barbn.¹

Brit.

/bɑːb/, U.S.

/bɑrb/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s barbe.

Etymology: < French barbe < Latin barba beard. Sense 8 is not cited in French; compare however Old French ‘seetes barbees’ in Godefroy, and modern French barbillon. The appearance of the senses in English did not correspond with their original development in French.

I. A beard, or analogous appendage.

†1. The beard of a man. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun] > beard

beardeOE

china1400

barba1500

muzzlea1640

facial hair1830

fungus1904

beaver1910

ziff1919

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 117 A gode knyght and yonge, of prime barbe.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xvii. 392 The Barbe, or Beard, is all the hair of the higher and lower lips, with Cheeks and Chin.

2. A similar appendage in various animals; e.g. feathers under the beak of a hawk (obsolete), the wattles of a cock (obsolete), a slender fleshy appendage hanging from the corners of the mouth of some fishes, such as the barbel and fishing-frog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > parts of > feathers

maila1475

barb1486

brails1486

crinet1486

crinel1704

mail-feather1773

crine1855

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [noun] > cock > parts of > wattles

barb1601

jollop1705

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > barbel

beard?1527

barbel1601

wattle1655

barb1688

cirrus1753

barbule1848

1486 Bk. St. Albans B j a The federis vnder the beke be calde the barbe federis.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 389 The nailes, and clawes of cocks..their barbs & spurs.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xiv. 384 The Barb, Lobb, or Beard, is any long skinny substance that proceeds from the Fish Snout or Nose.

1863 H. C. Pennell Angler-naturalist 119 The barbs or beards..are given to the fish to assist it in feeling its way in deep, and..dark waters.

3. Part of a woman's head-dress, still sometimes worn by nuns, consisting of a piece of white plaited linen, passed over or under the chin, and reaching midway to the waist.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > clothing for neck and other parts > wimple

wimplea1100

barbetc1320

barbc1374

gorgerc1400

gorget?1578

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 61 Do wey your barbe, and shew your face bare.

c1450 Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 147 Yowre barbe, your wymppylle and your vayle.

1752 G. Ballard Mem. Several Ladies 16 Wearing of barbes at funerals over the chin and under the same.

1834 J. R. Planché Hist. Brit. Costume xv. 232 These estates are to wear the barbe under their throats.

1851 A. Strickland Queens Scot. II. 10 Wearing white weeds and barbe.

4. Veterinary Medicine in plural. Folds of the mucous membrane under the tongue of horses and cattle, protecting the orifices of the ducts of the submaxillary glands; the disease caused by their inflammation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of mouth

barblec1440

barb?1523

lampas?1523

giggs1566

rampone1580

camery1587

flap1587

frounce1587

palamie1600

tin-blain1614

lick1827

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > mouth or type of > tongue or parts of

barb?1523

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > (parts of) tongue

ox-tonguea1475

barb?1523

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle, horse, or sheep > [noun] > disorders of cattle or horses > other disorders

risen (up)on?1523

barb1721

wire heel1759

blood-stale1816

stale-foul1816

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxii The barbes be lytell pappes in a horse mouth: & lette hym to byte.

1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell i. 73 Sometimes there will grow diseases among them in their mouths, as the barbes and such like.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. xxxi. 265 The Barbes are two little pappes which naturally do grow vnder euery horses tongue whatsoeuer, in the neather iawes.

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Barbes, a Disease in black Cattle and Horses, known by two Paps under their Tongue.

1831 W. Youatt Horse viii. 149 The farriers call these swellings barbs or paps, and as soon as they discover them, mistaking the effect of disease for the cause of it, set to work to cut them close off.

5. Heraldry. A sepal (plural the calyx) of a flower.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of vegetation > [noun] > sepal of a flower

barb1572

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 127 The Barbes of thys floure..abide alwaies of theire proper coloure, which is greene.

6. One of the lateral filaments or processes from the shaft of a feather, which bear the barbules.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > part of

pen1381

quill?a1425

dowlc1535

rib1545

web1575

pilec1600

twill1664

beard1688

pinion1691

vane1713

shaft1748

beardlet1804

medulla1826

barb1835

barbule1835

stem1845

feather-pulp1859

aftershaft1867

barbicel1869

filament1870

vexillum1871

scape1872

rachis1874

harl1877

calamus1878

radius1882

ramus1882

scapus1882

cilia1884

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 350 The vane [of the feather] consists of barbs and barbules.

