barn.¹

Brit.

/bɑː/, U.S.

/bɑr/

Forms: Middle English–1600s barre, Middle English–1600s barr, Middle English– bar.

Etymology: Middle English barre, < Old French barre (= Provençal barra, Italian barra, Spanish barra, Portuguese barra) < late Latin barra of unknown origin. The Celtic derivation accepted by Diez is now discredited: Old Irish barr ‘bushy top,’ and its cognates, in no way suit the sense; Welsh bar ‘bar’ is from English, and Breton barren ‘bar’ from French (The development of sense had to a great extent taken place before the word was adopted in English.)

I. A piece of any material long in proportion to its thickness or width.

* Of shape only.

1. gen. A straight piece of wood, metal, or other rigid material, long in proportion to its thickness.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials in specific shape or form > [noun] > long and straight

bara1425

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. iv. 10 Thei schulen putte in barris [1382 beryng staues].

1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 38 To beat down the statute [? statue] with bars.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Bar, among printers, denotes a piece of iron..whereby the screw of the press is turned in printing.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. xxviii. 360 A pallet-bed was placed close to the bar of iron.

1860 H. Stuart Novice's or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 11 On the barrel [of a rifle] is the..sliding bar.

1880 C. A. Edwards Organs ii. ii. 50 The sound-board bars are glued in place.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 105 Bar, a drilling or tamping-rod.

figurative.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxvii. 1 The Lord schal visite in his hard swerd..on leuyathan, serpent, a barre [1382 a leuour.]a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 420 Leviathan..is here called a bar Serpent..as mighty Men are called bars in Scripture.

2. spec.

a. A thick rod of iron or wood used in a trial of strength, the players contending which of them could throw or pitch it farthest; the distance thrown was measured in lengths of the bar. Hence in obsolete figurative phrases.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > tossing caber > caber > similar equipment

bar1531

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xvi. sig. Hvii Throwyng the heuy stone or barre, playing at tenyse.

1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood iv. 64 To pitch the barre, or to shoote off a gunne.

1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 331 While John for Nine-pins does declare; And Roger loves to pitch the bar.

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod Introd. 13 To amuse himself in archery, casting of the bar, wrestling.

figurative.1647 J. Cleveland Char. London-diurnall 5 First, Stamford slew him: then Waller outkilled that halfe a Barre.1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 538. ¶5 I did not all this while disbelieve..but yet I thought some in the Company had been endeavouring who should pitch the Bar furthest.a1734 R. North Lives of Norths II. 37 The objectors..outdo, many bars, all that themselves found fault with.1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxiii. 324 Here is a mere Baby..outdoes 'em by a Bar's Length.

†b. An iron bar used in breaking criminals on the wheel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > wheel > bar for breaking victim on

bar1577

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. ii. xi. 223 We have use neither of the wheele nor of the barre.

c. A rod-shaped heating element used in certain types of electric fire. Cf. element n. 4c and one-bar adj. at one adj., n., and pron. Compounds 4, etc.

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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > gas or electric heater > heating element of electric fire

radiant1914

bar1926

1926–7 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 344/1 Electric radiators..Two bars (1,000 watts each).

1949 E. Bowen Heat of Day vii. 131 She switched on one more bar of the electric fire.

1970 M. Kenyon 100,000 Welcomes v. 32 One bar of a puny electric fire glowed in the hearth.

a. A narrow four-sided block of metal or material as manufactured, e.g. of iron, or soap, chocolate, etc.; an ingot of precious metal. Cf. bar-iron n. at Compounds 2.

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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold or silver > in the lump > ingot of

wedgec900

ingot1423

barc1595

billet1670

wafer1974

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > bar of iron

bar1753

billet1881

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > form of soap

soft soap?a1425

washing-ball1538

ball1575

tablet1582

musk ball1589

liquid soap1600

soap-ball1601

wash-ball1601

savonette1702

brick soap1753

bar-soap1824

bar1834

sand-ball1846

soap powder1865

leaf1882

soap leaf1909

soap flakes1926

shower gel1970

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > chocolate

jessamy-chocolate1697

milk chocolate1723

plain chocolate1737

chocolate drop1764

chocolate cream1851

chocolate1852

chocolate liqueur1864

chocolate button1865

choc1874

chocolate bar1875

choccy1885

langue de chat1897

black chocolate1902

soft centre1902

truffle1902

liqueur chocolate1904

bar1906

bark1910

chocolate coin1910

white chocolate1917

dark chocolate1930

Mars bar1932

Smarties1939

nutty1947

liqueur1965

c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 18 We got here twenty barres of silver.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Bars of Iron are made of the metal of the sows and pigs, as they come from the furnaces.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. iv. 42 Four cakes of Windsor, and two bars of yellow for washing.

1876 H. N. Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. ii. 9 Bars form a sort of transition stage between the weighed money and true coins.

1906 Daily Chron. 25 July 6/4 A shop-worn chocolate-cream bar.

1959 Elizabethan Apr. 10/1 I gave you a bar of chocolate on the train from London.

b. Used as a standard of weight or a denomination of currency. Cf. bahar n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > other spec.

markc1475

bar1732

rix-dollar1803

Canadian dollar1841

centime1842

pound1857

cent1871

commodity dollar1891

credit1893

shilling1921

centime1942

larin1978

1732 Abstr. of Voy. to New Calabar River, 1699, taken from Jrnl. of James Barbot in Coll. Voy. & Trav. V. 460/1 We adjusted with them the reduction of our merchandize into bars of iron, as the standard coin, viz. One bunch of beads, one bar... One piece broad Hamborough, one ditto. One piece Nicanees, three ditto... And so pro rata, for every other sort of goods.

1732 in F. Moore Trav. Inland Afr. (1738) App. II. 9 Barr, or Sixteenth Part of an Ounce of Gold.

1738 F. Moore Trav. Inland Afr. 45 A Barr is a Denomination given to a certain Quantity of Goods of any kind, which Quantity was of equal Value among the Natives to a Barr of Iron, when this River was first traded to. Thus..an Ounce of Silver is but a Barr.

1735 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea 40 They all keep Gromettas (Negro Servants) which they hire from Sherbro River, at two Accys or Bars a Month.1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Bar, in African traffick, is used for a denomination of price; payment being formerly made to the Negroes almost wholly in iron bars.

c. A pound; esp. in half a bar, ten shillings. slang.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > specific sums of money > a pound

li.c1450

quid1661

strike1680

note1775

scrieve1821

nicker1871

saucepan lid1896

bar1911

berry1918

smacker1920

thick 'un1968

sob1970

society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > specific sums of money > ten shillings

half a thick 'un1897

half1931

half a bar1938

1911 J. W. Horsley I Remember xi. 254 Others [slang words] were new to me, such as..‘bar’ for a sovereign.

1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad 331 Half a bar, ten shillings.

1939 J. B. Priestley Let People Sing x. 256 Knocker brought out some money and examined it. ‘..A nicker, half a bar, a caser an' a hole.’

1958 M. Pugh Wilderness of Monkeys 77 Half a bar, or what you call ten bob?

†4.

a. An ornamental transverse band on a girdle, saddle, etc.; subsequently an ornamental boss of any shape. Also, a girdle or band. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > stripes or bars

barc1385

barringc1386

bendingc1386

palingc1390

pale1415

candy stripe1875

broken line1937

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1200 With sadyll rede enbrowderyd with delyte, Of gold the barres vpp enbosid high.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 162 Boþe þe barres of his belt & oþer blyþe stones.

c1400 Rom. Rose 1103 The barres were of gold ful fyne, Upon a tyssu of satyne.

1433 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 48 Unam zonam ornatam cum octo barres.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 24 Barre of a gyrdylle, or oþer harneys, stipa.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xxxiii. 13019 Orestes..comaundet, Bare to the barre bryng him his moder.

1560 J. Heywood Fourth Hundred Epygrams ix. sig. Av^v The barres of mens breeches haue such strong stitching.

b. A small slip of silver fixed transversely below the clasp of a medal, as an additional mark of distinction.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > decorations or orders

Order of St Michael1530

Legion of Honour1802

clasp1813

Iron Cross1813

medal1813

star1844

Victoria Cross1856

V.C.1859

Medal of Honour1861

bar1864

yellow jacket1864

V.D.1901

Croix de Guerre1915

Military Cross1915

C.G.M.1916

Military Medal1916

pip1917

M.M.1918

purple heart1918

Maconochie Cross1919

Maconochie Medal1919

wound-stripe1919

T.D.1924

rooty gong1925

Silver Star1932

Ritterkreuz1940

Africa Star1943

ruptured duck1945

Spam medal1945

screaming eagle1946

1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xx. 353 A Bar is attached to the ribbon for every act of such gallantry as would have won the Cross.

1885 Standard 2 Mar. 3/5 He affixed the medals and bars to the breasts of the..recipients.

a. A straight strip or stripe, narrow in proportion to its length, a broad line; e.g. of colour. stars and bars: see star n.¹ Phrases 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [noun] > long narrow piece > of a surface > running across or around

barc1440

crossbar1599

list1599

fillet1612

strapa1680

road1802

band1823

bandelet1863

bandlet1883

c1440 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 460 Lay orethwart him [a roast pig] one barre of silver foile, and another of golde.

1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) i. sig. B3 In each joynt a golden barre, in stead of those three whitish rings which other Bees haue.

1806 W. Wordsworth Ode in Sonn. to Liberty 28 A blue bar of solid cloud Across the setting sun.

1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 10 The bar or line drawn over the 2 denotes, etc.

figurative.1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. ii. 45 The brightest triumph has a bar of black in it.

b. bar of Michael Angelo, the superciliary ridge or prominence of the frontal bone at the base of the forehead, characteristic of the heads of Michael Angelo's statues.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > front of skull > frontal bone

coronalc1400

brow-bonec1450

coronal bone1543

os frontis1578

postfrontal1840

bar of Michael Angelo1850

frontal1854

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxv. 127 And over those ethereal eyes The bar of Michael Angelo .

6. Heraldry. An honourable ordinary, formed (like the fess) by two parallel lines drawn horizontally across the shield, and including not more than its fifth part. bar sinister: in popular, but erroneous phrase, the heraldic sign of illegitimacy; see baton n., bend n.¹, (sinister). bar-gemel: a double bar, or small bars placed in couplets.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > charge of simplest or commonest kind > bar of two horizontal lines

label1440

bar1592

trangle1725

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > charge of simplest or commonest kind > bar of two horizontal lines > smaller bars

gemew1486

barrulet1562

closet1562

humet1572

barret1587

bar-gemel1592

gemel1592

gemew1657

wiure1688

bandlet1850

bracelet-

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > charge of simplest or commonest kind > band crossing shield diagonally > running from top right to bottom left

sinister bend1612

bend sinister1622

crossbar1655

bar sinister1823

1592 W. Wyrley Lord Chandos in True Vse Armorie 97 Sir Lewis Harcourt came, Two golden bars that bare in field of guls.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. vi. 59 A Barre is..drawen ouerthwart the Escocheon..it containeth the fifth part of the Field.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. vii. 75 Termed in Blazon Barres Gemelles, of the Latine word Gemellus, which signifieth a Twin.

1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) The bar may be placed in any part of the field.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. xii. 303 My bar sinister may never be surmounted by the coronet of Croye.

7. Farriery.

a. (usually plural) The transverse ridged divisions of a horse's palate: below those which lie between the molar and canine teeth the bar of the bit is inserted.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > mouth or type of > part of palate

bar1607

ridge1696

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 52 It giueth libertie to the tongue, offendeth not the barres, and keepeth the mouth in tendernesse.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Yellows After they have blooded the Horse..in the third Bar, on the pallate of the Mouth.

1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemanship i. v. 17 The curb bit should..take a bearing upon the bare bars of the mouth.

b. The recurved ends of the wall or crust of a horse's hoof, meeting at an acute angle in the centre of the sole.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > hoof > covering of

wall1830

bar1831

crust1831

1831 W. Youatt Horse xv. 284 Smiths..too often habitually pursue..the injurious practice of removing the bars [of the hoof].

** Of shape and confining purpose.

8. esp. A stake or rod of iron or wood used to fasten a gate, door, hatch, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > bolt or bar

shuttle971

barc1175

esselc1275

slota1300

sperel13..

ginc1330

staple-bar1339

shotc1430

shuttingc1440

shutc1460

spar1596

counter-bar1611

shooter1632

drawbar1670

night bolt1775

drop-bolt1786

snibbing-bolt1844

stay-band1844

window bar1853

heck-stower1876

barrel bolt1909

latch bolt1909

panic bolt1911

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 131 He..tobrec þa irene barren of helle.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 884 Steken þe ȝates ston~harde wyth stalworth barrez.

a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1104 And up is broke lok, haspe, barre, and pynne.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxvi. 26 Fyve barris of trees..to holde togidere the tablis.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges xvi. 3 Toke holde on both y^e syde portes of y^e gate..and lifte them out with the barres.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 877 And every Bolt and Bar..with ease Unfast'ns.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Hatch-bars, flat iron bars to lock over the hatches.

a. A straight, strong rod of iron or wood fixed across any way of ingress or egress, or forming part of a fence, gate, grating, or the like.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > a beam or rod

barc1405

slaught-boom1637

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 217 Thurgh a wyndow thikke of many a barre Of Iren.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 24 Barre abowte a graue or awter.

a1658 R. Lovelace To Althea Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a cage.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 57. ¶3 She..makes nothing of leaping over a Six bar Gate.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. ix. 191 Like a fine horse brought up to the leaping-bar.

1883 Harper's Mag. Sept. 491/1 The cows lowing at the pasture bars.

b. spec. in plural. A set of wooden rails which may be withdrawn to afford an opening through a fence or wall. (Cf. drawbar n.) U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > a beam or rod > closing opening in a fence > set of

bar1639

1639 in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. (1897) VI. 5 All the fences & gates..to the bares shall be sufitiently mad up.

1660 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1893) II. 139 Provided that they Keepe a Sufficient inlett of Barres at Each End of the highway for A cart to passe through.

1670 Charlestown Land Rec. 186 From Deacon Stitson's to the Barres at Mr. Nowel's pasture in sixteene foot.

1703 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) V. 109 [He] shall set up a Gate, or inlet of Barrs in said fence.

1743 J. MacSparran Diary 9 She sent Jack to open ye Gates and Bars.

1856 Trans. Mich. Agric. Soc. 7 805 He..uses bars instead of gates between his inclosures.

1887 M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 315 The younger of the two old women let down the bars which separated the blooming field..from the road, and they passed through.

c. Association Football, etc. = crossbar n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > [noun] > ground > goal-post or bar

goal1577

goalpost1842

crossbar1857

goal bar1862

side post1863

stick1876

bar1882

upright1910

1882 Blackburn Times 1 Apr. 3/3 Ashton, M'Guire, and Towers completely baffled the backs, a good centre giving Ashton a rare opportunity of scoring, but he sent the ball over the bar.

1894 N. Brit. Daily Mail (Glasgow) 9 Apr. 3/6 The ball hit the bar, and after bounding back, went over Haddow's head and right into the net.

1986 Football Monthly June 34/2 Rush gave another indication of what was to come later when he headed over the bar.

d. In colloquial phrase behind bars, of a person: in prison, locked away.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > in confinement [phrase]

in mewa1375

under keya1393

under lock and key1585

behind bars1951

1914 W. L. Taylor Man behind Bars i. 13 A short story read aloud was always a pleasure to the men behind the bars.]

1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 151/2 The crimes for which the professionals are behind bars.

1966 A. Sachs Jail Diary xxvi. 232 He must know that the career he has chosen will inevitably involve him in spending a large portion of his life behind bars.

1977 Borneo Bull. 7 May 10/3 Now Hassan.., who got $50 out of the deal, is behind bars for six months.

10. One of the series of iron rods fixed in the front of a grate or bottom of a boiler furnace to prevent the fuel from falling out.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > grate > bar of

bar1678

fire bar1844

furnace-bar1888

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. i. 13 A course sort of Iron..fit for Fire-bars.

1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood III. viii. 195 Thrust it between the bars, pushing it in fiercely with the poker.

11. A transverse piece of wood making fast the head of a wine-cask. (If a cask is lying horizontal, wine is drawn from ‘below the bar,’ when it is more than half empty.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor > for wine > fastening pin

bar1520

bar-pin1611

1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. D.iiij This wyne drynketh lowe or vnder the barre, Hoc vinum languescit.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 331 All the emptie hogsheads..,and for sixe tunne of wyne, so many as should be dronke under the barre.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Empeigner le bout d'vne douve, to pin the barre of a peece of caske.

II. That which confines, encloses, limits, or obstructs, with no special reference to shape.

* A material barrier.

12. gen. A material structure, forming a secure enclosure, or obstructing entry or egress; a barrier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun]

bar1388

traverse1477

hedge1523

barrier1570

barricadoa1616

barricade1714

barbed wire1890

1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Jonah ii. 7 The barris of erthe closiden me togidere.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 963 Þe grete barrez of þe abyme he barst vp.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 417 With rebounding surge the barrs assaild.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 40 In equal Fight, From out the Bars to force his Opposite.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Bar, a boom formed of huge trees or spars lashed together, moored transversely across a port.

1872 R. Browning Fifine cxxii That caverned passage..a grim Bar-sinister, soon blocks abrupt your path.

13.

a. spec. A barrier closing the entrance into a city, formed originally of ‘posts, rails, and a chain.’ Afterwards applied to the gate by which these were replaced, as in Temple-bar, and the Bars or gates of York, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > a barrier at city entrance

barc1220

c1220 Legend St. Katherine 2348 Bihefden hire utewið þe barren of þe burhe.

1410 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 16 The Cherch of seynt Clementis wythowtyn Templebarr.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos lvi. 153 Slawghter made bothe of men and of horses by fore the barres of the towne.

1645 E. Pagitt Heresiogr. 39 A house without the barres at Algate.

1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 6 Barr, a Gate of a City, as Bootham Bar, Monkbar..in the City of York.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. at York There are four principal gates, or bars, as they are usually called.

b. A toll-house gate or barrier; cf. toll-bar n. at toll n.¹ Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > imposition or collecting of duties on goods > [noun] > toll-barrier

bar1540

turnpike1678

sidebar1760

toll-gate1773

barrier1804

toll-bar1813

pike1820

octroi1861

pay wicket1895

péage1973

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII xvii. §1 The said lane called Graies Inne Lane, from Holborne bars northward.

1813 Examiner 19 Apr. 243/1 The only light..was that shed by the toll-bar lamp, and..the bar is at a distance of about 150 yards.

†c. A hurdle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hurdle

hurdlec725

flakec1330

grater1598

wattle1640

bara1642

tray1829

slat1883

flake-hurdle1890

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 17 The seconde thinge belonginge to a barre is spelles... The third thinge belonginge to a barre is a dagger.

d. (Also in French form barre.) A horizontal bar fixed to the wall at waist level, serving as a support for dancers in certain of their exercises.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > ballet > [noun] > practice room and equipment

practice room1830

bar1883

practice dress1934

practice bar1936

1883 D. Cook On Stage II. i. 4 Then the pupil is taught to stand on one leg while extending the other until the foot rests upon a horizontal bar raised some four or five feet above the floor.

1922 C. W. Beaumont & S. Idzikowski Man. Theory & Pract. Class. Theatr. Dancing ii. i. 33 Generally the bar is of wood, and is fixed to the walls of the practice room in a horizontal position.

1936 A. L. Haskell Prelude to Ballet ii. 7 She performs her complicated routine, first hanging on to the barre, wooden counterpart to the hands of a partner.

1968 J. Winearls Mod. Dance (ed. 2) ii. 77 Exercises at the barre should be done daily in the same order.

†14. A defensive barrier, a bulwark. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > means of defence

hornc825

defencec1350

garnisonc1386

wall1412

fencec1440

defensoryc1475

fencing1489

muniment1546

frontier1589

bar1603

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xlvii. 154 Having so many Citties, Townes, Houlds, Castles, and Barres for his securitie.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. ii. 423 Vtica..the other maine fort, or barre of Africa.

