespassinga1340

forfeiturec1380

offensiona1382

crimec1384

abusion?1387

evil-doing1398

mistakinga1400

offendinga1425

transgression1426

wrongingc1449

digression1517

digressinga1535

transgressing1535

swerving1545

misdealing1571

transgress1578

misfaring1595

misacting1651

malpractice1739

malfeasance1856

wrongdoing1874

miscreance1972

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [noun]

sinc825

sinningc1000

plightc1175

culpe1377

offensiona1382

mislooka1393

anomy1595

peccation1861

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xxxi. 7 Þe tre of offencioun [L. lignum offensionis] is gold of men sacrefiynge.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) 2 Cor. vi. 3 To no man ȝyuynge ony offencioun [L. offensionem]..that oure mynisterie..be not reprouyd.

c1425 Concordance Wycliffite Bible f.140^v A stoon of offensioun in syon, & a stoon of sclaundre.

b. The action or fact of stumbling; a striking against some obstacle; = offence n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > [noun] > against an obstacle

offension?a1425

juta1556

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 5^v (MED) Of falling & offensioun, i. hurtyng, of distencioun & submersioun.

c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. Rom. ix. 32 Thai offendit aganes the staan of offensioun [L. lapidem offensionis].

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. iii. f. 113^v/2 Offension or stomblyng, is when one hurteth him selfe, by occasion of some thynge lyenge in hys way.

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 344 For woundes, prickinges and all kyndes of offensions and the swellinges that cum therupon.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 75 The offensions of bodies may happen without any fault, those of the Soule cannot.

3. The action of attacking; = offence n. 5a. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > action of attacking

assailing1340

offencec1395

overrunning?a1425

saulting1490

oppugnation1524

oppugning1535

offension1542

affronture1549

grassation1610

aggression1630

attacking1657

strafing1915

whoop-ass1974

1542 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 17 May (1933) 96 That shalbe concluded in articles of defension, offension, confirmation of old treaties, amplifying or addyng unto the same.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	offension
释义	† offensionn. Forms: Middle English offencion, Middle English offenciown, Middle English offencyoun, Middle English offensioun, Middle English–1500s offencioun, 1500s–1600s offension; Scottish pre-1700 offension, pre-1700 offensione, pre-1700 offensionn, pre-1700 offensioun, pre-1700 offensioune, pre-1700 offentioun. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French offension; Latin offēnsiōn-, offēnsiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman offension, offensioun offence, intrusion and Middle French offension insult, offence (late 12th cent. in Old French), offence against God (late 14th cent.), harm, injury (mid 14th cent.), attack (16th cent.), and its etymon classical Latin offēnsiōn-, offēnsiō injury, offence, resentment, transgression, stumbling-block, action of stumbling < offēns- , past participial stem of offendere offend v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Obsolete. 1. Hurt, injury, damage; displeasure, annoyance; that which is offensive or causes disgust. Also: wrongdoing, misdeed, transgression; = offence n. 2, 3, 4, and 6. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > [noun] harmOE tinsela1340 damagec1374 offensiona1382 pairmentc1384 wrongc1384 offencec1385 wrackc1407 lesion?a1425 ruin1467 prejudicec1485 domager1502 qualm1513 jacture1515 imblemishment1529 perishment1540 impeachment1548 blame1549 dommagie1556 execution1581 damagement1603 sufferancea1616 stroy1682 murder1809 punishment1839 the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness > that which is unpleasant unthankc897 offensiona1382 offencec1425 displeasure1470 pill1548 phlegm1567 water in a person's shoes1624 a whip and a bell1644 nastiness1718 disagreeable1726 watera1734 embitterer1752 disagreement1778 disagreeablism1835 grit1876 bad news1918 nasty1959 scuzz1968 napalm1984 society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > transgression or offending witec1175 trespassinga1340 forfeiturec1380 offensiona1382 prevaricationc1384 offendinga1425 transgression1426 defencea1450 digression1517 digressinga1535 transgressing1535 transgress1578 misfaring1595 overloup1827 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xxxi. 40 Þe wilsumnesse of drunkenhed, þe offensioun [a1425 L.V. hirting; L. offensio] of þe vnprudent, lassinge vertue & makinge woundis. c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2416 My berd myn heer..neuere yet ne felte offensioun Of rasour ne of shere. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. iv. 309 But yif that thow of thy free wil rather be blemessched with myne offencioun. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 2358 (MED) He was a-ferd ageyn hem of þe toun In his persone to done offencioun. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 456 Fylth off carioune..rycht foull off offensioune. a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum 920 in Poems (1899) 84 (MED) Yf ye propose to make despeccion To youre enemy..Beware ye make no suche offencion, To hurte your self. a1576 Lady Abergavenny Praiers in T. Bentley et al. Monument of Matrones (1582) ii. 190 Thy mercie exceedeth all offension. 2. a. (An occasion or cause of) spiritual stumbling; = offence n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > [noun] unrightOE witec1175 misbodea1200 misguiltc1200 misdoinga1225 miss?c1225 trespassinga1340 forfeiturec1380 offensiona1382 crimec1384 abusion?1387 evil-doing1398 mistakinga1400 offendinga1425 transgression1426 wrongingc1449 digression1517 digressinga1535 transgressing1535 swerving1545 misdealing1571 transgress1578 misfaring1595 misacting1651 malpractice1739 malfeasance1856 wrongdoing1874 miscreance1972 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [noun] sinc825 sinningc1000 plightc1175 culpe1377 offensiona1382 mislooka1393 anomy1595 peccation1861 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xxxi. 7 Þe tre of offencioun [L. lignum offensionis] is gold of men sacrefiynge. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) 2 Cor. vi. 3 To no man ȝyuynge ony offencioun [L. offensionem]..that oure mynisterie..be not reprouyd. c1425 Concordance Wycliffite Bible f.140^v A stoon of offensioun in syon, & a stoon of sclaundre. b. The action or fact of stumbling; a striking against some obstacle; = offence n. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > [noun] > against an obstacle offension?a1425 juta1556 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 5^v (MED) Of falling & offensioun, i. hurtyng, of distencioun & submersioun. c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. Rom. ix. 32 Thai offendit aganes the staan of offensioun [L. lapidem offensionis]. 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. iii. f. 113^v/2 Offension or stomblyng, is when one hurteth him selfe, by occasion of some thynge lyenge in hys way. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 344 For woundes, prickinges and all kyndes of offensions and the swellinges that cum therupon. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 75 The offensions of bodies may happen without any fault, those of the Soule cannot. 3. The action of attacking; = offence n. 5a. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [noun] > action of attacking assailing1340 offencec1395 overrunning?a1425 saulting1490 oppugnation1524 oppugning1535 offension1542 affronture1549 grassation1610 aggression1630 attacking1657 strafing1915 whoop-ass1974 1542 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 17 May (1933) 96 That shalbe concluded in articles of defension, offension, confirmation of old treaties, amplifying or addyng unto the same. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1382
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