1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life Introd. 55 The Ratitæ have the barbs of their feathers disconnected.

7. Little roughnesses or ridges produced in the course of metal-working, e.g. by coiners and engravers; bur.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > metal plate > bur

barb1842

1842 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades 214 The scraper..for rubbing off the burr or ‘barb’ raised by the graver on the copper plate.

II. A recurved process. (The earliest sense in English.)

8. A sharp process curving back from the point of a piercing weapon (e.g. an arrow or spear, which have two, a fish-hook, which has one), rendering its extraction from a wound, etc., more difficult.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > [noun] > barb

barbc1400

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > [noun] > a sharp prominence > barb

barbc1400

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1457 Haled to hym of her areweȝ, hitten hym oft; Bot..þe barbez [MS reads: barbeȝ] of his browe bite non wolde.

1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 19 Two maner of arrowe heades..The one..hauyng two poyntes or barbes, lookyng backewarde.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. Y2 A rag-bolt, is retained in its situation by..barbs.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xi. 624 Skill'd in medicine, and to free The inherent barb.

1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling iv. 92 Give it a pull so as to embed the barb.

figurative.1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal i. i. 6 The malice in a good thing is the barb that makes it stick.1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. i. i. 4 Remove the burning barbs of his remorses.

9. Botany. A hooked hair.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > hair or bristle > [noun] > hooked hair or barb

tenter1616

tenterhook1665

barb1864

hook1866

1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1880 A. Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) 398 Barb, a bristle or stout hair, which is hooked or double-hooked, or retrorsely appendaged at the tip.

III. [Compare Old French barde axe, German barte axe, Old Norse barða.]

†10. The edge of an axe. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > axe > [noun] > parts of

barbc1400

fawn foot1950

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2310 He lyftes lyȝtly his lome & let hit doun fayre With þe barbe of þe bitte bi þe bare nek.

Draft additions July 2010

a. U.S. (chiefly regional). Any of various sciaenid fishes of the genus Menticirrhus, found in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, which have a single barbel on the chin. Also called kingfish.

ΚΠ

1866 Athletic Sports for Boys 148 Kingfish, or barb. This is the most spirited fish in resisting capture that can be found. He is only found in New York bay, and there only as an occasional visitor.

1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 123 The King-fish, Menticirrus [sic] nebulosus, also known as the ‘Hake’ on the coast of New Jersey and Delaware,..the ‘Barb’ about Barnegat,..and sometimes also in the South as the ‘Whiting’.

1925 Copeia No. 138. 4 Below are given local names of fishes used by the fishermen of Sandy Hook Bay..Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider)—Barb, [etc.].

2003 A. Davidson North Atlantic Seafood (ed. 3) 111 A fantastic wreath of inappropriate names gathered over the kingfish in the nineteenth century. They were called hake or barb (New Jersey and Delaware), tom-cod (Connecticut), [etc.].

b. Any of various brightly coloured tropical freshwater fishes of the family Cyprinidae, esp. of the genera Barbus and Puntius, which are popular as aquarium fish and typically have one or more barbels near the mouth. Frequently with distinguishing word. Cf. barbel n. 1.rosy, tiger barb: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1927 A. E. Hodge Trop. Aquarium-fishes v. 71 Of the Barbs, we will take B[arbus] conchonius as an example.

1961 E. S. Herald Living Fishes of World 118 The old-world barbs are a very large group that has become widely known through the importation of many of the smaller, more attractive species for sale to the tropical-fish hobbyists.

1975 B. W. Halstead & B. L. Landa Trop. Fish 72 ‘T’ Barbs are called Spanner Barbs by the British.

2004 Trop. Fish Jan. 52/4 Classic examples of shoaling fish in the aquarium are the neon tetra and the pentazona barb.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† barbn.²

Etymology: Corrupted < bard n.²; perhaps confused with barb n.¹

Obsolete.