15.

a. A bank of sand, silt, etc., across the mouth of a river or harbour, which obstructs navigation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > sandbank > [noun]

sand-ridgec1000

hurst1398

shelp1430

sand1495

ayre1539

bar1587

knock1587

sandbank1589

middle ground1653

middle1702

overslaugh1755

sandbar1767

sea-bank1828

tow-head1829

wharf1867

whale1905

horse1926

1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xxi. 16/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II The port or hauen of Dublin is a barred hauen, and no great ships..doo lie in a certeine rode without the barre.

1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia iii. 100 Our Pinace is past o're The barre; and rides before the Maiden-Towre.

1720 London Gaz. No. 5821/1 Three Ships were lost upon the Bar.

1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 100 Rivers which are, as usual in Japan, obstructed by a dangerous bar.

b. See bar-diggings n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > river bed or bank containing gold

bottom1852

bar1862

1862 R. C. Mayne Four Years in Brit. Columbia 65 Bars..all those places where gold is found and worked, on a river's bank, are called by that name.

16. Music. ‘A vertical line drawn across the stave to divide a musical composition into portions of equal duration, and to indicate the periodical recurrence of the accent’ (F. Taylor in Grove Dict. Music); also, the portion contained between two such lines, technically called the ‘measure.’ double bar: two parallel vertical lines, marking the close of a strain or section. attributive in bar-line.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > division into bars > bar

moisonc1380

measure1656

bar1658

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > division into bars > bar-line

bar1658

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > divisions according to rhythm

bar1781

spondee1861

duplet1922

1658 J. Playford Breif Introd. Skill Musick (new ed.) i. 39 Of Bars there are two sorts, the Single and the Double. The single Bar is used for the dividing the Time, according to the appropriated Measure of the Song or Lesson. The double Bars divides the Strains or Parts that the Lesson or Song is divided into.

1665 C. Simpson Princ. Pract. Mvs. 25 Distinguished by Strokes crossing the Lines, which..are called Bars.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic ii. i Will you play a few bars?

1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music i. 13 One note in every bar should be accented.

1881 G. A. Macfarren Counterpoint (ed. 3) 19 To continue a note for two bars or more is not melody.

1927 G. Grove Dict. Music (ed. 3) I. 219/1 A bar..is, literally, the straight line drawn across the stave to mark the metrical accent... In ordinary parlance that is now called the ‘bar-line’.

1959 Wimsatt & Beardsley in P.M.L.A. Dec. 589 Music—or at least music with bar-lines..—is precisely a time-measuring notation.

17. in plural bars: the game of ‘prisoner's base’ or ‘chevy.’ The players, after choosing sides, occupy two camps or enclosures, and any player leaving his or her enclosure is chased by one of the opposite side, and, if caught, made a prisoner. northern dialect in later use.See prisoners' bars n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > prisoner's base

barsc1400

base1440

barley-break1557

prison base1598

prison bar1602

stroke-bias1700

prisoners' bars1794

Scotch and English1802

prisoners' base1830

chevy1883

Molly Bright1883

c1400 MS. Cott. Cleop. D. ix. 156 b Þe children ournen at þe bars.

1450 Myrc 336 Bal and bares and suche play Out of chyrcheȝorde put away.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Barres, the play at Bace or Prison Bars.

a1795 J. Aikin & A. L. Barbauld Evenings at Home xvii. 276 At cricket, taw, and prison-bars, He bore away the bell.

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. ii. 71 A rustic game called base or bars, and in some places prisoners' bars.

** An immaterial barrier.

18. Law. A plea or objection of force sufficient to arrest entirely an action or claim at law.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > a pleading or plea > plea in bar

bar1495

autrefois convict1632

plea-in-bar1729

1495 Act 2 Hen. VII xxiv. §1 A sufficient barre of the seid atteynte.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V i. ii. 42 Faramont the founder of this law and female barre.

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 37^v Barre is when the defendant in any action pleadeth a plea which is a sufficient answer, and that destroyeth the action of the plaintife for ever.

1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. v. §410. 177 Such assignment shall not be a barre in a Scire facias.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 91/1 It is no bar to the validity of a patent.

19. figurative. An obstruction, obstacle; a barrier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle

hinderc1200

withsetting1340

obstaclec1385

traversea1393

mara1400

bayc1440

stoppagec1450

barrace1480

blocka1500

objecta1500

clog1526

stumbling-stone1526

bar1530

(to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548

stumbling-stock1548

hindrance1576

a log in one's way1579

crossbar1582

log1589

rub1589

threshold1600

scotch1601

dam1602

remora1604

obex1611

obstructiona1616

stumbling-blocka1616

fence1639

affront1642

retardance1645

stick1645

balk1660

obstruent1669

blockade1683

sprun1684

spoke1689

cross cause1696

uncomplaisance1707

barrier1712

obstruct1747

dike1770

abatis1808

underbrush1888

bunker1900

bump1909

sprag1914

hurdle1924

headwind1927

mudhole1933

monkey wrench1937

roadblock1945

1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xlv. f. cxviii^v Thys warantye ys no barre in conscyence thoughe it be a barre in the lawe.

1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) iii. 40 The special barre and obstacle that keeps men from Christ.

1713 J. Addison Cato i. ii His baffled arms, and ruined cause, Are bars to my ambition.

1782 E. Burke Penal Laws against Irish Catholics in Wks. (1801) VI. 272 Thereby fixing a permanent bar against any relief.

1876 L. Morris Epic of Hades ii. 14 Nature..has set this bar Betwixt success and failure.

20. Phrases: †to make bar of: to stop short at. †by the bar: by means of the very obstacle interposed. in bar (of, rarely to): as a sufficient reason or plea (against), to prevent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering [phrase] > by means of the obstacle interposed

by the barc1590

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > stop short of (some action)

to make bar ofc1590

to stop short of1817

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [phrase] > as sufficient reason to prevent

in bar (of, rarely to)a1715

c1590 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta i. ii In extremity We ought to make bar of no policy.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxv. ix. 279 By the barre, as one would say, whereof they continued..without taking any harme.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 463 Their protestations was only in barr to the Lords doing any thing besides the trial.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xii. 280 Danby..pleaded a pardon secretly obtained from the king, in bar of the prosecution.

1842 H. E. Manning Serm. xiv. 205 These are the habits of life which are pleaded in bar of the daily worship of God.

†21. A kind of false die, on which certain numbers are prevented from turning up. See barred adj. (dice).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > die or dice > false or loaded

stop-dice1540

bar1545

flat1545

gourd1545

barred dicec1555

bristle-dicec1555

fulhamc1555

graviersc1555

high manc1555

langretc1555

low manc1555

cheat1567

dice of vantage?1577

demy1591

forger1591

squarier1592

tallmen?1592

stop cater trey1605

demi-bar1606

downhill1664

high runner1670

low runner1670

doctor1688

tat1688

uphill1699

cut1711

loaded dice1771

dispatcher1798

dispatch1819

miss-out1928

1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 19 ^v Certayne termes..appropriate to theyr playing wherby they wyl drawe a mannes money, but paye none, whiche they cal barres.

1606 No-body & Some-body 1517 Those Demi-bars..Those bar Sizeaces.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Barr Dice, a species of false dice, so formed that they will not easily lie on certain sides.

III. A rail or barrier acquiring from its use special technical significance; the space it encloses.

* In a court of justice.

22.

a. The barrier or wooden rail marking off the immediate precinct of the judge's seat, at which prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or sentence.

ΚΠ

a1400 Cov. Myst. 314 Brynge forthe to the barre that arn to be dempt.

1520 Chron. Eng. vii. f. 102/2 He was ledde to barre before the kinges justyces.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. i. 13 The great Duke Came to the Bar; where, to his accusations He pleaded still not guilty.

1845 B. Disraeli Sybil III. v. ix. 119 Hurried like a criminal to the bar of a police office.

b. figurative. A tribunal, e.g. that of reason, public opinion, conscience.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > place of

barc1375

tribunal1635

forum1690

c1375 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. (1871) II. 186 Ech man mote nedis stonde at þe barre bifore Crist.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 153 All seuerall sinnes, all vsde in each degree, Throng to the barre, crying all guiltie, guiltie.

1665 J. Glanvill Scepsis Scientifica xiv. 88 When self is at the bar, the sentence is not like to be impartial.

1725 I. Watts Logick ii. iii. 341 Calling all the Principles of our younger Years to the Bar of more mature Reason.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. i. iv. 27 The Judgment-bar of the Most High God.

23.

a. This barrier, as the place at which all the business of the court was transacted, soon became synonymous with: Court; esp. in at (the) bar: in court, in open court. trial at bar: a trial before the full court in which the action or indictment is brought; in England, the Queen's Bench Division.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [adverb] > in court

at (the) barc1330

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > bar of tribunal

barc1330

barracec1613

public bar1654

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > trial > other types of trial

oyer?a1475

trial by proviso1676

political trial1774

drumhead court-martial1835

trial at bar1866

speedy trial1894

show trial1928

treason trial1930

war trial1949

split trial1960

spy trial1972

c1330 in Pol. Songs 339 Countours in benche that stondeth at the barre, Theih wolen bigile the.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 160 Seriauntes hij semede · þat seruen atte barre.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 173 Þis ȝere [1362] was ordeyned þat all plees at þe barre schuld be in Englisch tunge.

1549 R. Crowley Voyce Laste Trumpet sig. Ci^v Thou wylt stande at a barre ballyng.

1656 A. Cowley Pindaric Odes in Wks. I. 228 Thou neither great..at th' Exchange shalt be, nor at the wrangling Bar.

1689 Proc. & Tryal Archbishop of Canterbury & Right Rev. Fathers 44 We are very desirous it should be tryed at Bar.

1803 J. Marshall Writings upon Federal Constit. (1839) 2 These principles have been very ably argued at the bar.

1866 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 9 449/2 The first instance of a trial at bar has just occurred at Melbourne.

b. A (particular) court of law, esp. in the phrase to practise at (such a) bar. [Compare 25 – 26a.]

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > a particular

bar1559

law-bar1596

1559 [see sense 25a].

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. C7^v Notwithstanding that they [sc. lawiers] can be present but at one barre at once, yet will they take diuers fees of sundry clients to speake for them at three or foure places in one day.

1723 London Gaz. No. 6211/2 They went to the Exchequer Bar.

1841 J. W. Orderson Creoleana xiv. 152 Who was..expected out to practise at the Barbados bar.

1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) xix. 360 I have practised at the bar of the House of Lords.

** In the Inns of Court.

†24. A barrier or partition separating the seats of the benchers or readers from the rest of the hall, to which students, after they had attained a certain standing, were ‘called’ from the body of the hall, for the purpose of taking a principal part in the mootings or exercises of the house. Obsolete. See barrister n. Hence the phrases:— to be called to the bar: to be admitted a barrister. †to cast (also throw) over the bar: to deprive of the status of a barrister, to disbar; gen. to reject.¶After 1600, when utter-barristers, as well as sergeants and apprentices-at-law were allowed to plead in the law-courts, bar in these phrases seems to have been popularly assumed to mean the bar in a court of justice, outside of which ordinary barristers appear to plead, while King's Counsel and Sergeants-at-Law have places within it. Hence the modern phrase to be called within the bar: to be appointed King's (or Queen's) Counsel.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (intransitive)] > be admitted as barrister

to be called to the barc1545

proceed1640

to go to the bar1849

society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (transitive)] > deprive of status of lawyer > of barrister

to cast (also throw) over the barc1545

to pitch (a person) over the bar?1593

disbar1633

society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (intransitive)] > be a K.C. or Q.C.

to be called within the bar1768

to receive, obtain, or take silk1875

c1545 T. Denton et al. Return to Hen. VIII. of State of Inns of Court in Waterhouse Comment. on Fortescue (1663) 544 The whole company and fellowship of learners is divided..into three..degrees:..Benchers, or as they call them in some of the houses, Readers, Utter-Barresters, and Inner-Barresters..Utter-Barresters are such, that for their learning and continuance, are called by the Readers to plead and argue in the said house doubtful cases and questions..and are called Utter-Barresters for that they, when they argue the said Motes, sit uttermost on the formes which are called the Barr, and this degree is the chiefest..in the house, next the Benchers. All the residue of learners are called Inner-Barresters, which are the youngest men.

1574 in W. P. Baildon Black Bks. (Rec. Soc. Lincoln's Inn) (1897) I. 391 None to be called to the Utter Barre but by the ordynarie Counsell of the House..in terme tyme.

1608 2nd Pt. Def. Reas. Refus. Subscr. 160 His note that Zanchy maketh no doubt..maie be caste over the barre.

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis iii. xxii. 221 If any Clyent bribeth..the Lawier that receiueth, shall be cast ouer the Barre.

1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 48 I was call'd to the Barre six yeares agoe.

1701 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 69 A Yorkshire attorney..had his gown pulled off, and he thrown over the bar, for disobeying the rules of that court.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 89. ¶1 He was called to the Bar.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. xxviii These [barristers having patents of precedence]..rank promiscuously with the king's counsel, and together with them sit within the bar of the respective courts.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 54 A year or two before Call'd to the bar.

1885 Law Jrnl. 13 June 364/1 That his Royal Highness Prince Albert Victor of Wales be called to the degree of the Utter Bar.

25.

a. The whole body of barristers, or spec. the barristers practising in a particular court, circuit, or country. (Cf. 23b.)

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > collectively

bar1559

1559 Ord. Judges in Dugdale Orig. Jurid. (1671) 310 That an exhortation should be given to the utter Barr that none should come to any Barr at Westminster..under ten years continuance.

1695 Polit. Ballads (1860) II. 50 The Bar, the Pulpit and the Press Nefariously combine.

1864 Times 4 Nov. The dinner to be given by the English Bar to M. Berryer.

b. The counsel retained in a particular case.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > those retained in a particular case

counsel1393

bar1891

1891 E. Kinglake Austral. at Home 36 He had as strong a Bar as could be retained on his side.

1892 Daily News 25 Mar. 5/2 There has rarely been such a Bar in any modern case, either for quantity or for quality. Sir Charles Russell, the Attorney-General, the Solicitor-General, Sir Henry James, Mr. Inderwick, and Mr. Tindal Atkinson were but a few of them.

26.

a. abstractly (combining 23 and 24): Occupation as counsel in a court of justice; the profession of a barrister.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > [noun] > occupation as barrister

bar1632

1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry i. sig. C3 Your fees are boundlesse at the barre.

1709 R. Steele & J. Addison Tatler No. 101. ⁋1 A Lawyer, who leaves the Bar for Chamber-Practice.

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) II. 586/2 He cultivated oratory, most particularly that of the bar.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar viii. 84 He chose the bar for his profession.

b. to go to the bar: to become a barrister.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (intransitive)] > be admitted as barrister

to be called to the barc1545

proceed1640

to go to the bar1849

1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 37/1 I should have bid adieu to the Muses, and gone to the bar.

*** In legislative assemblies.

27. The rail or barrier dividing from the body of the house a space near the door, to which non-members may be admitted for business purposes.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > place of meeting > parts of

bar1583

lobby1640

gallery1753

1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum ii. ii. 37 They [sc. the Commons] comming al with him [sc. the Speaker] to a barre, which is at the nether ende of the vpper house.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 349 Giving an account of his government at the bar of the same assembly.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 520 The people of Bristol..sent up a deputation which was heard at the bar of the Commons.

**** In an inn, or other place of refreshment.

28.

a. A barrier or counter, over which drink (or food) is served out to customers, in an inn, hotel, or tavern, and hence, in a coffee-house, at a railway-station, etc.; also, the space behind this barrier, and sometimes the whole apartment containing it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar > bar-counter

bar1592

bar-board1715

bar-counter1842

zinc1914

1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. D He was well acquainted with one of the seruants..of whom he could haue two pennyworth of Rose-water for a peny..wherefore he would step to the barre vnto him.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iii. 67 Bring your hand to'th Buttry barre, and let it drinke.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 403. ¶9 [I] laid down my Penny at the Barr..and made the best of my way to Cheapside.

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. xii. 214 He sees the girl in the bar.

1837 N. Hawthorne Amer. Notebks. (1972) ii. 39 A bottle of champagne quaffed at the bar.

b. With defining word: a shop counter at which a particular item or group of items is sold. Originally U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop-fittings > counter

show-board1453

shop board1516

counter1688

bar1954

1954 Word Study Feb. 4/1 In a New Jersey suburban town someone has opened what she calls ‘Mi-Lady's Corset Bar’. From its wares mi-lady probably gets food for thought.

1965 Harper's Bazaar May 27 The..stocking bar.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. In sense 1, as bar-lock, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > other types of lock

inlock1488

treble lock1680

French lock1787

ringlock1789

thumb-lock1801

bar-lock1828

permutation lock1835

check-lock1850

pin lock1851

time lock1858

garret-lock1860

dead lock1866

seal-lock1871

dead-latch1874

Bramah-lock1875

cylinder lock1878

police lock1910

ziplock1956

solenoid lock1976

D-lock1990

1828 F. Watkins Pop. Sketch Electro-magn. 18 A fundamental principle of magnetism may be shown by freely suspending on its centre of gravity an artificial bar magnet.

1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 118 The new bar-suspension-bridge.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §40. 141 The exact polar arrangement of an ordinary bar-magnet.

1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) i. i. xi. §1 The back-actioned lock does not speak so well as the old bar-lock.

b. In senses 23 – 26a, as bar-anecdote, bar-oratory.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > for specific occasion, purpose, or cause

bar-oratorya1754

mob-oratory1846

stumping1865

keynoting1889

soap-boxing1919

Limehousing1920

tub-thumpery1927

soap-box1928

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > anecdote > [noun] > type of

royalties1748

bar-anecdotea1754

a1754 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 330 The habitual chicanes of bar-oratory.

1820 (title) Cut and Come again, or Humorous Bar Anecdotes.

c. (In sense 28.)

(a)

bar-board n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar > bar-counter

bar1592

bar-board1715

bar-counter1842

zinc1914

1715 S. Centlivre Gotham Election i. i. 27 Zome that like your Port Wines still, but very few..as my Barboard can witness.

bar-boy n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > boy who cleans fire-bars

bar-boy1881

1881 M. Reynolds Engine-driving Life 7 A bar-boy..has to creep through the fire-hole door of the engine..to arrange the fire-bars, etc.

bar-counter n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar > bar-counter

bar1592

bar-board1715

bar-counter1842

zinc1914

1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. vi. 218 He finishes by leaping gloriously on the bar-counter, and calling for something to drink.

1945 A. Koestler Twilight Bar 1 (stage direct.) At front, left, semicircular bar counter with high bar-stools.

bar-girl n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid

tapsterc1000

drawer1379

wine-drawer1415

birlerc1440

shenkerc1440

trayer1473

tranter1500

skinker1575

lick-spigot1599

shot-shark1600

runner1601

skink1603

Hebe1606

Ganymede1608

squire of the gimlet1611

skinkard1615

bombard-man1616

bar-boy1631

faucet1631

tapstress1631

potman1652

barmaida1658

pot-boyc1662

tavern-drawer1709

tavern-boy1796

pot-girl1797

tap-boy1801

knight of the spigot1821

pewter-carrier1834

bartender1836

tap-waiter1836

barman1837

beer-boy1841

mixologist1856

bar-girl1857

mixer1858

gin slinger1871

swamper1907

tap-man1907

pot-woman1918

bar-staff1965

bar-person1976

1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago III. vi. 165 The bar girl, who knew his humour, came forward.

1870 D. J. Kirwan Palace & Hovel (1963) viii. 82 A little girl, with a bold face..acted as a bar-girl.

1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 Apr. 262/4 Changes in postwar Japan: the popularity of ‘bar-girls’, the modern substitute for geisha.