A covering for the breast and flanks of a war-horse, originally protective, but sometimes merely ornamental.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > [noun]

trappera1400

habiliment1470

bard1520

bardingc1540

barb1566

cooperison1586

caparison1598

housing1698

barbing1799

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other cloths

poitrel1490

bard1520

fore-cloth1526

bardingc1540

barb1566

pectoral1602

water-deck1721

rug1790

barbing1799

sweaters1828

quarter blanket1872

quarter cloth1894

peto1957

sweat rug1971

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xi. f. 31^v Had furnished the horsses of the Chariot with brasen barbes.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. O^v His loftie steed with golden sell, And goodly gorgeous barbes.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. vii. 481/1 Great horse, whereof seauenscore had barbs, and caparisons armed with yron.

a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 32 Their horses were naked without any barbs.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

barbn.³

Brit.

/bɑːb/, U.S.

/bɑrb/

Etymology: < French barbe, < Barbarie . (Also called a Barbary n.)

Occasionally attributive.

1. A horse of the breed imported from Barbary and Morocco, noted for great speed and endurance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > Barbary horse

barbarian1566

barbary horse1600

barba1610

Barbary1616

a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters xxiii. 82 in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) Barbes, Jennets, and other horses of price.

1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 387 He reins his docile Barb with manly Grace.

1796 W. Scott William & Helen xxxii Upon my black barb steed.

1823 J. G. Lockhart Calaynos in Anc. Spanish Ballads xxi Loudly..his mailed barb did neigh.

2. A fancy variety of pigeon, of black or dun colour, originally introduced from Barbary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > Barbary

barb1725

Barbary1834

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Pigeon Many sorts of pigeons, such as..nuns, tumblers, Barbs.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species i. 16 The barb..instead of a long beak, has a very short and broad one.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species i. 19 Mongrel barb-fantails.

3. A black kelpie (see kelpie n.²). Australian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > sheepdog > [noun] > kelpie

Australian sheepdog1901

kelpie1907

barb1926

1926 K. S. Prichard Working Bullocks 209 The barb had never fought in a ring before.

1946 F. D. Davison Dusty (1947) iii. 33 Fine dogs,..black kelpies and red, barbs and border collies.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

barbn.⁴

Brit.

/bɑːb/, U.S.

/bɑrb/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: barbiturate n.

Etymology: Shortened < barbiturate n.

slang.

A barbiturate; a barbiturate tablet. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > sedatives, antispasmodics, etc. > [noun] > sedative or hypnotic drugs

barbituric acid1866

adalin1911

allonal1921

Soneryl1923

barbiturate1928

sodium Amytal1929

allobarbitone1934

amylobarbitone sodium1945

Tuinal1949

amobarbital1950

quinalbarbitone1951

barb1955

ethchlorvynol1955

thalidomide1958

methaqualone1961

Quaalude1966

non-barbiturate1974

1955 Pacific Spectator Spring 155 I could stand one night without ‘barbs’ or sleep, but the second night I always capitulated.

1975 High Times Dec. 38/3 In one London hospital, 41 out of 59 cases of OD deaths reportedly involved barbs.

1996 M. Burgess Junk (1997) xxv. 231 I took some barbs along to help me through the first night.

2005 V. Reilly in S. Reynolds Rip it up & start Again x. 188 The barbs change people's personalities... You lose sense of reality.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

barbv.

Brit.

/bɑːb/, U.S.

/bɑrb/

Etymology: < French barbe-r (Cotgrave); compare Old French barbier; < barbe beard.

a. To shave or trim the beard of (a person). Obsolete in general use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > cut > a person

dod?c1225

polla1325

topc1330

roundc1450

barb1587

unbeard1598

deplume1775

crop1858

Dartmoor-clip1932

1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 28 Doe barbe that boysterous beard.

1615 A. Stafford Heavenly Dogge 64 I will stare my headsman in the face with as much confidence, as if he came to barbe mee.

1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. ii. v. 18 Neat Gentlemen..though never wash'd nor barb'd.

1693 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis (new ed.) 206 To Barb ..Tondere.

1864 Daily Tel. 15 Feb. Where you can be shaved, or ‘barbed,’ as the locution is, shampooed, tittivated, curled.

b. absol. or intransitive (for reflexive).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify the hair [verb (intransitive)] > shave the beard

shavec1405

barb1583

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. G8 Their noble science of barbing.

1665 S. Pepys Diary 27 Nov. (1972) VI. 311 Sat talking, and I barbing against tomorrow.

2. transferred in various senses:

a. To clip (wool, cloth, coin, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing wool > treat or process wool [verb (transitive)] > clip

forcec1440

barb1483

bard1641

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > shear

shearc1340

nap?c1475

barb1535

crop1839

1483 Act 1 Rich. III viii. Pream. Great quantitie of Wolls..which ben..barbed and clakked.

1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII xiii. §1 They [cloths] must be newly dressed, barbed, shorne.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. xxiii The small sprigs must eftsoons be barbed (as it were) and shaven clean off.

b. To mow (grass, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > reap or mow a crop

moweOE

reapeOE

cutc1300

sheara1325

barb1652

demess1657

hack1681

1652 E. Benlowes Theophila xiii. ii. 236 The Mower, who..Wieldeth the crooked Sythe..To barb the flowrie Tresses of the verdant Plains.

c. To file off the bur or rough edges of metal-work.

ΚΠ

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B2^v I'll bring..thy neck Within a noose, for laundring gold, and barbing .

1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous II. vii. 226 Gambling bullies..throwing their Highmen, or barbing gold.

†d. The specific term for carving a lobster.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of seafood > prepare seafood [verb (transitive)] > cut up or carve > lobster

barb1508

1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A^v Barbe that lopster.

†3. figurative.

a. To give a trimming or dressing to.

ΚΠ

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. vi. §2. 716 Iustine, hauing recouered forces, lighted on Tiberius, and barbed him after the same fashion.

b. To clip, cut back. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > inflict harm on

endamage1555

barb1657

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail

wanea889

dockc1380

bridgec1384

abridgea1393

limita1398

syncopec1412

defalk1475

shortena1535

to cut short?1542

royn1573

retrench1587

curtail1589

retranch1589

lop1594

scantle1596

scant1599

scantelize1611

curtalize1622

defalce1651

detrench1655

barb1657

defalcatea1690

razee1815

detruncate1846

to cut down1857

shave1898

1657 J. Trapp Comm. Esther ii. 1 Vices may be barbed or benumbed, not mastered.

4. To furnish (an arrow, hook, etc.) with barbs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > project sharply from [verb (transitive)] > furnish with (a) sharp projection(s) > furnish with barbs

barb1611

1611 [implied in: Bible (King James) Job xli. 7 Canst thou fill his skinne with barbed yrons?

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 546 Ratling storm of Arrows barbd with fire.

1759 W. Mason Caractacus 24 Haste, Evelina, barb my knotty spear.

1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds v. 68 I will shew you how the natives barb them [arrows].

figurative.1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama x. 107 Flowers..With their petals barb'd the dart.a1816 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal (rev. ed.) Portrait in Wks. (1821) II. 6 She barbs with wit those darts too keen before.

5. To pierce with, or as with, a barb. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with something sharp-pointed > prick

prickOE

pointa1425

joba1500

birlc1540

punct1548

nib1558

pounce1570

punge1570

stab1570

reprick1611

jaga1700

barb1803

jab1825

rowel1891

pinprick1909

1803 J. Porter Thaddeus of Warsaw ix It is your wretchedness that barbs me to the heart.

6. To bend into hook form the points of wire teeth used in carding textile fibres.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [verb (transitive)] > comb > bend points of teeth

barb1890

1890 J. Nasmith Mod. Cotton Spinning Machinery 94 There are two evils to be guarded against—the barbing or hooking of the wire points and the striation of the sides of the teeth.

1890 J. Nasmith Mod. Cotton Spinning Machinery 95 Striated sides and barbed points are common in this series.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

> as lemmas

BARB

BARB n.

/bɑːb/ (also Barb) Broadcasters' Audience Research Board, an organization founded in 1981 to assess the size of the audience for individual television programmes.

1982 Daily Tel. 9 Dec. 15/8 When broadcasting overseas the BBC is untroubled by the pedants of Barb.., and invariably speaks in well-rounded million[s].

1982 Listener 16 Dec. 27/3 The homes on the BARB panel don't register time-shift use of video-recorders.

1986 Stage 7 Aug. 18/3 The weekly figures produced for BARB by AGB, show that the Royal Wedding dominated the week's viewing.

extracted from Bn.