1968 Listener 23 May 657/1 Few Americans now are seen in central Saigon;..respectable girls will now venture down Tu Do Street, which the bar girls have abandoned.

bar-loafer n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > lazy person > an idler or loafer > in specific place

market beaterc1405

market dasher1440

market runner?c1475

benchera1533

bench-whistler1542

bench-babbler1549

Paul's man1616

Paul's-walker1658

benchwarmer1662

round-towner1775

wharf-rat1823

boulevardier1879

sidewalk superintendent1879

bar-loafer1889

stoepsitter1934

beach bum1962

1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 30 Aug. 2/3 The mere bar loafers at these concerts.

bar-person n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid

tapsterc1000

drawer1379

wine-drawer1415

birlerc1440

shenkerc1440

trayer1473

tranter1500

skinker1575

lick-spigot1599

shot-shark1600

runner1601

skink1603

Hebe1606

Ganymede1608

squire of the gimlet1611

skinkard1615

bombard-man1616

bar-boy1631

faucet1631

tapstress1631

potman1652

barmaida1658

pot-boyc1662

tavern-drawer1709

tavern-boy1796

pot-girl1797

tap-boy1801

knight of the spigot1821

pewter-carrier1834

bartender1836

tap-waiter1836

barman1837

beer-boy1841

mixologist1856

bar-girl1857

mixer1858

gin slinger1871

swamper1907

tap-man1907

pot-woman1918

bar-staff1965

bar-person1976

1976 Evening Standard 14 June 25/8 (advt.) Bar person, experienced, required... Barperson required.

1982 Financial Times 8 May 9/1 Shop assistants seem more inclined to perform their function, bar persons and patrons more disposed to know you, and at petrol pumps your number plate..attracts suitable comment.

bar-snack n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > pub-food

bar-snack1959

pub grub1964

pub food1970

1959 in W. R. Bawden Tankard Trails (Charles Wells Ltd.) 96 (advt.) The Peacock Hotel Mill Street Bedford Bar lunches & snacks.

1969 in W. R. Bawden Tankard Trails (Charles Wells Ltd.) (new ed.) 93 (advt.) The Duke Inn Kempston... Bar snacks at all times.

1978 Morecambe Guardian 14 Mar. 14 (advt.) Bar snacks and basket meals available.

1986 N.Y. Times 29 June x17/6 Lattice House is a recently restored timber-framed pub... Serves real ale, a lunch menu and bar snacks in the evening.

bar-staff n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid

tapsterc1000

drawer1379

wine-drawer1415

birlerc1440

shenkerc1440

trayer1473

tranter1500

skinker1575

lick-spigot1599

shot-shark1600

runner1601

skink1603

Hebe1606

Ganymede1608

squire of the gimlet1611

skinkard1615

bombard-man1616

bar-boy1631

faucet1631

tapstress1631

potman1652

barmaida1658

pot-boyc1662

tavern-drawer1709

tavern-boy1796

pot-girl1797

tap-boy1801

knight of the spigot1821

pewter-carrier1834

bartender1836

tap-waiter1836

barman1837

beer-boy1841

mixologist1856

bar-girl1857

mixer1858

gin slinger1871

swamper1907

tap-man1907

pot-woman1918

bar-staff1965

bar-person1976

1965 J. H. Coombs Bar Service p. ix Although primarily written for learner bar-staff this manual can be equally valuable to prospective brewery Tenants.

1986 Financial Times 24 Sept. i. 17/4 About 100,000 club stewards and bar staff in public houses and clubs learnt yesterday that they face a pay cut before Christmas.

bar-stool n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > stool > [noun] > other stools

standing stool1578

Turkey stool1640

back-stool1762

bar-stool1922

riempie stool1933

step-stool1966

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 430 Bob Doran, toppling from a high barstool, sways over the munching spaniel.

bar-window n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > other types of window

loop1393

shot-windowc1405

gable window1428

batement light1445

church window1458

shot1513

casement1538

dream-hole1559

luket1564

draw window1567

loop-window1574

loophole1591

tower-windowc1593

thorough lights1600

squinch1602

turret window1603

slit1607

close-shuts1615

gutter window1620

street lighta1625

balcony-window1635

clere-story window1679

slip1730

air-loop1758

Venetian1766

Venetian window1775

sidelight1779

lancet window1781

French casement1804

double window1819

couplet1844

spire-light1846

lancet1848

tower-light1848

triplet1849

bar-window1857

pair-light1868

nook window1878

coupled windows1881

three-light1908–9

north-light1919

storm window1933

borrowed light1934

Thermopane1941

storms1952

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iv. 84 The red curtains of the bar-window.

(b)

bar-loafing adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > behaviour > specific

bar-loafing1889

1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 20 Sept. 2/5 The horse-collar bar-loafing buffoonery.

d. Also barmaid n., barman n. 3.

bar-parlour n.

bar-room n.

C2. Special combinations:

bar-armature n. Electrical Engineering a bar-wound armature.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > armature > [noun] > types of

ring armature1873

drum winding1886

bar-armature1888

shuttle armature1890

shuttle-wound armature1893

slotted armature1902

1888 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 3) Index 646 Bar Armatures.

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 40/1 Bar armature, a large armature in which the windings are built up of copper bars instead of continuous wire.

bar-bell n. a steel bar weighted with a ball of iron at each end, used as a dumb-bell.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > equipment > dumb-bells

halteres1541

dumb-bell1785

bar-bell1887

1887 Hour Glass 1 17 A complete set of dumb-bell, bar-bell, marching and running exercises.

1895 Cal. Univ. Nebraska 1895–6 252 The gymnasium..is well equipped with clubs, wands, bar bells, and dumb bells.

bar billiards n. a variation of billiards popular in bars and public houses, in which points are scored by striking the object balls into holes in the table, and penalties incurred if the wooden pegs that stand near the holes are knocked over.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > varieties of game

carambole1775

portobello1777

carambole game1807

go-back game1839

pyramid1850

pin pool1864

shell-out1866

pocket billiards1871

pocket pool1877

snooker('s) pool1889

puff billiards1897

kelly1898

slosh1938

bar billiards1966

1966 T. Finn Watney Bk. Pub Games iii. 21 Bar billiards is of French origin, reaching this country some years ago, and spreading steadily from urban to rural areas.

1969 J. Wainwright Take-over Men viii. 136 Doing!.. What the hell d'you think I'm doing? Playing bar-billiards?

1982 Financial Times 3 Apr. i. 15/2 It is hard to imagine some of the other games—bar billiards, eight-ball pool, shove-ha'penny—working very well on the small screen.

bar-boat n. (a) one marking the position of a bar (sense 15); (b) a boat adapted for carrying goods across the bar of a river.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > other vessels marking danger

bar-boat1857

bell-boat1858

automatic pilot1897

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel for transporting people or goods > [noun] > ferry > types of

toni1582

horse-boat1591

bac1676

ferry bridge1696

rope-ferry1755

pont1776

ferry flat1805

steam-ferry1812

steam ferry-boat1812

night boat1839

bar-boat1857

train ferry-boat1867

car ferry1884

grind1889

swinging-bridge1892

train ferry1900

night ferry1948

SeaCat1954

walla-walla1957

1857 C. Gribble in Mercantile Marine Mag. (1858) 5 4 The Bar-boat on he C. W. Bar.

1883 C. A. Moloney W. Afr. Fisheries 17 Bar-boats of seven to eight tons have been used at Lagos.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 635 [It is] too bad a bar for boats to cross; but a steamer on the Lagos bar boat plan might manage it.

bar-boy n. a boy employed to fix and clean the fire-bars of a locomotive engine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid

tapsterc1000

drawer1379

wine-drawer1415

birlerc1440

shenkerc1440

trayer1473

tranter1500

skinker1575

lick-spigot1599

shot-shark1600

runner1601

skink1603

Hebe1606

Ganymede1608

squire of the gimlet1611

skinkard1615

bombard-man1616

bar-boy1631

faucet1631

tapstress1631

potman1652

barmaida1658

pot-boyc1662

tavern-drawer1709

tavern-boy1796

pot-girl1797

tap-boy1801

knight of the spigot1821

pewter-carrier1834

bartender1836

tap-waiter1836

barman1837

beer-boy1841

mixologist1856

bar-girl1857

mixer1858

gin slinger1871

swamper1907

tap-man1907

pot-woman1918

bar-staff1965

bar-person1976

1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 1st Pt. ii. 14 The next Vintage I hope to be Barre-boy.

bar-button n. one in the shape of a bar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > fastenings > button > types of

hair-button1593

frog1635

bar-button1685

frost button1686

sleeve-button1686

berry-button1702

stud1715

pearl button1717

breast button1742

bell-button1775

shell button1789

red button1797

olivet1819

bullet-buttons1823

basket-button1836

all-over1838

top1852

olive1890

pearly1890

nail head1892

1685 London Gaz. No. 2072/4 And bar Buttons on the Coat sleeves.

bar chart n. = bar diagram n. below.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram > graph > type of

wave-line1888

periodogram1898

periodograph1899

Lorenz curve1909

bar chart1914

growth curve1916

bar diagram1923

bar graph1925

line graph1956

1914 Engin. Mag. Nov. 229/2 The horizontal scale for this curve is exactly the same as for the bar chart above.

1935 N.Y. Times 15 Sept. x. 6/4 Curves and bar charts are not easily remembered because the reader has seen other curves and bars..showing totally different facts.

1962 A. Battersby Guide to Stock Control iii. 26 We can draw a conventional ‘bar-chart’ or ‘histogram’ as in Fig. 9 by first grouping the figures into classes or ‘slices’ of the same range.

1985 Which Computer? Apr. 53/3 The word processor, for example, can leave space in a document for a bar chart produced by the spreadsheet.

bar-code n. a machine-readable code consisting of a series of alternating lines and spaces of varying width, used esp. for stock control; cf. Universal Product Code n. at universal adj., n., and adv. Compounds; hence as v. transitive, to mark or provide with a bar-code.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [noun] > machine readable code

bar-code1963

society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > mark for identification [verb (transitive)] > mark or provide with a bar-code

bar-code1963

1963 W. J. Bijleveld Automatic Reading of Digits vi. 47 Addressograph-Multigraph suggests the use of digits with an external bar code... The digits with their bar-code to match are shown in fig. 67.

1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing iii. 62 Certain cash registers can record a machine-readable bar code on the internal control tape with ink.

1978 Publishers Weekly 10 Apr. 36 The Council of Periodical Distributors has asked mass market publishers to..‘bar-code’ their books, so that distributors will be able to provide sales and returns information to publishers with greater speed.

1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xv. 85 Optical reading is done by using printed ‘bar-codes’; ie alternating lines and spaces which represent data in binary.

1982 Times 23 Apr. 23/2 Manufacturers are bar-coding enough goods to make laser scanning an attractive commercial proposition.

1984 Listener 5 July 20/1 Have you ever tried to..talk to Ms. E. Budworth..about ISBN numbers and barcodes?

bar-coded adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [adjective] > marked with a bar-code

bar-coded1973

1973 Courier & Advertiser (Dundee) 21 Feb. 7/1 The 280's light pen will ‘read’ information from colour bar coded tags and data from 48 terminals can be fed into a central data unit and recorded on magnetic tape ready for computer processing.

1983 Listener 29 Sept. 38/4 With your special receiver and bar-coded Radio Times, you move a light-pen over the code for a selected programme.

bar-coding n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [noun] > machine readable code > providing with a bar-code

bar-coding1977

1977 Grocer 3 Sept. 75/3 Article numbering and bar coding will offer..important benefits in terms of more efficient stock control.

1980 Daily Tel. 14 July 18/4 Bar-coding does away with the costly business of pricing each individual item and provides the customer with a print-out at the till of what was purchased.

bar-cutter n. a shearing machine for cutting metallic bars into lengths; a shearing-machine for cutting metallic bars into lengths; a workman who passes the metal through the machine.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > cutting equipment > machines

slitting-mill?1677

slit-mill1776

shear1845

nail cutter1851

plate shears1861

bar-cutter1874

paper cutter1880

guillotine1881

croppera1884

guillotine shears1884

nibbler1939

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > worker involved in shearing metal

bar-cutter1874

shearer?1881

shearman?1881

cropper1921

1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 229/2 Bar-cutter (Metal-working), a shearing-machine which cuts metallic bars into lengths.

1904 Westm. Gaz. 13 June 7/2 He gives bar-cutters an advance of a halfpenny per ton.

bar diagram n. a statistical diagram in which numerical quantities are represented by the height or length of rectangles of equal width, drawn usually side by side along an axis.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram > graph > type of

wave-line1888

periodogram1898

periodograph1899

Lorenz curve1909

bar chart1914

growth curve1916

bar diagram1923

bar graph1925

line graph1956

1923 R. Pearl Introd. Med. Biometry & Statistics vi. 109 Bar diagrams find perhaps their most appropriate field of usefulness in the graphic representation of discontinuous variates.

1956 Biometrika 43 245 He illustrated his British Family Antiquity with several beautifully executed bar diagrams…This type of diagram, Playfair conceded, had long been used in chronology.

bar-diggings n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > staking claims > gold washing claims

bar-diggings1881

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 105 Bar-diggings, gold-washing claims located on the bars (shallows) of a stream.

bar-fee n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > jailer's fee

bar-fee1641

civility money1694

jailage1853

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 38 Barre fee is a fee of twenty pence, which every prisoner acquitted of Felony payes to the Gaoler.

bar-frame adj. (also bar-framed) (of a beehive) fitted with bars instead of sections.

ΚΠ

1881 Gardening Illustr. 7 May 123/3 There would be no difficulty whatever in putting swarms of bees into a bar-frame hive, provided it has a movable top and floor-board.

1892 Garden 27 Aug. 188 Two and three-quarter supers from each bar frame hive have not been uncommon ‘takes,’ and the honey is remarkably good.

1906 Daily Chron. 18 June 6/6 Bar-frame beehives.

1906 Daily Chron. 1 Sept. 6/4 Bar-framed hives.

bar-frame n. the frame which supports the metallic bars of a furnace.

ΚΠ

1857 Engineer 9 Jan. 38/3 The scrapers are guided in a parallel iron bar frame.

† bar-gate n. Obsolete a barrier-gate; also figurative (cf. sense 14).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > gate > other types of gate

hatchOE

leap-gate980

clicket gate?1499

court-gate1540

bar-gate1600

out-gate1648

hatch door1689

six-bar1711

heave-gate1736

farm gate1785

barrier-gate1834

Taranaki gate1937

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. ix. 222 Those two townes stood even against Hetruria, as it were the very keies and bar-gates [L. claustra] from thence.

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 574 Valiantly defending..the Barre-yates and entrance into the Towne.

bar-gemel n. (see 6).

bar-gown n. a lawyer's gown, figurative a lawyer.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate

advocatec1384

oratorc1384

prolocutor1493

counsellor1530

barristerc1545

barman1657

bar-gown1664

counsel1709

limb of the bar1815

blue bag1817

actor1875

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > robe or gown > types of > lawyer's robe

pavilionc1400

bar-gown1664

1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 132 Others believe no Voice t' an Organ; So sweet as Lawyers in his Bar-gown.

1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin i. 4 Troops of Barr-gowns rang'd under her Banner.

bar graph n. = bar diagram n. above.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram > graph > type of

wave-line1888

periodogram1898

periodograph1899

Lorenz curve1909

bar chart1914

growth curve1916

bar diagram1923

bar graph1925

line graph1956

1925 B. F. Young Statistics in Business xxx. 316 Bar-graphs in the form of progress charts are used to represent a changing condition such as the output of a factory.

1952 F. J. Monkhouse & H. R. Wilkinson Maps & Diagrams i. 27 Columnar diagrams, sometimes known as bar-graphs, consist of a series of columns or bars proportional in length to the quantities they represent.

1978 Gramophone June 122/3 This makes it possible to produce a real-time bar-graph frequency analysis in octave bands displayed on an ordinary television set.

bar-head goose n. ( also bar-headed goose) a goose found in India and central Asia, Anser indicus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > [noun] > member of subfamily Anserinea (goose) > unspecified and miscellaneous types of

quink1550

rin goose1639

wavey1705

snow-goose1771

bean-goose1776

Ross's goose1873

bar-head goose1879

saddleback1885

1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 777/2 The Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus).

1924 Glasgow Herald 29 July 8 The barhead goose and the ruddy sheldrak collect in flocks on the Tibetan swamps.

bar-hive n. a bar-framed beehive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > types of

winter stalla1300

remover1623

swarmer1855

bar-hive1884

1884 J. Phin Dict. Apiculture 70 Bars, strips of wood to which combs are attached, and from which they hang in bar-hives.

bar-iron n. iron wrought into malleable bars.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > bar-iron

bar-iron1677

1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 57 Infinite quantities of Raw Iron..with Bar Iron and Wire.

1860 H. Stuart Novice's or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 59 The best bar-iron is obtained from Sweden.

bar-keel n. one composed of rectangular bars of iron or steel.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel > types of

sliding keel1797

centreboard1828

bilge-keel1850

ram1851

rocker1859

sidebar keel1869

bar-keel1874

plate-keel1874

bilge-piece1880

fin1885

bulb-keel1893

fin-keel1893

ballast fin1894

bulb-fin1894

plate1895

drop-keel1896

1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. iv. xvii. 268 The Bar Keel..is generally of hammered iron, made in pieces as long as can be conveniently forged.

bar-keep n. U.S. a bar-keeper (for refreshments).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > inn or tavern keeping > innkeeper

tappera1000

tapsterc1000

wifeOE

taverner1340

gannekerc1380

tippler1396

alewifec1400

vintnerc1430

alehouse-keeperc1440

ale-taker1454

innholder1463

cellarman1547

ale draper?1593

pint pot1598

ale-man1600

nick-pot1602

tavern-keeper1611

beer-monger1622

kaniker1630

ordinary keeper1644

padrone1670

tap-lash?1680

ale-dame1694

public house keeper1704

bar-keeper1712

publican1728

tavern-man1755

Boniface1795

knight of the spigot1821

licensed victualler1824

thermopolite1832

bar-keep1846

saloon-keeper1849

posadero1851

Wirt1858

bung1860

changer1876

patron1878

bar-tender1883

soda-jerker1883

bar steward1888

pub-keeper1913

1846 Spirit of Times (N.Y.) 4 July 218/2 We embarked..in company with..a barkeep to mix the l-q-rs.

1902 R. Kipling Captive in Traffics & Discov. (1904) 8 Take away his hair and his gun and he'd make a first-class Schenectady bar-keep.

1918 H. A. Vachell Some Happenings i. 2 Hobo listened attentively to the bar-keep.

1926 B. Cronin Red Dawson vii There's no one with her but Lee Wing and the bar-keep.

bar-keeper n. one who keeps or manages a bar for refreshments, who keeps a toll-bar, or keeps guard at a barrier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > inn or tavern keeping > innkeeper

tappera1000

tapsterc1000

wifeOE

taverner1340

gannekerc1380

tippler1396

alewifec1400

vintnerc1430

alehouse-keeperc1440

ale-taker1454

innholder1463

cellarman1547

ale draper?1593

pint pot1598

ale-man1600

nick-pot1602

tavern-keeper1611

beer-monger1622

kaniker1630

ordinary keeper1644

padrone1670

tap-lash?1680

ale-dame1694

public house keeper1704

bar-keeper1712

publican1728

tavern-man1755

Boniface1795

knight of the spigot1821

licensed victualler1824

thermopolite1832

bar-keep1846

saloon-keeper1849

posadero1851

Wirt1858

bung1860

changer1876

patron1878

bar-tender1883

soda-jerker1883

bar steward1888

pub-keeper1913

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > other English officials

wicknerc1000

purveyorc1425

remembrancer1431

Clerk of the Market1451

secondary1461

water bailiff1590

Master of the Jewel House1597

clerk of the remembrance1607

well-reeve?1648

stairer1695

bar-keeper1818

waste-inspector1898

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 534. ⁋5 I am..bar-keeper of a coffee-house.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiv. 218 Miss Williams..was hired in quality of bar-keeper.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ix, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 226 Securing, through his interest with the bar-keepers and macers, a seat for Deans.

1883 Harper's Mag. May 820/2 The firm of barkeepers.

bar magnet n. a magnet in the form of a straight bar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > [noun] > polarized material

bar magnet1821

electret1885

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > magnet

bar magnet1821

electromagnet1821

tension magnet1891

growler1922

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [noun] > a magnet > of specific shape

terrella1613

horseshoe magnet1785

bar magnet1821

U-magnet1888

1821 R. Phillips Let. 12 Sept. in M. Faraday Corr. (1991) I. 223 I think the analogy between the helix & common bar magnet far stronger than before.

1894 S. R. Bottone Electr. Instr. Making (ed. 6) 156 A bar-magnet, around one pole of which is coiled about a hundred feet of..copper wire.