n.¹c1374

n.²1566

n.³a1610

n.⁴1955

v.1483

as lemmas

单词	barb
释义	barbn.¹ Brit. /bɑːb/, U.S. /bɑrb/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s barbe. Etymology: < French barbe < Latin barba beard. Sense 8 is not cited in French; compare however Old French ‘seetes barbees’ in Godefroy, and modern French barbillon. The appearance of the senses in English did not correspond with their original development in French. I. A beard, or analogous appendage. †1. The beard of a man. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun] > beard beardeOE china1400 barba1500 muzzlea1640 facial hair1830 fungus1904 beaver1910 ziff1919 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 117 A gode knyght and yonge, of prime barbe. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xvii. 392 The Barbe, or Beard, is all the hair of the higher and lower lips, with Cheeks and Chin. 2. A similar appendage in various animals; e.g. feathers under the beak of a hawk (obsolete), the wattles of a cock (obsolete), a slender fleshy appendage hanging from the corners of the mouth of some fishes, such as the barbel and fishing-frog. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > parts of > feathers maila1475 barb1486 brails1486 crinet1486 crinel1704 mail-feather1773 crine1855 the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [noun] > cock > parts of > wattles barb1601 jollop1705 the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > barbel beard?1527 barbel1601 wattle1655 barb1688 cirrus1753 barbule1848 1486 Bk. St. Albans B j a The federis vnder the beke be calde the barbe federis. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 389 The nailes, and clawes of cocks..their barbs & spurs. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xiv. 384 The Barb, Lobb, or Beard, is any long skinny substance that proceeds from the Fish Snout or Nose. 1863 H. C. Pennell Angler-naturalist 119 The barbs or beards..are given to the fish to assist it in feeling its way in deep, and..dark waters. 3. Part of a woman's head-dress, still sometimes worn by nuns, consisting of a piece of white plaited linen, passed over or under the chin, and reaching midway to the waist. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > clothing for neck and other parts > wimple wimplea1100 barbetc1320 barbc1374 gorgerc1400 gorget?1578 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 61 Do wey your barbe, and shew your face bare. c1450 Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 147 Yowre barbe, your wymppylle and your vayle. 1752 G. Ballard Mem. Several Ladies 16 Wearing of barbes at funerals over the chin and under the same. 1834 J. R. Planché Hist. Brit. Costume xv. 232 These estates are to wear the barbe under their throats. 1851 A. Strickland Queens Scot. II. 10 Wearing white weeds and barbe. 4. Veterinary Medicine in plural. Folds of the mucous membrane under the tongue of horses and cattle, protecting the orifices of the ducts of the submaxillary glands; the disease caused by their inflammation. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of mouth barblec1440 barb?1523 lampas?1523 giggs1566 rampone1580 camery1587 flap1587 frounce1587 palamie1600 tin-blain1614 lick1827 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > mouth or type of > tongue or parts of barb?1523 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > (parts of) tongue ox-tonguea1475 barb?1523 the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle, horse, or sheep > [noun] > disorders of cattle or horses > other disorders risen (up)on?1523 barb1721 wire heel1759 blood-stale1816 stale-foul1816 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxii The barbes be lytell pappes in a horse mouth: & lette hym to byte. 1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell i. 73 Sometimes there will grow diseases among them in their mouths, as the barbes and such like. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. xxxi. 265 The Barbes are two little pappes which naturally do grow vnder euery horses tongue whatsoeuer, in the neather iawes. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Barbes, a Disease in black Cattle and Horses, known by two Paps under their Tongue. 1831 W. Youatt Horse viii. 149 The farriers call these swellings barbs or paps, and as soon as they discover them, mistaking the effect of disease for the cause of it, set to work to cut them close off. 5. Heraldry. A sepal (plural the calyx) of a flower. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of vegetation > [noun] > sepal of a flower barb1572 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 127 The Barbes of thys floure..abide alwaies of theire proper coloure, which is greene. 6. One of the lateral filaments or processes from the shaft of a feather, which bear the barbules. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > part of pen1381 quill?a1425 dowlc1535 rib1545 web1575 pilec1600 twill1664 beard1688 pinion1691 vane1713 shaft1748 beardlet1804 medulla1826 barb1835 barbule1835 stem1845 feather-pulp1859 aftershaft1867 barbicel1869 filament1870 vexillum1871 scape1872 rachis1874 harl1877 calamus1878 radius1882 ramus1882 scapus1882 cilia1884 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 350 The vane [of the feather] consists of barbs and barbules. 