1992 Prediction May 20/2 The simple bar magnet analogy is a good expression of the dipole form of Earth's magnetism.

bar-movement n. a type of watch movement in which the upper pivots are carried in bars.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > parts of

barrel1591

motion1605

bezel1616

fusee1622

string1638

crown wheel1646

out-case1651

watch-box1656

nuck1664

watchwork1667

balance-wheel1669

box1675

dial wheel1675

counter-potence1678

pendulum-balance1680

watch-case1681

pillar1684

contrate teeth1696

pinion of report1696

watch-hook1698

bob-balance1701

half-cock1701

potence1704

verge1704

pad1705

movable1709

jewel1711

pendant1721

crystal1722

watch-key1723

pendulum spring1728

lock spring1741

watch-glass1742

watch-spring1761

all-or-nothing piece1764

watch hand1764

cylinder1765

cannon?1780

cannon1802

stackfreed1819

pillar plate1821

little hand1829

hair-spring1830

lunette1832

all-or-nothing1843

locking1851

slag1857

staff1860

case spring1866

stem1866

balance-cock1874

watch-dial1875

balance-spring1881

balance-staff1881

Breguet spring1881

overcoil1881

surprise-piece1881

brass edge1884

button turn1884

fourth wheel1884

fusee-sink1884

pair-case1884

silver bar1884

silver piece1884

slang1884

top plate1884

karrusel1893

watch-face1893

watch bracelet1896

bar-movement1903

jewel pivot1907

jewel bearing1954

1903 F. J. Garrard Watch Repairing i. 1 To describe, in general terms, the mechanism of a watch..a Geneva ‘bar’ movement will be used as an illustration..as its ‘bar’ construction enables all the wheelwork to be seen.

1962 E. Bruton Dict. Clocks & Watches 21 Bar movement, early form of partly machine-made watch movement in which bars, or bridges and cocks, are used to hold bearings for one pivot of each wheel, for easy dismantling.

bar-parlour n. a small room adjoining the bar of a public-house.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tavern or public house > parlour or snug

parlour1631

box1691

grocery1806

snuggery1829

snug1838

snug1860

bar-parlour1876

beer-parlour1925

1876 E. Jenkins Blot on Queen's Head 4 To hold meetings in the bar-parlour and the coffee-room.

bar-pin n. (see sense 11).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor > for wine > fastening pin

bar1520

bar-pin1611

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Empeigne, the barre-pinnes of a peece of caske.

bar-point n. the point or division nearest the bar in the outer ‘table’ of a backgammon board.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > backgammon > [noun] > board > point > specific point

size-point1552

bar-point1743

trois point1745

cinque-point1778

1743 E. Hoyle Backgammon ii. 10 The next best Point (after you have gained your Cinq. Point) is to make your Barr Point.

?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle Backgammon 142 The next best point..is to make your bar-point.

bar-post n. the post which receives the ends of movable bars used instead of a gate.

bar-room n. the public room containing the bar in a tavern or hotel, a taproom; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar

tapstryc1460

ale stand1588

tap1725

bar-room1797

taproom1807

estaminet1814

saloon1841

sample room1865

cantina1892

mahogany1896

beverage room1936

spit and sawdust1937

1797 J. Hiltzheimer Diary 28 July (1893) 245 Seider's contrivance for bringing water from a spring in his garden, through pipes into his bar-room.

1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. III. lxxx. 231 The bar-room of a public-house is what in England is called a tap-room.

1839 C. M. Kirkland New Home i. 9 When my husband..drew with a piece of chalk on the bar-room table at Danforth's the plan of a village.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xvi. 203 Major Pawkins proposed an adjournment to a neighbouring bar-room.

1946 W. H. Auden in H. James Amer. Scene (new ed.) Introd. p. v One can easily imagine Stendhal or Tolstoi or Dostoievsky becoming involved in a bar-room fight, but James, never.

1954 Encounter Mar. 19/1 Those women in Western movies who share the hero's understanding of life are prostitutes (or, as they are usually presented, bar-room entertainers).

bar-share plough n. one with a bar extending backward from the point of the share.

bar-shear n. = (bar-cutter n.).

bar-shoe n. a horseshoe with a bar across the hinder part to protect the tender frog of the heel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > horseshoe > types of horseshoe

remove1512

lunette1566

half-moon shoe1607

pancelet1607

plate1607

patten shoe1639

linnet-hole1662

cross-bar shoe1675

interfering shoe1678

pantofle shoe1696

panton shoe1696

cutting-shoe1711

skim1795

skimmer1801

bar-shoe1831

sandal1831

tip1831

racket1846

hipposandal1847

slipper1903

stumbling-shoe1908

mud-shoe1940

1831 W. Youatt Horse (1872) xx. 437 A bar-shoe is the common shoe with the heels carried round to meet each other, thus forming a bar.

1832 M. R. Mitford Our Village V. 90 Colman thinks it's only a prick..and advises one of his bar shoes.

bar-shot n. a double shot consisting of two half cannon-balls joined by an iron bar, used in sea-warfare to injure masts and rigging.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shot collectively > shot > of large guns

fricasseec1575

murdering shot1583

chain-shota1586

crossbar1589

cross-bar shot1591

case shot1599

langrel1627

trundle-shot1627

partridge1635

chain-bullet1636

pelican1639

case1642

spike-shota1661

double-head1678

double-headed shot1678

partridge-shot1683

grape1687

burrel-shot1706

double1707

angel-shot1730

grapeshot1747

star shot1753

bar-shot1756

langrage1769

canister1801

stang-ball1802

chain1804

canister-shot1809

tier-shot1828

pot-leg1852

six-pounder1855

shunt shot1864

sand-shot1867

mitraille1868

1756 Gentleman's Mag. 26 506 The great quantity of bar-shot..which the French fired in upon us, tore our sails.

bar-silver n. silver in bars (cf. 3).

bar-soap n. soap made up into bars as distinguished from soap in cakes or tablets; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > form of soap

soft soap?a1425

washing-ball1538

ball1575

tablet1582

musk ball1589

liquid soap1600

soap-ball1601

wash-ball1601

savonette1702

brick soap1753

bar-soap1824

bar1834

sand-ball1846

soap powder1865

leaf1882

soap leaf1909

soap flakes1926

shower gel1970

1824 Catawba Jrnl. (Charlotte, N. Carolina) 26 Oct. 10 [dozen] Bar Soap.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It iv. 41 A piece of yellow bar soap.

1893 Earl of Dunmore Pamirs I. 64 Some common yellow bar-soap.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 25 Oct. 7/2 Bar-soap sellers.

bar-super n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > parts of

moutha1398

stool?1523

skirt1555

hackle1609

smoot1615

imp1618

bolster1623

cop1623

underlaya1642

hack1658

tee-hole1669

frame1673

hood1686

alighting board1780

body box1823

superhive1847

super1855

quilt1870

queen excluder1881

bar-super1884

brood box1888

1884 J. Phin Dict. Apiculture 70 A bar super is simply a case or crate in which the honeycomb is hung from bars.

bar tacker n. (see quot.); so bar tack, bar-tacking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > sewing > sewing in other ways > one who

hemmer1483

baster1854

machinist1879

sewing machinist?1881

whipper?1881

machiner1888

tucker1905

Blake-sewer1921

overlocker1921

bar tacker1924

hemminga1300

back-stitch1611

buttonholing1828

felling1840

pintucking1903

stab-stitching1917

prick-stitching1952

bar tack1955

bar-tacking1959

pad stitching1960

1924 Census 1921: Classif. Industries §419 Bar Tacker, [1927 Dict. Occup. Terms 'baists or tacks round butttonholes of tailored garments, to keep parts together before holes are cut'].

1955 J. E. Liberty Pract. Tailoring (ed. 2) xi. 204 The Bar Tack is usually done with buttonhole twist. A bar of two or three stitches is formed... It is then worked with a small over stitching from end to end.

1959 J. Yates-Benyow Weak & Wicked x. 151 Other unfamiliar-sounding occupations necessary for the output of up-to-date off-the-peg clothing—..bar-tacking.

bar-tailed godwit n. see godwit n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Limosa (godwit) > limosa lapponica (bar-tailed godwit)

preen1548

yarwhelp1577

pick1655

stone plover1678

red-breasted godwit1747

red godwit1768

strand plover1772

bar-tailed godwit1828

kuaka1873

1828 J. Fleming Hist. Brit. Animals 107 L. rufa. Bar-tailed Godwit.—All the tail-feathers with black and white bands.

1980 J. Gooders Bird Seeker's Guide (1981) 106 About 40,000 bar-tailed godwits winter in Britain, mostly in the north-west and east on the larger estuaries.

bar-tailed pheasant n. Reeves' pheasant, Syrmaticus reevesi.

ΚΠ

1906 N.E.D. at Pheasant Bar-tailed pheasant.

bar-tin n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > tin > block tin

block tin1668

bar-tin1746

brick tin1753

1746 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea (1753) II. xiv. 81 A quantity of bar tin.

bar-tracery n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > tracery > types of

stump tracery1835

wheel1835

geometrical tracery1849

plate tracery1850

fanning1851

bar-tracery1861

wheel-tracery1913

mouchette1927

1861 J. H. Parker Introd. Study Gothic Archit. (ed. 2) Gloss. 241 Bar-tracery, that kind of window-tracery which distinguishes Gothic work, resembling more a bar of iron twisted into various forms than stone.

bar-way n. a passage into a field, closed by movable horizontal bars fitted into vertical posts.

ΚΠ

1802 W. Marwick in White's Wks. Nat. Hist. II. 182 On my approaching the bar-way, they [sc. the partridges] all rose, some on my right and some on my left hand.

bar-ways adv. in the manner of a bar.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [adverb] > barwise

bar-ways1572

bar-wise1864

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 130 A Bores head..betwene two dartes barwaies.

bar winding n. Electrical Engineering an armature-winding consisting of metal bars.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > armature > [noun] > types of winding

ring winding1887

lap winding1892

wave winding1892

slot winding1900

barrel winding1902

bar winding1903

1903 F. B. de Gress tr. Arnold Armature Windings 86 The author uses this kind of bar winding for 4-pole and other multipolar lighting generators using notched armatures.

1907 Hobart & Ellis Armature Construction ix. 227 In such cases it is more usual to carry out the winding as a ‘bar winding’, where the conductors or bars are slipped into the slots from the end, and then connected up into coils by means of separate V-end connectors all the same size and shape.

bar-wise adv.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [adverb] > barwise

bar-ways1572

bar-wise1864

1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. vii. 33 A Riband crossing the shield bar-wise.

bar-wound adj. of an armature: fitted with bars instead of wires.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > armature > [adjective] > type of

shunt-wound1883

flat-ring1884

bar-wound1902

former-wound1902

slot-wound1931

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 583/2 If, however, the current in each conductor is large, the drum armature must be bar-wound.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 76/1 Bar-wound armature, an armature with large sectioned conductors which are insulated and fixed in position and connected, in contrast with former-wound conductors which are sufficiently thin to be inserted, after shaping in a suitable jig.

Draft additions September 2013

Lacemaking. The delicate network which connects the patterns in lace; the bride (see bride n.² 4).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > pattern > network which connects patterns

bar1852

brides1864

leg1864

1852 Ladies' Compan. May 258/2 Work along the bar, closely, till you come again to the last picot of the last loop.

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 511/2 Venetian bar..is used in modern Point Lace.

1953 M. Powys Lace & Lace-making xi. 172 At the end of the bar continue overcasting the edge of the braid to the place of the next bar.

1991 Martha Stewart Living Spring 73/3 Originally, ornaments were made large, connected by few bars, or ‘brides’, in a style typically Italian.

2005 J. Davis Bead Embroidery 88 Work a woven bar halfway, make a picot stitch on each side, then complete the bar.

Draft additions September 2013

= handlebar n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > handle-bars

handlebar1878

bar1908

aero bar1988

1908 Pop. Mech. Apr. 119 (advt.) The Auto-Bi. 3 Horse Power. 4 to 40 miles per hour. Controlled with one hand without removing hands from bars.

1936 Boys' Life June 15/1 The bike crashed head on into a water tub. Danny..shot neatly over the bars.

1978 R. Watson & M. Gray Penguin Bk. Bicycle ii. 61 The old ‘roadster’ used flat bars with the grips parallel with the bike.

1993 Super Bike Jan. 57/1 A big, roomy saddle, comfortable bars,..and, of course, the smoothest, widest throttle in production motorcycling.

2005 Cycling Plus Apr. 55/2 One of the most common errors when buying a road bike is to have the bars too long and too low, especially for the shorter torso′ed woman.

Draft additions September 2013

bar association n. originally U.S. any of various organizations drawing membership from the bar (sense 26a) and representing the interests of the legal profession, esp. in a specified region; frequently (with capital initials) in the names of such organizations.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > other types of association, society, or organization

invisible college1647

rota1660

working party1744

free association1761

working committee1821

Ethical Society1822

bar association1824

league1846

congress1870

tiger1874

cult1875

Daughters of the American Revolution1890

community group1892

housing association1898

working party1902

development agency1910

affinity group1915

propaganda machine1916

funding body1922

collective1925

Ku-Klux1930

network1946

NGO1946

production brigade1950

umbrella organization1950

plantation1956

think-tank1958

think group1961

team1990

1824 Mississippi State Gaz. 21 Aug. A meeting of the Bar Association, held at the Court House in the City of Natchez.

1826 Acts of Gen. Assembly S.-Carolina 19 All those persons who now are, or hereafter may become members of the South Carolina Bar Association.

1871 Albany Law Jrnl. 25 Mar. 229/1 The Bar Association of New York city has..done nothing at all in furtherance of the principal avowed objects of its organization.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 4/2 He might have written essays about it for the law journals or made a speech to the bar association.

1966 Law Library Jrnl. 59 447 The pro bono aspects of the American Bar Association must be financed out of membership.

1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 22 Sept. 6/3 The Canadian Bar Association's resolution... called for the decriminalization of possession..of marijuana for personal private use.

2011 Vanity Fair Sept. 213 Her father was..head of the Versailles bar association.

Draft additions September 2013

bar car n. now chiefly U.S. a railway carriage containing a bar serving (esp. alcoholic) drinks and light meals; cf. buffet-car n. at buffet n.³ 3b, restaurant car n. at restaurant n. Compounds 2.In quot. 1915: a canteen wagon for soldiers.

ΚΠ

1915 Aeroplane 10 Mar. 222/1 The bar-cars are to provide refreshments to the troops abroad.

1933 Times 2 Oct. 13/7 On the Brussels-Paris line ‘bar cars’ are to be run in which a meal may be had for 15f., which is less than the normal restaurant bar charge.

1966 G. Parks Choice of Weapons xviii. 192 When the Chicago Northwestern Railway hired me on a bar car as a porter, I decided then and there that I was an assistant bartender.

2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 5 Oct. v. 12/3 Back on the train, time passed easily, with the hours spent drinking beer in the bar car and snoozing with the rocking ride.

Draft additions September 2013

bar council n. (frequently with capital initials) any of various bodies regulating the activities of the bar (sense 26a); spec. (in the United Kingdom) a body of elected barristers and other members appointed by these barristers, founded in 1894, which sets standards of conduct within the profession, regulates the education of prospective barristers, and represents barristers' interests (more formally called General Council of the Bar).

ΚΠ

1857 Evening Star 17 Dec. He [sc. a French advocate] fought his duel, although the bar council interdicted it.

1894 Times 16 July 13/1 Those bodies had no power to delegate their functions to the Bar Council.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxvi. 110 It was notorious that any fool could pass the examinations of the Bar Council.

1992 D. Pannick Advocates v. 164 In a 1981 ruling the Bar Council of New South Wales demonstrated greater wisdom by regarding human life as a higher value than client confidentiality.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) vii. 159 When the Bar Council tried to persuade members of the Bar to contribute..to a scheme to support young, disadvantaged lawyers..it was the rich commercial lawyers who objected.

Draft additions September 2013

bar flap n. the part of a bar counter (typically at one of its short sides) which lifts upwards on a hinge to allow access behind the counter.

ΚΠ

1849 Times 27 Apr. 4/2 The waiter..opened the door at the foot of the stairs, as well as the bar-flap.

1931 R. Aldington Colonel's Daughter 197 The landlord dived under the bar-flap, seized Mr. Wrigley by the coat collar, ..and hurled him into the road.

2001 G. Joseph Homegrown xviii. 253 Keith had lifted the bar-flap and was now on the shop side of the counter.

Draft additions March 2007

a. Athletics. In the high jump and similar sports: the bar which competitors must clear for a successful jump.

ΚΠ

1869 Times 10 Mar. 5 d On lowering the bar 3in. Scott obtained second prize.

1887 M. Shearman Athletics & Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) v. 153 If the ‘take-off’ is..so slippery as to make the jumper nervous of falling, he may..jump into the bar instead of over it.

1902 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 18 Nov. 3/4 In the case of a tie the officials shall raise or lower the bar at their discretion.

1968 Listener 24 Oct. 560/2 With his incredible ‘Fosbury Flop’ he has invented a technique for clearing the bar which seems to be more efficient than all others.

1996 Star-Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 8 June 8 c After..clearing 15 feet on his first try, the Edina senior asked officials..to raise the bar six inches to 15-6.

b. figurative. A required level of attainment, an expected standard. Chiefly in to raise (also lower, set) the bar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > a standard or norm > viewed as object of endeavour, etc.

standard1711

bar1976

1976 Sun (Lowell, Mass.) 5 Sept. (Sun/Day Mag.) 10/5 Once that goal is reached,..stay at the task until it's consolidated and has proven that it's solid over time. Then set the bar higher and go on to a tougher objective.

1989 Toronto Post (Nexis) 5 June a20 Canada Post has also abandoned all thought of same-day delivery of first-class letters... ‘They lowered the bar,..’ says Botting, of the small-business federation.

1993 Fort Collins (Colorado) Triangle Rev. 1 Apr. 3/4 It's also time to ‘raise the bar’ on the quality of leadership in Fort Collins.

1993 N.Y. Times 3 Nov. b18/4 Expectations were fairly low last time... Now the bar is higher.

2002 Daily Express (E. Malaysia) 21 Nov. 22/1 The Bond films, which began with 1962's ‘Dr. No,’ in which Swiss actress Ursula Andress set the bar.

Draft additions June 2006

barback n. North American (a) a piece of furniture designed to stand behind a bar, typically incorporating a counter and storage space as well as decorative elements such as mirrors; (b) an employee at a bar who assists the bartender.

ΚΠ

1947 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 23 Sept. 27/2 (advt.) Complete grill and bar equipment, Bar back, bar booths, cooler, etc.

1974 Washington Post 20 July f11/6 (advt.) Bar Porter/Barback—Good pay, annual & sick leave, health & life insurance.

1994 Boston Herald (Nexis) 26 Aug. s13 Shiny foil Christmas garlands loop across the mirrored barback.

1999 D. LeHane Gone, Baby, Gone (2001) xxix. 329 Pouring beers and shots nonstop, trying to keep abreast of the calls for more.., sending barbacks to wade through the men and sweep up the broken bottles.

Draft additions March 2006

bar band n. chiefly North American a (local or amateur) rock group of a kind that typically performs in bars or other small venues.

ΚΠ

1970 Washington Post 9 Dec. c1/3 He's played with different local bar bands..for nearly five years.

1991 D. Richler Kicking Tomorrow xx. 344 He snorted at weathered posters glued up around the city for bar bands he knew were doomed to fail.

1994 Time 4 Apr. 79/2 But her record company, Warner Bros., eventually dropped her, finding her mix of barband rock and oozy blues tough to market.

Draft additions June 2006

barware n. originally U.S. the articles used in mixing and serving drinks, such as glasses, decanters, and cocktail shakers.

ΚΠ

1866 Morning Herald (Titusville, Pa.) 28 Feb. (advt.) E. H. Crittenden is selling $58,000 worth of liquors, cigars and bar-ware.

1970 New Yorker 17 Oct. 128/3 (advt.) The..beauty of..crystal barware.

2005 D. Jewel Groom's Game Plan ix. 135 A common mistake: registering for enough barware to fill every joint on Bourbon Street. Before you add on the Brandy snifters, ask yourself, ‘Do I even like brandy?’