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life Introd. 55 The Ratitæ have the barbs of their feathers disconnected. 7. Little roughnesses or ridges produced in the course of metal-working, e.g. by coiners and engravers; bur. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > metal plate > bur barb1842 1842 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades 214 The scraper..for rubbing off the burr or ‘barb’ raised by the graver on the copper plate. II. A recurved process. (The earliest sense in English.) 8. A sharp process curving back from the point of a piercing weapon (e.g. an arrow or spear, which have two, a fish-hook, which has one), rendering its extraction from a wound, etc., more difficult. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > [noun] > barb barbc1400 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > [noun] > a sharp prominence > barb barbc1400 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1457 Haled to hym of her areweȝ, hitten hym oft; Bot..þe barbez [MS reads: barbeȝ] of his browe bite non wolde. 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 19 Two maner of arrowe heades..The one..hauyng two poyntes or barbes, lookyng backewarde. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. Y2 A rag-bolt, is retained in its situation by..barbs. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xi. 624 Skill'd in medicine, and to free The inherent barb. 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling iv. 92 Give it a pull so as to embed the barb. figurative.1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal i. i. 6 The malice in a good thing is the barb that makes it stick.1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. i. i. 4 Remove the burning barbs of his remorses. 9. Botany. A hooked hair. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > hair or bristle > [noun] > hooked hair or barb tenter1616 tenterhook1665 barb1864 hook1866 1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. 1880 A. Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) 398 Barb, a bristle or stout hair, which is hooked or double-hooked, or retrorsely appendaged at the tip. III. [Compare Old French barde axe, German barte axe, Old Norse barða.] †10. The edge of an axe. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > axe > [noun] > parts of barbc1400 fawn foot1950 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2310 He lyftes lyȝtly his lome & let hit doun fayre With þe barbe of þe bitte bi þe bare nek. Draft additions July 2010 a. U.S. (chiefly regional). Any of various sciaenid fishes of the genus Menticirrhus, found in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, which have a single barbel on the chin. Also called kingfish. ΚΠ 1866 Athletic Sports for Boys 148 Kingfish, or barb. This is the most spirited fish in resisting capture that can be found. He is only found in New York bay, and there only as an occasional visitor. 1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 123 The King-fish, Menticirrus [sic] nebulosus, also known as the ‘Hake’ on the coast of New Jersey and Delaware,..the ‘Barb’ about Barnegat,..and sometimes also in the South as the ‘Whiting’. 1925 Copeia No. 138. 4 Below are given local names of fishes used by the fishermen of Sandy Hook Bay..Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider)—Barb, [etc.]. 2003 A. Davidson North Atlantic Seafood (ed. 3) 111 A fantastic wreath of inappropriate names gathered over the kingfish in the nineteenth century. They were called hake or barb (New Jersey and Delaware), tom-cod (Connecticut), [etc.]. b. Any of various brightly coloured tropical freshwater fishes of the family Cyprinidae, esp. of the genera Barbus and Puntius, which are popular as aquarium fish and typically have one or more barbels near the mouth. Frequently with distinguishing word. Cf. barbel n. 1.rosy, tiger barb: see the first element. ΚΠ 1927 A. E. Hodge Trop. Aquarium-fishes v. 71 Of the Barbs, we will take B[arbus] conchonius as an example. 1961 E. S. Herald Living Fishes of World 118 The old-world barbs are a very large group that has become widely known through the importation of many of the smaller, more attractive species for sale to the tropical-fish hobbyists. 1975 B. W. Halstead & B. L. Landa Trop. Fish 72 ‘T’ Barbs are called Spanner Barbs by the British. 2004 Trop. Fish Jan. 52/4 Classic examples of shoaling fish in the aquarium are the neon tetra and the pentazona barb. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † barbn.² Etymology: Corrupted < bard n.²; perhaps confused with barb n.¹ Obsolete. A covering for the breast and flanks of a war-horse, originally protective, but sometimes merely ornamental. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for horse > [noun] trappera1400 habiliment1470 bard1520 bardingc1540 barb1566 cooperison1586 caparison1598 housing1698 barbing1799 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > other cloths poitrel1490 bard1520 fore-cloth1526 bardingc1540 barb1566 pectoral1602 water-deck1721 rug1790 barbing1799 sweaters1828 quarter blanket1872 quarter cloth1894 peto1957 sweat rug1971 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xi. f. 31^v Had furnished the horsses of the Chariot with brasen barbes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. O^v His loftie steed with golden sell, And goodly gorgeous barbes. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. vii. 481/1 Great horse, whereof seauenscore had barbs, and caparisons armed with yron. a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 32 Their horses were naked without any barbs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2021). barbn.³ Brit. /bɑːb/, U.S. /bɑrb/ Etymology: < French barbe, < Barbarie . (Also called a Barbary n.) Occasionally attributive. 1. A horse of the breed imported from Barbary and Morocco, noted for great speed and endurance. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > Barbary horse barbarian1566 barbary horse1600 barba1610 Barbary1616 a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters xxiii. 82 in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) Barbes, Jennets, and other horses of price. 1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 387 He reins his docile Barb with manly Grace. 1796 W. Scott William & Helen xxxii Upon my black barb steed. 1823 J. G. Lockhart Calaynos in Anc. Spanish Ballads xxi Loudly..his mailed barb did neigh. 2. A fancy variety of pigeon, of black or dun colour, originally introduced from Barbary. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > Barbary barb1725 Barbary1834 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Pigeon Many sorts of pigeons, such as..nuns, tumblers, Barbs. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species i. 16 The barb..instead of a long beak, has a very short and broad one. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species i. 19 Mongrel barb-fantails. 3. A black kelpie (see kelpie n.²). Australian. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > sheepdog > [noun] > kelpie Australian sheepdog1901 kelpie1907 barb1926 1926 K. S. Prichard Working Bullocks 209 The barb had never fought in a ring before. 1946 F. D. Davison Dusty (1947) iii. 33 Fine dogs,..black kelpies and red, barbs and border collies. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). barbn.⁴ Brit. /bɑːb/, U.S. /bɑrb/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: barbiturate n. Etymology: Shortened < barbiturate n. slang. A barbiturate; a barbiturate tablet. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > sedatives, antispasmodics, etc. > [noun] > sedative or hypnotic drugs barbituric acid1866 adalin1911 allonal1921 Soneryl1923 barbiturate1928 sodium Amytal1929 allobarbitone1934 amylobarbitone sodium1945 Tuinal1949 amobarbital1950 quinalbarbitone1951 barb1955 ethchlorvynol1955 thalidomide1958 methaqualone1961 Quaalude1966 non-barbiturate1974 1955 Pacific Spectator Spring 155 I could stand one night without ‘barbs’ or sleep, but the second night I always capitulated. 1975 High Times Dec. 38/3 In one London hospital, 41 out of 59 cases of OD deaths reportedly involved barbs. 1996 M. Burgess Junk (1997) xxv. 231 I took some barbs along to help me through the first night. 2005 V. Reilly in S. Reynolds Rip it up & start Again x. 188 The barbs change people's personalities... You lose sense of reality. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). barbv. Brit. /bɑːb/, U.S. /bɑrb/ Etymology: < French barbe-r (Cotgrave); compare Old French barbier; < barbe beard. 1. a. To shave or trim the beard of (a person). Obsolete in general use. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > cut > a person dod?c1225 polla1325 topc1330 roundc1450 barb1587 unbeard1598 deplume1775 crop1858 Dartmoor-clip1932 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 28 Doe barbe that boysterous beard. 1615 A. Stafford Heavenly Dogge 64 I will stare my headsman in the face with as much confidence, as if he came to barbe mee. 1663 A. Cowley Cutter of Coleman-St. ii. v. 18 Neat Gentlemen..though never wash'd nor barb'd. 1693 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis (new ed.) 206 To Barb ..Tondere. 1864 Daily Tel. 15 Feb. Where you can be shaved, or ‘barbed,’ as the locution is, shampooed, tittivated, curled. b. absol. or intransitive (for reflexive). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify the hair [verb (intransitive)] > shave the beard shavec1405 barb1583 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. G8 Their noble science of barbing. 1665 S. Pepys Diary 27 Nov. (1972) VI. 311 Sat talking, and I barbing against tomorrow. 2. transferred in various senses: a. To clip (wool, cloth, coin, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing wool > treat or process wool [verb (transitive)] > clip forcec1440 barb1483 bard1641 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > shear shearc1340 nap?c1475 barb1535 crop1839 1483 Act 1 Rich. III viii. Pream. Great quantitie of Wolls..which ben..barbed and clakked. 