Draft additions June 2021

In plural. In the language of hip-hop or rap music: a set of lyrics; a line in a rap song. to spit bars: to rap. to have got bars: to be a talented rapper or lyricist.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > lyrics

wordseOE

ditty1552

recitative1659

testo1724

lyric1876

pop lyric1960

verbal1964

bars1994

1994 ‘O. C.’ O-Zone (transcribed from song) in Word...Life ‘Yo, man, I can flow.’ So what? Every one, two, or three bars, all I hear is a cuss.

2007 ‘N. Minaj’ Playtime is Over (transcribed from song) Playtime is over, when I spit bars My mixtape bring all the boys to the yard.

2020 DJ WhySham 8 Sept. in www.allstonpudding (accessed 10 Dec. 2020) The females got bars. I want them to rap on some drill beats.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	bar
释义	barn.¹ Brit. /bɑː/, U.S. /bɑr/ Forms: Middle English–1600s barre, Middle English–1600s barr, Middle English– bar. Etymology: Middle English barre, < Old French barre (= Provençal barra, Italian barra, Spanish barra, Portuguese barra) < late Latin barra of unknown origin. The Celtic derivation accepted by Diez is now discredited: Old Irish barr ‘bushy top,’ and its cognates, in no way suit the sense; Welsh bar ‘bar’ is from English, and Breton barren ‘bar’ from French (The development of sense had to a great extent taken place before the word was adopted in English.) I. A piece of any material long in proportion to its thickness or width. * Of shape only. 1. gen. A straight piece of wood, metal, or other rigid material, long in proportion to its thickness. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials in specific shape or form > [noun] > long and straight bara1425 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Num. iv. 10 Thei schulen putte in barris [1382 beryng staues]. 1690 W. Walker Idiomatologia Anglo-Lat. 38 To beat down the statute [? statue] with bars. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Bar, among printers, denotes a piece of iron..whereby the screw of the press is turned in printing. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. xxviii. 360 A pallet-bed was placed close to the bar of iron. 1860 H. Stuart Novice's or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 11 On the barrel [of a rifle] is the..sliding bar. 1880 C. A. Edwards Organs ii. ii. 50 The sound-board bars are glued in place. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 105 Bar, a drilling or tamping-rod. figurative.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxvii. 1 The Lord schal visite in his hard swerd..on leuyathan, serpent, a barre [1382 a leuour.]a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 420 Leviathan..is here called a bar Serpent..as mighty Men are called bars in Scripture. 2. spec. a. A thick rod of iron or wood used in a trial of strength, the players contending which of them could throw or pitch it farthest; the distance thrown was measured in lengths of the bar. Hence in obsolete figurative phrases. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [noun] > specific athletic sports other than running > tossing caber > caber > similar equipment bar1531 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xvi. sig. Hvii Throwyng the heuy stone or barre, playing at tenyse. 1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood iv. 64 To pitch the barre, or to shoote off a gunne. 1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 331 While John for Nine-pins does declare; And Roger loves to pitch the bar. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod Introd. 13 To amuse himself in archery, casting of the bar, wrestling. figurative.1647 J. Cleveland Char. London-diurnall 5 First, Stamford slew him: then Waller outkilled that halfe a Barre.1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 538. ¶5 I did not all this while disbelieve..but yet I thought some in the Company had been endeavouring who should pitch the Bar furthest.a1734 R. North Lives of Norths II. 37 The objectors..outdo, many bars, all that themselves found fault with.1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxiii. 324 Here is a mere Baby..outdoes 'em by a Bar's Length. †b. An iron bar used in breaking criminals on the wheel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > wheel > bar for breaking victim on bar1577 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. ii. xi. 223 We have use neither of the wheele nor of the barre. c. A rod-shaped heating element used in certain types of electric fire. Cf. element n. 4c and one-bar adj. at one adj., n., and pron. Compounds 4, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > gas or electric heater > heating element of electric fire radiant1914 bar1926 1926–7 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 344/1 Electric radiators..Two bars (1,000 watts each). 1949 E. Bowen Heat of Day vii. 131 She switched on one more bar of the electric fire. 1970 M. Kenyon 100,000 Welcomes v. 32 One bar of a puny electric fire glowed in the hearth. 3. a. A narrow four-sided block of metal or material as manufactured, e.g. of iron, or soap, chocolate, etc.; an ingot of precious metal. Cf. bar-iron n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold or silver > in the lump > ingot of wedgec900 ingot1423 barc1595 billet1670 wafer1974 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > bar of iron bar1753 billet1881 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > form of soap soft soap?a1425 washing-ball1538 ball1575 tablet1582 musk ball1589 liquid soap1600 soap-ball1601 wash-ball1601 savonette1702 brick soap1753 bar-soap1824 bar1834 sand-ball1846 soap powder1865 leaf1882 soap leaf1909 soap flakes1926 shower gel1970 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > chocolate jessamy-chocolate1697 milk chocolate1723 plain chocolate1737 chocolate drop1764 chocolate cream1851 chocolate1852 chocolate liqueur1864 chocolate button1865 choc1874 chocolate bar1875 choccy1885 langue de chat1897 black chocolate1902 soft centre1902 truffle1902 liqueur chocolate1904 bar1906 bark1910 chocolate coin1910 white chocolate1917 dark chocolate1930 Mars bar1932 Smarties1939 nutty1947 liqueur1965 c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 18 We got here twenty barres of silver. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Bars of Iron are made of the metal of the sows and pigs, as they come from the furnaces. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. iv. 42 Four cakes of Windsor, and two bars of yellow for washing. 1876 H. N. Humphreys Coin Coll. Man. ii. 9 Bars form a sort of transition stage between the weighed money and true coins. 1906 Daily Chron. 25 July 6/4 A shop-worn chocolate-cream bar. 1959 Elizabethan Apr. 10/1 I gave you a bar of chocolate on the train from London. b. Used as a standard of weight or a denomination of currency. Cf. bahar n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > other spec. markc1475 bar1732 rix-dollar1803 Canadian dollar1841 centime1842 pound1857 cent1871 commodity dollar1891 credit1893 shilling1921 centime1942 larin1978 1732 Abstr. of Voy. to New Calabar River, 1699, taken from Jrnl. of James Barbot in Coll. Voy. & Trav. V. 460/1 We adjusted with them the reduction of our merchandize into bars of iron, as the standard coin, viz. One bunch of beads, one bar... One piece broad Hamborough, one ditto. One piece Nicanees, three ditto... And so pro rata, for every other sort of goods. 1732 in F. Moore Trav. Inland Afr. (1738) App. II. 9 Barr, or Sixteenth Part of an Ounce of Gold. 1738 F. Moore Trav. Inland Afr. 45 A Barr is a Denomination given to a certain Quantity of Goods of any kind, which Quantity was of equal Value among the Natives to a Barr of Iron, when this River was first traded to. Thus..an Ounce of Silver is but a Barr. 1735 J. Atkins Voy. Guinea 40 They all keep Gromettas (Negro Servants) which they hire from Sherbro River, at two Accys or Bars a Month.1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Bar, in African traffick, is used for a denomination of price; payment being formerly made to the Negroes almost wholly in iron bars. c. A pound; esp. in half a bar, ten shillings. slang. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > specific sums of money > a pound li.c1450 quid1661 strike1680 note1775 scrieve1821 nicker1871 saucepan lid1896 bar1911 berry1918 smacker1920 thick 'un1968 sob1970 society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > specific sums of money > ten shillings half a thick 'un1897 half1931 half a bar1938 1911 J. W. Horsley I Remember xi. 254 Others [slang words] were new to me, such as..‘bar’ for a sovereign. 1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad 331 Half a bar, ten shillings. 1939 J. B. Priestley Let People Sing x. 256 Knocker brought out some money and examined it. ‘..A nicker, half a bar, a caser an' a hole.’ 1958 M. Pugh Wilderness of Monkeys 77 Half a bar, or what you call ten bob? †4. a. An ornamental transverse band on a girdle, saddle, etc.; subsequently an ornamental boss of any shape. Also, a girdle or band. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > stripes or bars barc1385 barringc1386 bendingc1386 palingc1390 pale1415 candy stripe1875 broken line1937 c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1200 With sadyll rede enbrowderyd with delyte, Of gold the barres vpp enbosid high. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 162 Boþe þe barres of his belt & oþer blyþe stones. c1400 Rom. Rose 1103 The barres were of gold ful fyne, Upon a tyssu of satyne. 1433 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 48 Unam zonam ornatam cum octo barres. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 24 Barre of a gyrdylle, or oþer harneys, stipa. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xxxiii. 13019 Orestes..comaundet, Bare to the barre bryng him his moder. 1560 J. Heywood Fourth Hundred Epygrams ix. sig. Av^v The barres of mens breeches haue such strong stitching. b. A small slip of silver fixed transversely below the clasp of a medal, as an additional mark of distinction. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > decorations or orders Order of St Michael1530 Legion of Honour1802 clasp1813 Iron Cross1813 medal1813 star1844 Victoria Cross1856 V.C.1859 Medal of Honour1861 bar1864 yellow jacket1864 V.D.1901 Croix de Guerre1915 Military Cross1915 C.G.M.1916 Military Medal1916 pip1917 M.M.1918 purple heart1918 Maconochie Cross1919 Maconochie Medal1919 wound-stripe1919 T.D.1924 rooty gong1925 Silver Star1932 Ritterkreuz1940 Africa Star1943 ruptured duck1945 Spam medal1945 screaming eagle1946 1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. xx. 353 A Bar is attached to the ribbon for every act of such gallantry as would have won the Cross. 1885 Standard 2 Mar. 3/5 He affixed the medals and bars to the breasts of the..recipients. 5. a. A straight strip or stripe, narrow in proportion to its length, a broad line; e.g. of colour. stars and bars: see star n.¹ Phrases 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [noun] > long narrow piece > of a surface > running across or around barc1440 crossbar1599 list1599 fillet1612 strapa1680 road1802 band1823 bandelet1863 bandlet1883 c1440 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 460 Lay orethwart him [a roast pig] one barre of silver foile, and another of golde. 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) i. sig. B3 In each joynt a golden barre, in stead of those three whitish rings which other Bees haue. 1806 W. Wordsworth Ode in Sonn. to Liberty 28 A blue bar of solid cloud Across the setting sun. 1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 10 The bar or line drawn over the 2 denotes, etc. figurative.1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. ii. 45 The brightest triumph has a bar of black in it. b. bar of Michael Angelo, the superciliary ridge or prominence of the frontal bone at the base of the forehead, characteristic of the heads of Michael Angelo's statues. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > front of skull > frontal bone coronalc1400 brow-bonec1450 coronal bone1543 os frontis1578 postfrontal1840 bar of Michael Angelo1850 frontal1854 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxv. 127 And over those ethereal eyes The bar of Michael Angelo . View more context for this quotation 6. Heraldry. An honourable ordinary, formed (like the fess) by two parallel lines drawn horizontally across the shield, and including not more than its fifth part. bar sinister: in popular, but erroneous phrase, the heraldic sign of illegitimacy; see baton n., bend n.¹, (sinister). bar-gemel: a double bar, or small bars placed in couplets. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > charge of simplest or commonest kind > bar of two horizontal lines label1440 bar1592 trangle1725 society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > charge of simplest or commonest kind > bar of two horizontal lines > smaller bars gemew1486 barrulet1562 closet1562 humet1572 barret1587 bar-gemel1592 gemel1592 gemew1657 wiure1688 bandlet1850 bracelet- society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > charge of simplest or commonest kind > band crossing shield diagonally > running from top right to bottom left sinister bend1612 bend sinister1622 crossbar1655 bar sinister1823 1592 W. Wyrley Lord Chandos in True Vse Armorie 97 Sir Lewis Harcourt came, Two golden bars that bare in field of guls. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. vi. 59 A Barre is..drawen ouerthwart the Escocheon..it containeth the fifth part of the Field. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie ii. vii. 75 Termed in Blazon Barres Gemelles, of the Latine word Gemellus, which signifieth a Twin. 1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) The bar may be placed in any part of the field. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. xii. 303 My bar sinister may never be surmounted by the coronet of Croye. 7. Farriery. a. (usually plural) The transverse ridged divisions of a horse's palate: below those which lie between the molar and canine teeth the bar of the bit is inserted. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > mouth or type of > part of palate bar1607 ridge1696 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 52 It giueth libertie to the tongue, offendeth not the barres, and keepeth the mouth in tendernesse. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Yellows After they have blooded the Horse..in the third Bar, on the pallate of the Mouth. 1884 E. L. Anderson Mod. Horsemanship i. v. 17 The curb bit should..take a bearing upon the bare bars of the mouth. b. The recurved ends of the wall or crust of a horse's hoof, meeting at an acute angle in the centre of the sole. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > hoof > covering of wall1830 bar1831 crust1831 1831 W. Youatt Horse xv. 284 Smiths..too often habitually pursue..the injurious practice of removing the bars [of the hoof]. ** Of shape and confining purpose. 8. esp. A stake or rod of iron or wood used to fasten a gate, door, hatch, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > bolt or bar shuttle971 barc1175 esselc1275 slota1300 sperel13.. ginc1330 staple-bar1339 shotc1430 shuttingc1440 shutc1460 spar1596 counter-bar1611 shooter1632 drawbar1670 night bolt1775 drop-bolt1786 snibbing-bolt1844 stay-band1844 window bar1853 heck-stower1876 barrel bolt1909 latch bolt1909 panic bolt1911 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 131 He..tobrec þa irene barren of helle. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 884 Steken þe ȝates ston~harde wyth stalworth barrez. a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1104 And up is broke lok, haspe, barre, and pynne. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xxvi. 26 Fyve barris of trees..to holde togidere the tablis. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges xvi. 3 Toke holde on both y^e syde portes of y^e gate..and lifte them out with the barres. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 877 And every Bolt and Bar..with ease Unfast'ns. View more context for this quotation 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Hatch-bars, flat iron bars to lock over the hatches. 9. a. A straight, strong rod of iron or wood fixed across any way of ingress or egress, or forming part of a fence, gate, grating, or the like. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > a beam or rod barc1405 slaught-boom1637 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 217 Thurgh a wyndow thikke of many a barre Of Iren. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 24 Barre abowte a graue or awter. a1658 R. Lovelace To Althea Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a cage. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 57. ¶3 She..makes nothing of leaping over a Six bar Gate. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. ix. 191 Like a fine horse brought up to the leaping-bar. 1883 Harper's Mag. Sept. 491/1 The cows lowing at the pasture bars. b. spec. in plural. A set of wooden rails which may be withdrawn to afford an opening through a fence or wall. (Cf. drawbar n.) U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > a beam or rod > closing opening in a fence > set of bar1639 1639 in Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. (1897) VI. 5 All the fences & gates..to the bares shall be sufitiently mad up. 1660 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1893) II. 139 Provided that they Keepe a Sufficient inlett of Barres at Each End of the highway for A cart to passe through. 1670 Charlestown Land Rec. 186 From Deacon Stitson's to the Barres at Mr. Nowel's pasture in sixteene foot. 1703 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) V. 109 [He] shall set up a Gate, or inlet of Barrs in said fence. 1743 J. MacSparran Diary 9 She sent Jack to open ye Gates and Bars. 1856 Trans. Mich. Agric. Soc. 7 805 He..uses bars instead of gates between his inclosures. 1887 M. E. Wilkins Humble Romance 315 The younger of the two old women let down the bars which separated the blooming field..from the road, and they passed through. c. Association Football, etc. = crossbar n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > [noun] > ground > goal-post or bar goal1577 goalpost1842 crossbar1857 goal bar1862 side post1863 stick1876 bar1882 upright1910 1882 Blackburn Times 1 Apr. 3/3 Ashton, M'Guire, and Towers completely baffled the backs, a good centre giving Ashton a rare opportunity of scoring, but he sent the ball over the bar. 1894 N. Brit. Daily Mail (Glasgow) 9 Apr. 3/6 The ball hit the bar, and after bounding back, went over Haddow's head and right into the net. 1986 Football Monthly June 34/2 Rush gave another indication of what was to come later when he headed over the bar. d. In colloquial phrase behind bars, of a person: in prison, locked away. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > in confinement [phrase] in mewa1375 under keya1393 under lock and key1585 behind bars1951 1914 W. L. Taylor Man behind Bars i. 13 A short story read aloud was always a pleasure to the men behind the bars.] 1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 151/2 The crimes for which the professionals are behind bars. 1966 A. Sachs Jail Diary xxvi. 232 He must know that the career he has chosen will inevitably involve him in spending a large portion of his life behind bars. 1977 Borneo Bull. 7 May 10/3 Now Hassan.., who got $50 out of the deal, is behind bars for six months. 10. One of the series of iron rods fixed in the front of a grate or bottom of a boiler furnace to prevent the fuel from falling out. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > grate > bar of bar1678 fire bar1844 furnace-bar1888 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. i. 13 A course sort of Iron..fit for Fire-bars. 1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood III. viii. 195 Thrust it between the bars, pushing it in fiercely with the poker. 11. A transverse piece of wood making fast the head of a wine-cask. (If a cask is lying horizontal, wine is drawn from ‘below the bar,’ when it is more than half empty.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor > for wine > fastening pin bar1520 bar-pin1611 1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. D.iiij This wyne drynketh lowe or vnder the barre, Hoc vinum languescit. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 331 All the emptie hogsheads..,and for sixe tunne of wyne, so many as should be dronke under the barre. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Empeigner le bout d'vne douve, to pin the barre of a peece of caske. II. That which confines, encloses, limits, or obstructs, with no special reference to shape. * A material barrier. 12. gen. A material structure, forming a secure enclosure, or obstructing entry or egress; a barrier. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] bar1388 traverse1477 hedge1523 barrier1570 barricadoa1616 barricade1714 barbed wire1890 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Jonah ii. 7 The barris of erthe closiden me togidere. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 963 Þe grete barrez of þe abyme he barst vp. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 417 With rebounding surge the barrs assaild. View more context for this quotation 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 40 In equal Fight, From out the Bars to force his Opposite. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Bar, a boom formed of huge trees or spars lashed together, moored transversely across a port. 1872 R. Browning Fifine cxxii That caverned passage..a grim Bar-sinister, soon blocks abrupt your path. 13. a. spec. A barrier closing the entrance into a city, formed originally of ‘posts, rails, and a chain.’ Afterwards applied to the gate by which these were replaced, as in Temple-bar, and the Bars or gates of York, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > a barrier at city entrance barc1220 c1220 Legend St. Katherine 2348 Bihefden hire utewið þe barren of þe burhe. 1410 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 16 The Cherch of seynt Clementis wythowtyn Templebarr. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos lvi. 153 Slawghter made bothe of men and of horses by fore the barres of the towne. 1645 E. Pagitt Heresiogr. 39 A house without the barres at Algate. 1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 6 Barr, a Gate of a City, as Bootham Bar, Monkbar..in the City of York. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. at York There are four principal gates, or bars, as they are usually called. b. A toll-house gate or barrier; cf. toll-bar n. at toll n.¹ Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > imposition or collecting of duties on goods > [noun] > toll-barrier bar1540 turnpike1678 sidebar1760 toll-gate1773 barrier1804 toll-bar1813 pike1820 octroi1861 pay wicket1895 péage1973 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII xvii. §1 The said lane called Graies Inne Lane, from Holborne bars northward. 1813 Examiner 19 Apr. 243/1 The only light..was that shed by the toll-bar lamp, and..the bar is at a distance of about 150 yards. †c. A hurdle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hurdle hurdlec725 flakec1330 grater1598 wattle1640 bara1642 tray1829 slat1883 flake-hurdle1890 a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 17 The seconde thinge belonginge to a barre is spelles... The third thinge belonginge to a barre is a dagger. d. (Also in French form barre.) A horizontal bar fixed to the wall at waist level, serving as a support for dancers in certain of their exercises. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > ballet > [noun] > practice room and equipment practice room1830 bar1883 practice dress1934 practice bar1936 1883 D. Cook On Stage II. i. 4 Then the pupil is taught to stand on one leg while extending the other until the foot rests upon a horizontal bar raised some four or five feet above the floor. 1922 C. W. Beaumont & S. Idzikowski Man. Theory & Pract. Class. Theatr. Dancing ii. i. 33 Generally the bar is of wood, and is fixed to the walls of the practice room in a horizontal position. 1936 A. L. Haskell Prelude to Ballet ii. 7 She performs her complicated routine, first hanging on to the barre, wooden counterpart to the hands of a partner. 1968 J. Winearls Mod. Dance (ed. 2) ii. 77 Exercises at the barre should be done daily in the same order. †14. A defensive barrier, a bulwark. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > [noun] > means of defence hornc825 defencec1350 garnisonc1386 wall1412 fencec1440 defensoryc1475 fencing1489 muniment1546 frontier1589 bar1603 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xlvii. 154 Having so many Citties, Townes, Houlds, Castles, and Barres for his securitie. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. ii. 423 Vtica..the other maine fort, or barre of Africa. 15. a. A bank of sand, silt, etc., across the mouth of a river or harbour, which obstructs navigation. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > sandbank > [noun] sand-ridgec1000 hurst1398 shelp1430 sand1495 ayre1539 bar1587 knock1587 sandbank1589 middle ground1653 middle1702 overslaugh1755 sandbar1767 sea-bank1828 tow-head1829 wharf1867 whale1905 horse1926 1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xxi. 16/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II The port or hauen of Dublin is a barred hauen, and no great ships..doo lie in a certeine rode without the barre. 1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia iii. 100 Our Pinace is past o're The barre; and rides before the Maiden-Towre. 1720 London Gaz. No. 5821/1 Three Ships were lost upon the Bar. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 100 Rivers which are, as usual in Japan, obstructed by a dangerous bar. b. See bar-diggings n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > river bed or bank containing gold bottom1852 bar1862 1862 R. C. Mayne Four Years in Brit. Columbia 65 Bars..all those places where gold is found and worked, on a river's bank, are called by that name. 16. Music. ‘A vertical line drawn across the stave to divide a musical composition into portions of equal duration, and to indicate the periodical recurrence of the accent’ (F. Taylor in Grove Dict. Music); also, the portion contained between two such lines, technically called the ‘measure.’ double bar: two parallel vertical lines, marking the close of a strain or section. attributive in bar-line. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > division into bars > bar moisonc1380 measure1656 bar1658 society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > division into bars > bar-line bar1658 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > divisions according to rhythm bar1781 spondee1861 duplet1922 1658 J. Playford Breif Introd. Skill Musick (new ed.) i. 39 Of Bars there are two sorts, the Single and the Double. The single Bar is used for the dividing the Time, according to the appropriated Measure of the Song or Lesson. The double Bars divides the Strains or Parts that the Lesson or Song is divided into. 1665 C. Simpson Princ. Pract. Mvs. 25 Distinguished by Strokes crossing the Lines, which..are called Bars. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic ii. i Will you play a few bars? 1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music i. 13 One note in every bar should be accented. 1881 G. A. Macfarren Counterpoint (ed. 3) 19 To continue a note for two bars or more is not melody. 1927 G. Grove Dict. Music (ed. 3) I. 219/1 A bar..is, literally, the straight line drawn across the stave to mark the metrical accent... In ordinary parlance that is now called the ‘bar-line’. 1959 Wimsatt & Beardsley in P.M.L.A. Dec. 589 Music—or at least music with bar-lines..—is precisely a time-measuring notation. 17. in plural bars: the game of ‘prisoner's base’ or ‘chevy.’ The players, after choosing sides, occupy two camps or enclosures, and any player leaving his or her enclosure is chased by one of the opposite side, and, if caught, made a prisoner. northern dialect in later use.See prisoners' bars n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > prisoner's base barsc1400 base1440 barley-break1557 prison base1598 prison bar1602 stroke-bias1700 prisoners' bars1794 Scotch and English1802 prisoners' base1830 chevy1883 Molly Bright1883 c1400 MS. Cott. Cleop. D. ix. 156 b Þe children ournen at þe bars. 1450 Myrc 336 Bal and bares and suche play Out of chyrcheȝorde put away. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Barres, the play at Bace or Prison Bars. a1795 J. Aikin & A. L. Barbauld Evenings at Home xvii. 276 At cricket, taw, and prison-bars, He bore away the bell. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. ii. 71 A rustic game called base or bars, and in some places prisoners' bars. ** An immaterial barrier. 18. Law. A plea or objection of force sufficient to arrest entirely an action or claim at law. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > a pleading or plea > plea in bar bar1495 autrefois convict1632 plea-in-bar1729 1495 Act 2 Hen. VII xxiv. §1 A sufficient barre of the seid atteynte. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V i. ii. 42 Faramont the founder of this law and female barre. 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 37^v Barre is when the defendant in any action pleadeth a plea which is a sufficient answer, and that destroyeth the action of the plaintife for ever. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. v. §410. 177 Such assignment shall not be a barre in a Scire facias. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 91/1 It is no bar to the validity of a patent. 19. figurative. An obstruction, obstacle; a barrier. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xlv. f. cxviii^v Thys warantye ys no barre in conscyence thoughe it be a barre in the lawe. 1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) iii. 40 The special barre and obstacle that keeps men from Christ. 1713 J. Addison Cato i. ii His baffled arms, and ruined cause, Are bars to my ambition. 1782 E. Burke Penal Laws against Irish Catholics in Wks. (1801) VI. 272 Thereby fixing a permanent bar against any relief. 1876 L. Morris Epic of Hades ii. 14 Nature..has set this bar Betwixt success and failure. 20. Phrases: †to make bar of: to stop short at. †by the bar: by means of the very obstacle interposed. in bar (of, rarely to): as a sufficient reason or plea (against), to prevent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering [phrase] > by means of the obstacle interposed by the barc1590 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > stop short of (some action) to make bar ofc1590 to stop short of1817 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [phrase] > as sufficient reason to prevent in bar (of, rarely to)a1715 c1590 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta i. ii In extremity We ought to make bar of no policy. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxv. ix. 279 By the barre, as one would say, whereof they continued..without taking any harme. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 463 Their protestations was only in barr to the Lords doing any thing besides the trial. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xii. 280 Danby..pleaded a pardon secretly obtained from the king, in bar of the prosecution. 1842 H. E. Manning Serm. xiv. 205 These are the habits of life which are pleaded in bar of the daily worship of God. †21. A kind of false die, on which certain numbers are prevented from turning up. See barred adj. (dice). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > [noun] > die or dice > false or loaded stop-dice1540 bar1545 flat1545 gourd1545 barred dicec1555 bristle-dicec1555 fulhamc1555 graviersc1555 high manc1555 langretc1555 low manc1555 cheat1567 dice of vantage?1577 demy1591 forger1591 squarier1592 tallmen?1592 stop cater trey1605 demi-bar1606 downhill1664 high runner1670 low runner1670 doctor1688 tat1688 uphill1699 cut1711 loaded dice1771 dispatcher1798 dispatch1819 miss-out1928 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 19 ^v Certayne termes..appropriate to theyr playing wherby they wyl drawe a mannes money, but paye none, whiche they cal barres. 1606 No-body & Some-body 1517 Those Demi-bars..Those bar Sizeaces. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Barr Dice, a species of false dice, so formed that they will not easily lie on certain sides. III. A rail or barrier acquiring from its use special technical significance; the space it encloses. * In a court of justice. 22. a. The barrier or wooden rail marking off the immediate precinct of the judge's seat, at which prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or sentence. ΚΠ a1400 Cov. Myst. 314 Brynge forthe to the barre that arn to be dempt. 1520 Chron. Eng. vii. f. 102/2 He was ledde to barre before the kinges justyces. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. i. 13 The great Duke Came to the Bar; where, to his accusations He pleaded still not guilty. View more context for this quotation 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil III. v. ix. 119 Hurried like a criminal to the bar of a police office. b. figurative. A tribunal, e.g. that of reason, public opinion, conscience. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > place of barc1375 tribunal1635 forum1690 c1375 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. (1871) II. 186 Ech man mote nedis stonde at þe barre bifore Crist. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 153 All seuerall sinnes, all vsde in each degree, Throng to the barre, crying all guiltie, guiltie. View more context for this quotation 1665 J. Glanvill Scepsis Scientifica xiv. 88 When self is at the bar, the sentence is not like to be impartial. 1725 I. Watts Logick ii. iii. 341 Calling all the Principles of our younger Years to the Bar of more mature Reason. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. i. iv. 27 The Judgment-bar of the Most High God. 23. a. This barrier, as the place at which all the business of the court was transacted, soon became synonymous with: Court; esp. in at (the) bar: in court, in open court. trial at bar: a trial before the full court in which the action or indictment is brought; in England, the Queen's Bench Division. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [adverb] > in court at (the) barc1330 society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > bar of tribunal barc1330 barracec1613 public bar1654 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > trial > other types of trial oyer?a1475 trial by proviso1676 political trial1774 drumhead court-martial1835 trial at bar1866 speedy trial1894 show trial1928 treason trial1930 war trial1949 split trial1960 spy trial1972 c1330 in Pol. Songs 339 Countours in benche that stondeth at the barre, Theih wolen bigile the. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 160 Seriauntes hij semede · þat seruen atte barre. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 173 Þis ȝere [1362] was ordeyned þat all plees at þe barre schuld be in Englisch tunge. 1549 R. Crowley Voyce Laste Trumpet sig. Ci^v Thou wylt stande at a barre ballyng. 1656 A. Cowley Pindaric Odes in Wks. I. 228 Thou neither great..at th' Exchange shalt be, nor at the wrangling Bar. 1689 Proc. & Tryal Archbishop of Canterbury & Right Rev. Fathers 44 We are very desirous it should be tryed at Bar. 1803 J. Marshall Writings upon Federal Constit. (1839) 2 These principles have been very ably argued at the bar. 1866 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 9 449/2 The first instance of a trial at bar has just occurred at Melbourne. b. A (particular) court of law, esp. in the phrase to practise at (such a) bar. [Compare 25 – 26a.] ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > a particular bar1559 law-bar1596 1559 [see sense 25a]. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. C7^v Notwithstanding that they [sc. lawiers] can be present but at one barre at once, yet will they take diuers fees of sundry clients to speake for them at three or foure places in one day. 1723 London Gaz. No. 6211/2 They went to the Exchequer Bar. 1841 J. W. Orderson Creoleana xiv. 152 Who was..expected out to practise at the Barbados bar. 1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) xix. 360 I have practised at the bar of the House of Lords. ** In the Inns of Court. †24. A barrier or partition separating the seats of the benchers or readers from the rest of the hall, to which students, after they had attained a certain standing, were ‘called’ from the body of the hall, for the purpose of taking a principal part in the mootings or exercises of the house. Obsolete. See barrister n. Hence the phrases:— to be called to the bar: to be admitted a barrister. †to cast (also throw) over the bar: to deprive of the status of a barrister, to disbar; gen. to reject.¶After 1600, when utter-barristers, as well as sergeants and apprentices-at-law were allowed to plead in the law-courts, bar in these phrases seems to have been popularly assumed to mean the bar in a court of justice, outside of which ordinary barristers appear to plead, while King's Counsel and Sergeants-at-Law have places within it. Hence the modern phrase to be called within the bar: to be appointed King's (or Queen's) Counsel. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (intransitive)] > be admitted as barrister to be called to the barc1545 proceed1640 to go to the bar1849 society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (transitive)] > deprive of status of lawyer > of barrister to cast (also throw) over the barc1545 to pitch (a person) over the bar?1593 disbar1633 society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (intransitive)] > be a K.C. or Q.C. to be called within the bar1768 to receive, obtain, or take silk1875 c1545 T. Denton et al. Return to Hen. VIII. of State of Inns of Court in Waterhouse Comment. on Fortescue (1663) 544 The whole company and fellowship of learners is divided..into three..degrees:..Benchers, or as they call them in some of the houses, Readers, Utter-Barresters, and Inner-Barresters..Utter-Barresters are such, that for their learning and continuance, are called by the Readers to plead and argue in the said house doubtful cases and questions..and are called Utter-Barresters for that they, when they argue the said Motes, sit uttermost on the formes which are called the Barr, and this degree is the chiefest..in the house, next the Benchers. All the residue of learners are called Inner-Barresters, which are the youngest men. 1574 in W. P. Baildon Black Bks. (Rec. Soc. Lincoln's Inn) (1897) I. 391 None to be called to the Utter Barre but by the ordynarie Counsell of the House..in terme tyme. 1608 2nd Pt. Def. Reas. Refus. Subscr. 160 His note that Zanchy maketh no doubt..maie be caste over the barre. 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis iii. xxii. 221 If any Clyent bribeth..the Lawier that receiueth, shall be cast ouer the Barre. 1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 48 I was call'd to the Barre six yeares agoe. 1701 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 69 A Yorkshire attorney..had his gown pulled off, and he thrown over the bar, for disobeying the rules of that court. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 89. ¶1 He was called to the Bar. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. iii. xxviii These [barristers having patents of precedence]..rank promiscuously with the king's counsel, and together with them sit within the bar of the respective courts. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 54 A year or two before Call'd to the bar. 1885 Law Jrnl. 13 June 364/1 That his Royal Highness Prince Albert Victor of Wales be called to the degree of the Utter Bar. 25. a. The whole body of barristers, or spec. the barristers practising in a particular court, circuit, or country. (Cf. 23b.) ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > collectively bar1559 1559 Ord. Judges in Dugdale Orig. Jurid. (1671) 310 That an exhortation should be given to the utter Barr that none should come to any Barr at Westminster..under ten years continuance. 1695 Polit. Ballads (1860) II. 50 The Bar, the Pulpit and the Press Nefariously combine. 1864 Times 4 Nov. The dinner to be given by the English Bar to M. Berryer. b. The counsel retained in a particular case. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate > those retained in a particular case counsel1393 bar1891 1891 E. Kinglake Austral. at Home 36 He had as strong a Bar as could be retained on his side. 1892 Daily News 25 Mar. 5/2 There has rarely been such a Bar in any modern case, either for quantity or for quality. Sir Charles Russell, the Attorney-General, the Solicitor-General, Sir Henry James, Mr. Inderwick, and Mr. Tindal Atkinson were but a few of them. 26. a. abstractly (combining 23 and 24): Occupation as counsel in a court of justice; the profession of a barrister. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > [noun] > occupation as barrister bar1632 1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry i. sig. C3 Your fees are boundlesse at the barre. 1709 R. Steele & J. Addison Tatler No. 101. ⁋1 A Lawyer, who leaves the Bar for Chamber-Practice. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) II. 586/2 He cultivated oratory, most particularly that of the bar. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar viii. 84 He chose the bar for his profession. b. to go to the bar: to become a barrister. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > practice law [verb (intransitive)] > be admitted as barrister to be called to the barc1545 proceed1640 to go to the bar1849 1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 37/1 I should have bid adieu to the Muses, and gone to the bar. ******* In legislative assemblies. 27. The rail or barrier dividing from the body of the house a space near the door, to which non-members may be admitted for business purposes. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > place of meeting > parts of bar1583 lobby1640 gallery1753 1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum ii. ii. 37 They [sc. the Commons] comming al with him [sc. the Speaker] to a barre, which is at the nether ende of the vpper house. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 349 Giving an account of his government at the bar of the same assembly. View more context for this quotation 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 520 The people of Bristol..sent up a deputation which was heard at the bar of the Commons. ******** In an inn, or other place of refreshment. 28. a. A barrier or counter, over which drink (or food) is served out to customers, in an inn, hotel, or tavern, and hence, in a coffee-house, at a railway-station, etc.; also, the space behind this barrier, and sometimes the whole apartment containing it. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar > bar-counter bar1592 bar-board1715 bar-counter1842 zinc1914 1592 R. Greene Thirde Pt. Conny-catching sig. D He was well acquainted with one of the seruants..of whom he could haue two pennyworth of Rose-water for a peny..wherefore he would step to the barre vnto him. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iii. 67 Bring your hand to'th Buttry barre, and let it drinke. View more context for this quotation 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 403. ¶9 [I] laid down my Penny at the Barr..and made the best of my way to Cheapside. 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. xii. 214 He sees the girl in the bar. 1837 N. Hawthorne Amer. Notebks. (1972) ii. 39 A bottle of champagne quaffed at the bar. b. With defining word: a shop counter at which a particular item or group of items is sold. Originally U.S. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop-fittings > counter show-board1453 shop board1516 counter1688 bar1954 1954 Word Study Feb. 4/1 In a New Jersey suburban town someone has opened what she calls ‘Mi-Lady's Corset Bar’. From its wares mi-lady probably gets food for thought. 1965 Harper's Bazaar May 27 The..stocking bar. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. In sense 1, as bar-lock, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > other types of lock inlock1488 treble lock1680 French lock1787 ringlock1789 thumb-lock1801 bar-lock1828 permutation lock1835 check-lock1850 pin lock1851 time lock1858 garret-lock1860 dead lock1866 seal-lock1871 dead-latch1874 Bramah-lock1875 cylinder lock1878 police lock1910 ziplock1956 solenoid lock1976 D-lock1990 1828 F. Watkins Pop. Sketch Electro-magn. 18 A fundamental principle of magnetism may be shown by freely suspending on its centre of gravity an artificial bar magnet. 1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 118 The new bar-suspension-bridge. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §40. 141 The exact polar arrangement of an ordinary bar-magnet. 1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) i. i. xi. §1 The back-actioned lock does not speak so well as the old bar-lock. b. In senses 23 – 26a, as bar-anecdote, bar-oratory. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > for specific occasion, purpose, or cause bar-oratorya1754 mob-oratory1846 stumping1865 keynoting1889 soap-boxing1919 Limehousing1920 tub-thumpery1927 soap-box1928 society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > anecdote > [noun] > type of royalties1748 bar-anecdotea1754 a1754 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 330 The habitual chicanes of bar-oratory. 