1535 Act 27 Hen. VIII xiii. §1 They [cloths] must be newly dressed, barbed, shorne. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvii. xxiii The small sprigs must eftsoons be barbed (as it were) and shaven clean off. b. To mow (grass, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > reap or mow a crop moweOE reapeOE cutc1300 sheara1325 barb1652 demess1657 hack1681 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila xiii. ii. 236 The Mower, who..Wieldeth the crooked Sythe..To barb the flowrie Tresses of the verdant Plains. c. To file off the bur or rough edges of metal-work. ΚΠ 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B2^v I'll bring..thy neck Within a noose, for laundring gold, and barbing . View more context for this quotation 1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous II. vii. 226 Gambling bullies..throwing their Highmen, or barbing gold. †d. The specific term for carving a lobster. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of seafood > prepare seafood [verb (transitive)] > cut up or carve > lobster barb1508 1508 Bk. Keruynge (de Worde) sig. A^v Barbe that lopster. †3. figurative. a. To give a trimming or dressing to. ΚΠ 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. vi. §2. 716 Iustine, hauing recouered forces, lighted on Tiberius, and barbed him after the same fashion. b. To clip, cut back. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > inflict harm on endamage1555 barb1657 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail wanea889 dockc1380 bridgec1384 abridgea1393 limita1398 syncopec1412 defalk1475 shortena1535 to cut short?1542 royn1573 retrench1587 curtail1589 retranch1589 lop1594 scantle1596 scant1599 scantelize1611 curtalize1622 defalce1651 detrench1655 barb1657 defalcatea1690 razee1815 detruncate1846 to cut down1857 shave1898 1657 J. Trapp Comm. Esther ii. 1 Vices may be barbed or benumbed, not mastered. 4. To furnish (an arrow, hook, etc.) with barbs. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > sharp unevenness > project sharply from [verb (transitive)] > furnish with (a) sharp projection(s) > furnish with barbs barb1611 1611 [implied in: Bible (King James) Job xli. 7 Canst thou fill his skinne with barbed yrons? View more context for this quotation]. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 546 Ratling storm of Arrows barbd with fire. View more context for this quotation 1759 W. Mason Caractacus 24 Haste, Evelina, barb my knotty spear. 1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds v. 68 I will shew you how the natives barb them [arrows]. figurative.1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama x. 107 Flowers..With their petals barb'd the dart.a1816 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal (rev. ed.) Portrait in Wks. (1821) II. 6 She barbs with wit those darts too keen before. 5. To pierce with, or as with, a barb. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > make an opening or hole in or into > bore, pierce, or perforate > with something sharp-pointed > prick prickOE pointa1425 joba1500 birlc1540 punct1548 nib1558 pounce1570 punge1570 stab1570 reprick1611 jaga1700 barb1803 jab1825 rowel1891 pinprick1909 1803 J. Porter Thaddeus of Warsaw ix It is your wretchedness that barbs me to the heart. 6. To bend into hook form the points of wire teeth used in carding textile fibres. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [verb (transitive)] > comb > bend points of teeth barb1890 1890 J. Nasmith Mod. Cotton Spinning Machinery 94 There are two evils to be guarded against—the barbing or hooking of the wire points and the striation of the sides of the teeth. 1890 J. Nasmith Mod. Cotton Spinning Machinery 95 Striated sides and barbed points are common in this series. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > as lemmas BARB BARB n. /bɑːb/ (also Barb) Broadcasters' Audience Research Board, an organization founded in 1981 to assess the size of the audience for individual television programmes. Π 1982 Daily Tel. 9 Dec. 15/8 When broadcasting overseas the BBC is untroubled by the pedants of Barb.., and invariably speaks in well-rounded million[s]. 1982 Listener 16 Dec. 27/3 The homes on the BARB panel don't register time-shift use of video-recorders. 1986 Stage 7 Aug. 18/3 The weekly figures produced for BARB by AGB, show that the Royal Wedding dominated the week's viewing. extracted from Bn. < n.¹c1374n.²1566n.³a1610n.⁴1955v.1483 as lemmas
随便看	insulating insulating stool insulation insulation material insulation meter insulation resistance insulation tape insulation test insulation tester insulations insulative insulator insulators insulet insulin insulin coma insulin resistance insulin shock insulin treatment insulin-dependent insulinase insulindependent insulinized insulins insulite

barbn.1

Draft additions July 2010

† barbn.2

barbn.3

barbn.4

barbv.

> as lemmas

barbn.¹

† barbn.²

barbn.³

barbn.⁴