1820 (title) Cut and Come again, or Humorous Bar Anecdotes. c. (In sense 28.) (a) bar-board n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar > bar-counter bar1592 bar-board1715 bar-counter1842 zinc1914 1715 S. Centlivre Gotham Election i. i. 27 Zome that like your Port Wines still, but very few..as my Barboard can witness. bar-boy n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > boy who cleans fire-bars bar-boy1881 1881 M. Reynolds Engine-driving Life 7 A bar-boy..has to creep through the fire-hole door of the engine..to arrange the fire-bars, etc. bar-counter n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar > bar-counter bar1592 bar-board1715 bar-counter1842 zinc1914 1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. vi. 218 He finishes by leaping gloriously on the bar-counter, and calling for something to drink. 1945 A. Koestler Twilight Bar 1 (stage direct.) At front, left, semicircular bar counter with high bar-stools. bar-girl n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid tapsterc1000 drawer1379 wine-drawer1415 birlerc1440 shenkerc1440 trayer1473 tranter1500 skinker1575 lick-spigot1599 shot-shark1600 runner1601 skink1603 Hebe1606 Ganymede1608 squire of the gimlet1611 skinkard1615 bombard-man1616 bar-boy1631 faucet1631 tapstress1631 potman1652 barmaida1658 pot-boyc1662 tavern-drawer1709 tavern-boy1796 pot-girl1797 tap-boy1801 knight of the spigot1821 pewter-carrier1834 bartender1836 tap-waiter1836 barman1837 beer-boy1841 mixologist1856 bar-girl1857 mixer1858 gin slinger1871 swamper1907 tap-man1907 pot-woman1918 bar-staff1965 bar-person1976 1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago III. vi. 165 The bar girl, who knew his humour, came forward. 1870 D. J. Kirwan Palace & Hovel (1963) viii. 82 A little girl, with a bold face..acted as a bar-girl. 1963 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 Apr. 262/4 Changes in postwar Japan: the popularity of ‘bar-girls’, the modern substitute for geisha. 1968 Listener 23 May 657/1 Few Americans now are seen in central Saigon;..respectable girls will now venture down Tu Do Street, which the bar girls have abandoned. bar-loafer n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > lazy person > an idler or loafer > in specific place market beaterc1405 market dasher1440 market runner?c1475 benchera1533 bench-whistler1542 bench-babbler1549 Paul's man1616 Paul's-walker1658 benchwarmer1662 round-towner1775 wharf-rat1823 boulevardier1879 sidewalk superintendent1879 bar-loafer1889 stoepsitter1934 beach bum1962 1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 30 Aug. 2/3 The mere bar loafers at these concerts. bar-person n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid tapsterc1000 drawer1379 wine-drawer1415 birlerc1440 shenkerc1440 trayer1473 tranter1500 skinker1575 lick-spigot1599 shot-shark1600 runner1601 skink1603 Hebe1606 Ganymede1608 squire of the gimlet1611 skinkard1615 bombard-man1616 bar-boy1631 faucet1631 tapstress1631 potman1652 barmaida1658 pot-boyc1662 tavern-drawer1709 tavern-boy1796 pot-girl1797 tap-boy1801 knight of the spigot1821 pewter-carrier1834 bartender1836 tap-waiter1836 barman1837 beer-boy1841 mixologist1856 bar-girl1857 mixer1858 gin slinger1871 swamper1907 tap-man1907 pot-woman1918 bar-staff1965 bar-person1976 1976 Evening Standard 14 June 25/8 (advt.) Bar person, experienced, required... Barperson required. 1982 Financial Times 8 May 9/1 Shop assistants seem more inclined to perform their function, bar persons and patrons more disposed to know you, and at petrol pumps your number plate..attracts suitable comment. bar-snack n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > pub-food bar-snack1959 pub grub1964 pub food1970 1959 in W. R. Bawden Tankard Trails (Charles Wells Ltd.) 96 (advt.) The Peacock Hotel Mill Street Bedford Bar lunches & snacks. 1969 in W. R. Bawden Tankard Trails (Charles Wells Ltd.) (new ed.) 93 (advt.) The Duke Inn Kempston... Bar snacks at all times. 1978 Morecambe Guardian 14 Mar. 14 (advt.) Bar snacks and basket meals available. 1986 N.Y. Times 29 June x17/6 Lattice House is a recently restored timber-framed pub... Serves real ale, a lunch menu and bar snacks in the evening. bar-staff n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid tapsterc1000 drawer1379 wine-drawer1415 birlerc1440 shenkerc1440 trayer1473 tranter1500 skinker1575 lick-spigot1599 shot-shark1600 runner1601 skink1603 Hebe1606 Ganymede1608 squire of the gimlet1611 skinkard1615 bombard-man1616 bar-boy1631 faucet1631 tapstress1631 potman1652 barmaida1658 pot-boyc1662 tavern-drawer1709 tavern-boy1796 pot-girl1797 tap-boy1801 knight of the spigot1821 pewter-carrier1834 bartender1836 tap-waiter1836 barman1837 beer-boy1841 mixologist1856 bar-girl1857 mixer1858 gin slinger1871 swamper1907 tap-man1907 pot-woman1918 bar-staff1965 bar-person1976 1965 J. H. Coombs Bar Service p. ix Although primarily written for learner bar-staff this manual can be equally valuable to prospective brewery Tenants. 1986 Financial Times 24 Sept. i. 17/4 About 100,000 club stewards and bar staff in public houses and clubs learnt yesterday that they face a pay cut before Christmas. bar-stool n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > stool > [noun] > other stools standing stool1578 Turkey stool1640 back-stool1762 bar-stool1922 riempie stool1933 step-stool1966 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 430 Bob Doran, toppling from a high barstool, sways over the munching spaniel. bar-window n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > other types of window loop1393 shot-windowc1405 gable window1428 batement light1445 church window1458 shot1513 casement1538 dream-hole1559 luket1564 draw window1567 loop-window1574 loophole1591 tower-windowc1593 thorough lights1600 squinch1602 turret window1603 slit1607 close-shuts1615 gutter window1620 street lighta1625 balcony-window1635 clere-story window1679 slip1730 air-loop1758 Venetian1766 Venetian window1775 sidelight1779 lancet window1781 French casement1804 double window1819 couplet1844 spire-light1846 lancet1848 tower-light1848 triplet1849 bar-window1857 pair-light1868 nook window1878 coupled windows1881 three-light1908–9 north-light1919 storm window1933 borrowed light1934 Thermopane1941 storms1952 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iv. 84 The red curtains of the bar-window. (b) bar-loafing adj. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > behaviour > specific bar-loafing1889 1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 20 Sept. 2/5 The horse-collar bar-loafing buffoonery. d. Also barmaid n., barman n. 3. bar-parlour n. bar-room n. C2. Special combinations: bar-armature n. Electrical Engineering a bar-wound armature. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > armature > [noun] > types of ring armature1873 drum winding1886 bar-armature1888 shuttle armature1890 shuttle-wound armature1893 slotted armature1902 1888 S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electr. Machinery (ed. 3) Index 646 Bar Armatures. 1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 40/1 Bar armature, a large armature in which the windings are built up of copper bars instead of continuous wire. bar-bell n. a steel bar weighted with a ball of iron at each end, used as a dumb-bell. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > equipment > dumb-bells halteres1541 dumb-bell1785 bar-bell1887 1887 Hour Glass 1 17 A complete set of dumb-bell, bar-bell, marching and running exercises. 1895 Cal. Univ. Nebraska 1895–6 252 The gymnasium..is well equipped with clubs, wands, bar bells, and dumb bells. bar billiards n. a variation of billiards popular in bars and public houses, in which points are scored by striking the object balls into holes in the table, and penalties incurred if the wooden pegs that stand near the holes are knocked over. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > varieties of game carambole1775 portobello1777 carambole game1807 go-back game1839 pyramid1850 pin pool1864 shell-out1866 pocket billiards1871 pocket pool1877 snooker('s) pool1889 puff billiards1897 kelly1898 slosh1938 bar billiards1966 1966 T. Finn Watney Bk. Pub Games iii. 21 Bar billiards is of French origin, reaching this country some years ago, and spreading steadily from urban to rural areas. 1969 J. Wainwright Take-over Men viii. 136 Doing!.. What the hell d'you think I'm doing? Playing bar-billiards? 1982 Financial Times 3 Apr. i. 15/2 It is hard to imagine some of the other games—bar billiards, eight-ball pool, shove-ha'penny—working very well on the small screen. bar-boat n. (a) one marking the position of a bar (sense 15); (b) a boat adapted for carrying goods across the bar of a river. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels with other specific uses > [noun] > other vessels marking danger bar-boat1857 bell-boat1858 automatic pilot1897 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel for transporting people or goods > [noun] > ferry > types of toni1582 horse-boat1591 bac1676 ferry bridge1696 rope-ferry1755 pont1776 ferry flat1805 steam-ferry1812 steam ferry-boat1812 night boat1839 bar-boat1857 train ferry-boat1867 car ferry1884 grind1889 swinging-bridge1892 train ferry1900 night ferry1948 SeaCat1954 walla-walla1957 1857 C. Gribble in Mercantile Marine Mag. (1858) 5 4 The Bar-boat on he C. W. Bar. 1883 C. A. Moloney W. Afr. Fisheries 17 Bar-boats of seven to eight tons have been used at Lagos. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 635 [It is] too bad a bar for boats to cross; but a steamer on the Lagos bar boat plan might manage it. bar-boy n. a boy employed to fix and clean the fire-bars of a locomotive engine. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > tapster or barmaid tapsterc1000 drawer1379 wine-drawer1415 birlerc1440 shenkerc1440 trayer1473 tranter1500 skinker1575 lick-spigot1599 shot-shark1600 runner1601 skink1603 Hebe1606 Ganymede1608 squire of the gimlet1611 skinkard1615 bombard-man1616 bar-boy1631 faucet1631 tapstress1631 potman1652 barmaida1658 pot-boyc1662 tavern-drawer1709 tavern-boy1796 pot-girl1797 tap-boy1801 knight of the spigot1821 pewter-carrier1834 bartender1836 tap-waiter1836 barman1837 beer-boy1841 mixologist1856 bar-girl1857 mixer1858 gin slinger1871 swamper1907 tap-man1907 pot-woman1918 bar-staff1965 bar-person1976 1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 1st Pt. ii. 14 The next Vintage I hope to be Barre-boy. bar-button n. one in the shape of a bar. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > fastenings > button > types of hair-button1593 frog1635 bar-button1685 frost button1686 sleeve-button1686 berry-button1702 stud1715 pearl button1717 breast button1742 bell-button1775 shell button1789 red button1797 olivet1819 bullet-buttons1823 basket-button1836 all-over1838 top1852 olive1890 pearly1890 nail head1892 1685 London Gaz. No. 2072/4 And bar Buttons on the Coat sleeves. bar chart n. = bar diagram n. below. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram > graph > type of wave-line1888 periodogram1898 periodograph1899 Lorenz curve1909 bar chart1914 growth curve1916 bar diagram1923 bar graph1925 line graph1956 1914 Engin. Mag. Nov. 229/2 The horizontal scale for this curve is exactly the same as for the bar chart above. 1935 N.Y. Times 15 Sept. x. 6/4 Curves and bar charts are not easily remembered because the reader has seen other curves and bars..showing totally different facts. 1962 A. Battersby Guide to Stock Control iii. 26 We can draw a conventional ‘bar-chart’ or ‘histogram’ as in Fig. 9 by first grouping the figures into classes or ‘slices’ of the same range. 1985 Which Computer? Apr. 53/3 The word processor, for example, can leave space in a document for a bar chart produced by the spreadsheet. bar-code n. a machine-readable code consisting of a series of alternating lines and spaces of varying width, used esp. for stock control; cf. Universal Product Code n. at universal adj., n., and adv. Compounds; hence as v. transitive, to mark or provide with a bar-code. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [noun] > machine readable code bar-code1963 society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > mark for identification [verb (transitive)] > mark or provide with a bar-code bar-code1963 1963 W. J. Bijleveld Automatic Reading of Digits vi. 47 Addressograph-Multigraph suggests the use of digits with an external bar code... The digits with their bar-code to match are shown in fig. 67. 1970 O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing iii. 62 Certain cash registers can record a machine-readable bar code on the internal control tape with ink. 1978 Publishers Weekly 10 Apr. 36 The Council of Periodical Distributors has asked mass market publishers to..‘bar-code’ their books, so that distributors will be able to provide sales and returns information to publishers with greater speed. 1980 C. S. French Computer Sci. xv. 85 Optical reading is done by using printed ‘bar-codes’; ie alternating lines and spaces which represent data in binary. 1982 Times 23 Apr. 23/2 Manufacturers are bar-coding enough goods to make laser scanning an attractive commercial proposition. 1984 Listener 5 July 20/1 Have you ever tried to..talk to Ms. E. Budworth..about ISBN numbers and barcodes? bar-coded adj. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [adjective] > marked with a bar-code bar-coded1973 1973 Courier & Advertiser (Dundee) 21 Feb. 7/1 The 280's light pen will ‘read’ information from colour bar coded tags and data from 48 terminals can be fed into a central data unit and recorded on magnetic tape ready for computer processing. 1983 Listener 29 Sept. 38/4 With your special receiver and bar-coded Radio Times, you move a light-pen over the code for a selected programme. bar-coding n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > mark of identification > [noun] > machine readable code > providing with a bar-code bar-coding1977 1977 Grocer 3 Sept. 75/3 Article numbering and bar coding will offer..important benefits in terms of more efficient stock control. 1980 Daily Tel. 14 July 18/4 Bar-coding does away with the costly business of pricing each individual item and provides the customer with a print-out at the till of what was purchased. bar-cutter n. a shearing machine for cutting metallic bars into lengths; a shearing-machine for cutting metallic bars into lengths; a workman who passes the metal through the machine. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > cutting equipment > machines slitting-mill?1677 slit-mill1776 shear1845 nail cutter1851 plate shears1861 bar-cutter1874 paper cutter1880 guillotine1881 croppera1884 guillotine shears1884 nibbler1939 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > worker involved in shearing metal bar-cutter1874 shearer?1881 shearman?1881 cropper1921 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 229/2 Bar-cutter (Metal-working), a shearing-machine which cuts metallic bars into lengths. 1904 Westm. Gaz. 13 June 7/2 He gives bar-cutters an advance of a halfpenny per ton. bar diagram n. a statistical diagram in which numerical quantities are represented by the height or length of rectangles of equal width, drawn usually side by side along an axis. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram > graph > type of wave-line1888 periodogram1898 periodograph1899 Lorenz curve1909 bar chart1914 growth curve1916 bar diagram1923 bar graph1925 line graph1956 1923 R. Pearl Introd. Med. Biometry & Statistics vi. 109 Bar diagrams find perhaps their most appropriate field of usefulness in the graphic representation of discontinuous variates. 1956 Biometrika 43 245 He illustrated his British Family Antiquity with several beautifully executed bar diagrams…This type of diagram, Playfair conceded, had long been used in chronology. bar-diggings n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > staking claims > gold washing claims bar-diggings1881 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 105 Bar-diggings, gold-washing claims located on the bars (shallows) of a stream. bar-fee n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > jailer's fee bar-fee1641 civility money1694 jailage1853 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 38 Barre fee is a fee of twenty pence, which every prisoner acquitted of Felony payes to the Gaoler. bar-frame adj. (also bar-framed) (of a beehive) fitted with bars instead of sections. ΚΠ 1881 Gardening Illustr. 7 May 123/3 There would be no difficulty whatever in putting swarms of bees into a bar-frame hive, provided it has a movable top and floor-board. 1892 Garden 27 Aug. 188 Two and three-quarter supers from each bar frame hive have not been uncommon ‘takes,’ and the honey is remarkably good. 1906 Daily Chron. 18 June 6/6 Bar-frame beehives. 1906 Daily Chron. 1 Sept. 6/4 Bar-framed hives. bar-frame n. the frame which supports the metallic bars of a furnace. ΚΠ 1857 Engineer 9 Jan. 38/3 The scrapers are guided in a parallel iron bar frame. † bar-gate n. Obsolete a barrier-gate; also figurative (cf. sense 14). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > gate > other types of gate hatchOE leap-gate980 clicket gate?1499 court-gate1540 bar-gate1600 out-gate1648 hatch door1689 six-bar1711 heave-gate1736 farm gate1785 barrier-gate1834 Taranaki gate1937 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. ix. 222 Those two townes stood even against Hetruria, as it were the very keies and bar-gates [L. claustra] from thence. 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 574 Valiantly defending..the Barre-yates and entrance into the Towne. bar-gemel n. (see 6). bar-gown n. a lawyer's gown, figurative a lawyer. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > counsellor, barrister, or advocate advocatec1384 oratorc1384 prolocutor1493 counsellor1530 barristerc1545 barman1657 bar-gown1664 counsel1709 limb of the bar1815 blue bag1817 actor1875 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > robe or gown > types of > lawyer's robe pavilionc1400 bar-gown1664 1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 132 Others believe no Voice t' an Organ; So sweet as Lawyers in his Bar-gown. 1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin i. 4 Troops of Barr-gowns rang'd under her Banner. bar graph n. = bar diagram n. above. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > diagram > graph > type of wave-line1888 periodogram1898 periodograph1899 Lorenz curve1909 bar chart1914 growth curve1916 bar diagram1923 bar graph1925 line graph1956 1925 B. F. Young Statistics in Business xxx. 316 Bar-graphs in the form of progress charts are used to represent a changing condition such as the output of a factory. 1952 F. J. Monkhouse & H. R. Wilkinson Maps & Diagrams i. 27 Columnar diagrams, sometimes known as bar-graphs, consist of a series of columns or bars proportional in length to the quantities they represent. 1978 Gramophone June 122/3 This makes it possible to produce a real-time bar-graph frequency analysis in octave bands displayed on an ordinary television set. bar-head goose n. ( also bar-headed goose) a goose found in India and central Asia, Anser indicus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > [noun] > member of subfamily Anserinea (goose) > unspecified and miscellaneous types of quink1550 rin goose1639 wavey1705 snow-goose1771 bean-goose1776 Ross's goose1873 bar-head goose1879 saddleback1885 1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 777/2 The Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus). 1924 Glasgow Herald 29 July 8 The barhead goose and the ruddy sheldrak collect in flocks on the Tibetan swamps. bar-hive n. a bar-framed beehive. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > types of winter stalla1300 remover1623 swarmer1855 bar-hive1884 1884 J. Phin Dict. Apiculture 70 Bars, strips of wood to which combs are attached, and from which they hang in bar-hives. bar-iron n. iron wrought into malleable bars. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [noun] > type of iron > bar-iron bar-iron1677 1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 57 Infinite quantities of Raw Iron..with Bar Iron and Wire. 1860 H. Stuart Novice's or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 59 The best bar-iron is obtained from Sweden. bar-keel n. one composed of rectangular bars of iron or steel. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel > types of sliding keel1797 centreboard1828 bilge-keel1850 ram1851 rocker1859 sidebar keel1869 bar-keel1874 plate-keel1874 bilge-piece1880 fin1885 bulb-keel1893 fin-keel1893 ballast fin1894 bulb-fin1894 plate1895 drop-keel1896 1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. iv. xvii. 268 The Bar Keel..is generally of hammered iron, made in pieces as long as can be conveniently forged. bar-keep n. U.S. a bar-keeper (for refreshments). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > inn or tavern keeping > innkeeper tappera1000 tapsterc1000 wifeOE taverner1340 gannekerc1380 tippler1396 alewifec1400 vintnerc1430 alehouse-keeperc1440 ale-taker1454 innholder1463 cellarman1547 ale draper?1593 pint pot1598 ale-man1600 nick-pot1602 tavern-keeper1611 beer-monger1622 kaniker1630 ordinary keeper1644 padrone1670 tap-lash?1680 ale-dame1694 public house keeper1704 bar-keeper1712 publican1728 tavern-man1755 Boniface1795 knight of the spigot1821 licensed victualler1824 thermopolite1832 bar-keep1846 saloon-keeper1849 posadero1851 Wirt1858 bung1860 changer1876 patron1878 bar-tender1883 soda-jerker1883 bar steward1888 pub-keeper1913 1846 Spirit of Times (N.Y.) 4 July 218/2 We embarked..in company with..a barkeep to mix the l-q-rs. 1902 R. Kipling Captive in Traffics & Discov. (1904) 8 Take away his hair and his gun and he'd make a first-class Schenectady bar-keep. 1918 H. A. Vachell Some Happenings i. 2 Hobo listened attentively to the bar-keep. 1926 B. Cronin Red Dawson vii There's no one with her but Lee Wing and the bar-keep. bar-keeper n. one who keeps or manages a bar for refreshments, who keeps a toll-bar, or keeps guard at a barrier. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > inn or tavern keeping > innkeeper tappera1000 tapsterc1000 wifeOE taverner1340 gannekerc1380 tippler1396 alewifec1400 vintnerc1430 alehouse-keeperc1440 ale-taker1454 innholder1463 cellarman1547 ale draper?1593 pint pot1598 ale-man1600 nick-pot1602 tavern-keeper1611 beer-monger1622 kaniker1630 ordinary keeper1644 padrone1670 tap-lash?1680 ale-dame1694 public house keeper1704 bar-keeper1712 publican1728 tavern-man1755 Boniface1795 knight of the spigot1821 licensed victualler1824 thermopolite1832 bar-keep1846 saloon-keeper1849 posadero1851 Wirt1858 bung1860 changer1876 patron1878 bar-tender1883 soda-jerker1883 bar steward1888 pub-keeper1913 society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > other English officials wicknerc1000 purveyorc1425 remembrancer1431 Clerk of the Market1451 secondary1461 water bailiff1590 Master of the Jewel House1597 clerk of the remembrance1607 well-reeve?1648 stairer1695 bar-keeper1818 waste-inspector1898 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 534. ⁋5 I am..bar-keeper of a coffee-house. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiv. 218 Miss Williams..was hired in quality of bar-keeper. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ix, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 226 Securing, through his interest with the bar-keepers and macers, a seat for Deans. 1883 Harper's Mag. May 820/2 The firm of barkeepers. bar magnet n. a magnet in the form of a straight bar. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric polarization > [noun] > polarized material bar magnet1821 electret1885 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > magnet bar magnet1821 electromagnet1821 tension magnet1891 growler1922 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > magnetic devices or materials > [noun] > a magnet > of specific shape terrella1613 horseshoe magnet1785 bar magnet1821 U-magnet1888 1821 R. Phillips Let. 12 Sept. in M. Faraday Corr. (1991) I. 223 I think the analogy between the helix & common bar magnet far stronger than before. 1894 S. R. Bottone Electr. Instr. Making (ed. 6) 156 A bar-magnet, around one pole of which is coiled about a hundred feet of..copper wire. 1992 Prediction May 20/2 The simple bar magnet analogy is a good expression of the dipole form of Earth's magnetism. bar-movement n. a type of watch movement in which the upper pivots are carried in bars. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > parts of barrel1591 motion1605 bezel1616 fusee1622 string1638 crown wheel1646 out-case1651 watch-box1656 nuck1664 watchwork1667 balance-wheel1669 box1675 dial wheel1675 counter-potence1678 pendulum-balance1680 watch-case1681 pillar1684 contrate teeth1696 pinion of report1696 watch-hook1698 bob-balance1701 half-cock1701 potence1704 verge1704 pad1705 movable1709 jewel1711 pendant1721 crystal1722 watch-key1723 pendulum spring1728 lock spring1741 watch-glass1742 watch-spring1761 all-or-nothing piece1764 watch hand1764 cylinder1765 cannon?1780 cannon1802 stackfreed1819 pillar plate1821 little hand1829 hair-spring1830 lunette1832 all-or-nothing1843 locking1851 slag1857 staff1860 case spring1866 stem1866 balance-cock1874 watch-dial1875 balance-spring1881 balance-staff1881 Breguet spring1881 overcoil1881 surprise-piece1881 brass edge1884 button turn1884 fourth wheel1884 fusee-sink1884 pair-case1884 silver bar1884 silver piece1884 slang1884 top plate1884 karrusel1893 watch-face1893 watch bracelet1896 bar-movement1903 jewel pivot1907 jewel bearing1954 1903 F. J. Garrard Watch Repairing i. 1 To describe, in general terms, the mechanism of a watch..a Geneva ‘bar’ movement will be used as an illustration..as its ‘bar’ construction enables all the wheelwork to be seen. 1962 E. Bruton Dict. Clocks & Watches 21 Bar movement, early form of partly machine-made watch movement in which bars, or bridges and cocks, are used to hold bearings for one pivot of each wheel, for easy dismantling. bar-parlour n. a small room adjoining the bar of a public-house. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tavern or public house > parlour or snug parlour1631 box1691 grocery1806 snuggery1829 snug1838 snug1860 bar-parlour1876 beer-parlour1925 1876 E. Jenkins Blot on Queen's Head 4 To hold meetings in the bar-parlour and the coffee-room. bar-pin n. (see sense 11). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor > for wine > fastening pin bar1520 bar-pin1611 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Empeigne, the barre-pinnes of a peece of caske. bar-point n. the point or division nearest the bar in the outer ‘table’ of a backgammon board. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > backgammon > [noun] > board > point > specific point size-point1552 bar-point1743 trois point1745 cinque-point1778 1743 E. Hoyle Backgammon ii. 10 The next best Point (after you have gained your Cinq. Point) is to make your Barr Point. ?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle Backgammon 142 The next best point..is to make your bar-point. bar-post n. the post which receives the ends of movable bars used instead of a gate. bar-room n. the public room containing the bar in a tavern or hotel, a taproom; also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar tapstryc1460 ale stand1588 tap1725 bar-room1797 taproom1807 estaminet1814 saloon1841 sample room1865 cantina1892 mahogany1896 beverage room1936 spit and sawdust1937 1797 J. Hiltzheimer Diary 28 July (1893) 245 Seider's contrivance for bringing water from a spring in his garden, through pipes into his bar-room. 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. III. lxxx. 231 The bar-room of a public-house is what in England is called a tap-room. 1839 C. M. Kirkland New Home i. 9 When my husband..drew with a piece of chalk on the bar-room table at Danforth's the plan of a village. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xvi. 203 Major Pawkins proposed an adjournment to a neighbouring bar-room. 1946 W. H. Auden in H. James Amer. Scene (new ed.) Introd. p. v One can easily imagine Stendhal or Tolstoi or Dostoievsky becoming involved in a bar-room fight, but James, never. 1954 Encounter Mar. 19/1 Those women in Western movies who share the hero's understanding of life are prostitutes (or, as they are usually presented, bar-room entertainers). bar-share plough n. one with a bar extending backward from the point of the share. bar-shear n. = (bar-cutter n.). bar-shoe n. a horseshoe with a bar across the hinder part to protect the tender frog of the heel. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > horseshoe > types of horseshoe remove1512 lunette1566 half-moon shoe1607 pancelet1607 plate1607 patten shoe1639 linnet-hole1662 cross-bar shoe1675 interfering shoe1678 pantofle shoe1696 panton shoe1696 cutting-shoe1711 skim1795 skimmer1801 bar-shoe1831 sandal1831 tip1831 racket1846 hipposandal1847 slipper1903 stumbling-shoe1908 mud-shoe1940 1831 W. Youatt Horse (1872) xx. 437 A bar-shoe is the common shoe with the heels carried round to meet each other, thus forming a bar. 1832 M. R. Mitford Our Village V. 90 Colman thinks it's only a prick..and advises one of his bar shoes. bar-shot n. a double shot consisting of two half cannon-balls joined by an iron bar, used in sea-warfare to injure masts and rigging. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shot collectively > shot > of large guns fricasseec1575 murdering shot1583 chain-shota1586 crossbar1589 cross-bar shot1591 case shot1599 langrel1627 trundle-shot1627 partridge1635 chain-bullet1636 pelican1639 case1642 spike-shota1661 double-head1678 double-headed shot1678 partridge-shot1683 grape1687 burrel-shot1706 double1707 angel-shot1730 grapeshot1747 star shot1753 bar-shot1756 langrage1769 canister1801 stang-ball1802 chain1804 canister-shot1809 tier-shot1828 pot-leg1852 six-pounder1855 shunt shot1864 sand-shot1867 mitraille1868 1756 Gentleman's Mag. 26 506 The great quantity of bar-shot..which the French fired in upon us, tore our sails. bar-silver n. silver in bars (cf. 3). bar-soap n. soap made up into bars as distinguished from soap in cakes or tablets; also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > form of soap soft soap?a1425 washing-ball1538 ball1575 tablet1582 musk ball1589 liquid soap1600 soap-ball1601 wash-ball1601 savonette1702 brick soap1753 bar-soap1824 bar1834 sand-ball1846 soap powder1865 leaf1882 soap leaf1909 soap flakes1926 shower gel1970 1824 Catawba Jrnl. (Charlotte, N. Carolina) 26 Oct. 10 [dozen] Bar Soap. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It iv. 41 A piece of yellow bar soap. 1893 Earl of Dunmore Pamirs I. 64 Some common yellow bar-soap. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 25 Oct. 7/2 Bar-soap sellers. bar-super n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > parts of moutha1398 stool?1523 skirt1555 hackle1609 smoot1615 imp1618 bolster1623 cop1623 underlaya1642 hack1658 tee-hole1669 frame1673 hood1686 alighting board1780 body box1823 superhive1847 super1855 quilt1870 queen excluder1881 bar-super1884 brood box1888 1884 J. Phin Dict. Apiculture 70 A bar super is simply a case or crate in which the honeycomb is hung from bars. bar tacker n. (see quot.); so bar tack, bar-tacking. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > sewing > sewing in other ways > one who hemmer1483 baster1854 machinist1879 sewing machinist?1881 whipper?1881 machiner1888 tucker1905 Blake-sewer1921 overlocker1921 bar tacker1924 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > sewing > sewing in other ways hemminga1300 back-stitch1611 buttonholing1828 felling1840 pintucking1903 stab-stitching1917 prick-stitching1952 bar tack1955 bar-tacking1959 pad stitching1960 1924 Census 1921: Classif. Industries §419 Bar Tacker, [1927 Dict. Occup. Terms 'baists or tacks round butttonholes of tailored garments, to keep parts together before holes are cut']. 1955 J. E. Liberty Pract. Tailoring (ed. 2) xi. 204 The Bar Tack is usually done with buttonhole twist. A bar of two or three stitches is formed... It is then worked with a small over stitching from end to end. 1959 J. Yates-Benyow Weak & Wicked x. 151 Other unfamiliar-sounding occupations necessary for the output of up-to-date off-the-peg clothing—..bar-tacking. bar-tailed godwit n. see godwit n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Limosa (godwit) > limosa lapponica (bar-tailed godwit) preen1548 yarwhelp1577 pick1655 stone plover1678 red-breasted godwit1747 red godwit1768 strand plover1772 bar-tailed godwit1828 bar-tailed godwit1828 kuaka1873 1828 J. Fleming Hist. Brit. Animals 107 L. rufa. Bar-tailed Godwit.—All the tail-feathers with black and white bands. 1980 J. Gooders Bird Seeker's Guide (1981) 106 About 40,000 bar-tailed godwits winter in Britain, mostly in the north-west and east on the larger estuaries. bar-tailed pheasant n. Reeves' pheasant, Syrmaticus reevesi. ΚΠ 1906 N.E.D. at Pheasant Bar-tailed pheasant. bar-tin n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > tin > block tin block tin1668 bar-tin1746 brick tin1753 1746 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea (1753) II. xiv. 81 A quantity of bar tin. bar-tracery n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > tracery > types of stump tracery1835 wheel1835 geometrical tracery1849 plate tracery1850 fanning1851 bar-tracery1861 wheel-tracery1913 mouchette1927 1861 J. H. Parker Introd. Study Gothic Archit. (ed. 2) Gloss. 241 Bar-tracery, that kind of window-tracery which distinguishes Gothic work, resembling more a bar of iron twisted into various forms than stone. bar-way n. a passage into a field, closed by movable horizontal bars fitted into vertical posts. ΚΠ 1802 W. Marwick in White's Wks. Nat. Hist. II. 182 On my approaching the bar-way, they [sc. the partridges] all rose, some on my right and some on my left hand. bar-ways adv. in the manner of a bar. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [adverb] > barwise bar-ways1572 bar-wise1864 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 130 A Bores head..betwene two dartes barwaies. bar winding n. Electrical Engineering an armature-winding consisting of metal bars. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > armature > [noun] > types of winding ring winding1887 lap winding1892 wave winding1892 slot winding1900 barrel winding1902 bar winding1903 1903 F. B. de Gress tr. Arnold Armature Windings 86 The author uses this kind of bar winding for 4-pole and other multipolar lighting generators using notched armatures. 1907 Hobart & Ellis Armature Construction ix. 227 In such cases it is more usual to carry out the winding as a ‘bar winding’, where the conductors or bars are slipped into the slots from the end, and then connected up into coils by means of separate V-end connectors all the same size and shape. bar-wise adv. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [adverb] > barwise bar-ways1572 bar-wise1864 1864 C. Boutell Heraldry Hist. & Pop. vii. 33 A Riband crossing the shield bar-wise. bar-wound adj. of an armature: fitted with bars instead of wires. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > armature > [adjective] > type of shunt-wound1883 flat-ring1884 bar-wound1902 former-wound1902 slot-wound1931 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 583/2 If, however, the current in each conductor is large, the drum armature must be bar-wound. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 76/1 Bar-wound armature, an armature with large sectioned conductors which are insulated and fixed in position and connected, in contrast with former-wound conductors which are sufficiently thin to be inserted, after shaping in a suitable jig. Draft additions September 2013 Lacemaking. The delicate network which connects the patterns in lace; the bride (see bride n.² 4). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > pattern > network which connects patterns bar1852 brides1864 leg1864 1852 Ladies' Compan. May 258/2 Work along the bar, closely, till you come again to the last picot of the last loop. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 511/2 Venetian bar..is used in modern Point Lace. 1953 M. Powys Lace & Lace-making xi. 172 At the end of the bar continue overcasting the edge of the braid to the place of the next bar. 1991 Martha Stewart Living Spring 73/3 Originally, ornaments were made large, connected by few bars, or ‘brides’, in a style typically Italian. 2005 J. Davis Bead Embroidery 88 Work a woven bar halfway, make a picot stitch on each side, then complete the bar. Draft additions September 2013 = handlebar n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > handle-bars handlebar1878 bar1908 aero bar1988 1908 Pop. Mech. Apr. 119 (advt.) The Auto-Bi. 3 Horse Power. 4 to 40 miles per hour. Controlled with one hand without removing hands from bars. 1936 Boys' Life June 15/1 The bike crashed head on into a water tub. Danny..shot neatly over the bars. 1978 R. Watson & M. Gray Penguin Bk. Bicycle ii. 61 The old ‘roadster’ used flat bars with the grips parallel with the bike. 1993 Super Bike Jan. 57/1 A big, roomy saddle, comfortable bars,..and, of course, the smoothest, widest throttle in production motorcycling. 2005 Cycling Plus Apr. 55/2 One of the most common errors when buying a road bike is to have the bars too long and too low, especially for the shorter torso′ed woman. Draft additions September 2013 bar association n. originally U.S. any of various organizations drawing membership from the bar (sense 26a) and representing the interests of the legal profession, esp. in a specified region; frequently (with capital initials) in the names of such organizations. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > other types of association, society, or organization invisible college1647 rota1660 working party1744 free association1761 working committee1821 Ethical Society1822 bar association1824 league1846 congress1870 tiger1874 cult1875 Daughters of the American Revolution1890 community group1892 housing association1898 working party1902 development agency1910 affinity group1915 propaganda machine1916 funding body1922 collective1925 Ku-Klux1930 network1946 NGO1946 production brigade1950 umbrella organization1950 plantation1956 think-tank1958 think group1961 team1990 1824 Mississippi State Gaz. 21 Aug. A meeting of the Bar Association, held at the Court House in the City of Natchez. 1826 Acts of Gen. Assembly S.-Carolina 19 All those persons who now are, or hereafter may become members of the South Carolina Bar Association. 1871 Albany Law Jrnl. 25 Mar. 229/1 The Bar Association of New York city has..done nothing at all in furtherance of the principal avowed objects of its organization. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 4/2 He might have written essays about it for the law journals or made a speech to the bar association. 1966 Law Library Jrnl. 59 447 The pro bono aspects of the American Bar Association must be financed out of membership. 1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 22 Sept. 6/3 The Canadian Bar Association's resolution... called for the decriminalization of possession..of marijuana for personal private use. 2011 Vanity Fair Sept. 213 Her father was..head of the Versailles bar association. Draft additions September 2013 bar car n. now chiefly U.S. a railway carriage containing a bar serving (esp. alcoholic) drinks and light meals; cf. buffet-car n. at buffet n.³ 3b, restaurant car n. at restaurant n. Compounds 2.In quot. 1915: a canteen wagon for soldiers. ΚΠ 1915 Aeroplane 10 Mar. 222/1 The bar-cars are to provide refreshments to the troops abroad. 1933 Times 2 Oct. 13/7 On the Brussels-Paris line ‘bar cars’ are to be run in which a meal may be had for 15f., which is less than the normal restaurant bar charge. 1966 G. Parks Choice of Weapons xviii. 192 When the Chicago Northwestern Railway hired me on a bar car as a porter, I decided then and there that I was an assistant bartender. 2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 5 Oct. v. 12/3 Back on the train, time passed easily, with the hours spent drinking beer in the bar car and snoozing with the rocking ride. Draft additions September 2013 bar council n. (frequently with capital initials) any of various bodies regulating the activities of the bar (sense 26a); spec. (in the United Kingdom) a body of elected barristers and other members appointed by these barristers, founded in 1894, which sets standards of conduct within the profession, regulates the education of prospective barristers, and represents barristers' interests (more formally called General Council of the Bar). ΚΠ 1857 Evening Star 17 Dec. He [sc. a French advocate] fought his duel, although the bar council interdicted it. 1894 Times 16 July 13/1 Those bodies had no power to delegate their functions to the Bar Council. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxvi. 110 It was notorious that any fool could pass the examinations of the Bar Council. 1992 D. Pannick Advocates v. 164 In a 1981 ruling the Bar Council of New South Wales demonstrated greater wisdom by regarding human life as a higher value than client confidentiality. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) vii. 159 When the Bar Council tried to persuade members of the Bar to contribute..to a scheme to support young, disadvantaged lawyers..it was the rich commercial lawyers who objected. Draft additions September 2013 bar flap n. the part of a bar counter (typically at one of its short sides) which lifts upwards on a hinge to allow access behind the counter. ΚΠ 1849 Times 27 Apr. 4/2 The waiter..opened the door at the foot of the stairs, as well as the bar-flap. 1931 R. Aldington Colonel's Daughter 197 The landlord dived under the bar-flap, seized Mr. Wrigley by the coat collar, ..and hurled him into the road. 2001 G. Joseph Homegrown xviii. 253 Keith had lifted the bar-flap and was now on the shop side of the counter. Draft additions March 2007 a. Athletics. In the high jump and similar sports: the bar which competitors must clear for a successful jump. ΚΠ 1869 Times 10 Mar. 5 d On lowering the bar 3in. Scott obtained second prize. 1887 M. Shearman Athletics & Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) v. 153 If the ‘take-off’ is..so slippery as to make the jumper nervous of falling, he may..jump into the bar instead of over it. 1902 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 18 Nov. 3/4 In the case of a tie the officials shall raise or lower the bar at their discretion. 1968 Listener 24 Oct. 560/2 With his incredible ‘Fosbury Flop’ he has invented a technique for clearing the bar which seems to be more efficient than all others. 1996 Star-Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 8 June 8 c After..clearing 15 feet on his first try, the Edina senior asked officials..to raise the bar six inches to 15-6. b. figurative. A required level of attainment, an expected standard. Chiefly in to raise (also lower, set) the bar. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > a standard or norm > viewed as object of endeavour, etc. standard1711 bar1976 1976 Sun (Lowell, Mass.) 5 Sept. (Sun/Day Mag.) 10/5 Once that goal is reached,..stay at the task until it's consolidated and has proven that it's solid over time. Then set the bar higher and go on to a tougher objective. 1989 Toronto Post (Nexis) 5 June a20 Canada Post has also abandoned all thought of same-day delivery of first-class letters... ‘They lowered the bar,..’ says Botting, of the small-business federation. 1993 Fort Collins (Colorado) Triangle Rev. 1 Apr. 3/4 It's also time to ‘raise the bar’ on the quality of leadership in Fort Collins. 1993 N.Y. Times 3 Nov. b18/4 Expectations were fairly low last time... Now the bar is higher. 2002 Daily Express (E. Malaysia) 21 Nov. 22/1 The Bond films, which began with 1962's ‘Dr. No,’ in which Swiss actress Ursula Andress set the bar. Draft additions June 2006 barback n. North American (a) a piece of furniture designed to stand behind a bar, typically incorporating a counter and storage space as well as decorative elements such as mirrors; (b) an employee at a bar who assists the bartender. ΚΠ 1947 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 23 Sept. 27/2 (advt.) Complete grill and bar equipment, Bar back, bar booths, cooler, etc. 1974 Washington Post 20 July f11/6 (advt.) Bar Porter/Barback—Good pay, annual & sick leave, health & life insurance. 1994 Boston Herald (Nexis) 26 Aug. s13 Shiny foil Christmas garlands loop across the mirrored barback. 1999 D. LeHane Gone, Baby, Gone (2001) xxix. 329 Pouring beers and shots nonstop, trying to keep abreast of the calls for more.., sending barbacks to wade through the men and sweep up the broken bottles. Draft additions March 2006 bar band n. chiefly North American a (local or amateur) rock group of a kind that typically performs in bars or other small venues. ΚΠ 1970 Washington Post 9 Dec. c1/3 He's played with different local bar bands..for nearly five years. 1991 D. Richler Kicking Tomorrow xx. 344 He snorted at weathered posters glued up around the city for bar bands he knew were doomed to fail. 1994 Time 4 Apr. 79/2 But her record company, Warner Bros., eventually dropped her, finding her mix of barband rock and oozy blues tough to market. Draft additions June 2006 barware n. originally U.S. the articles used in mixing and serving drinks, such as glasses, decanters, and cocktail shakers. ΚΠ 1866 Morning Herald (Titusville, Pa.) 28 Feb. (advt.) E. H. Crittenden is selling $58,000 worth of liquors, cigars and bar-ware. 1970 New Yorker 17 Oct. 128/3 (advt.) The..beauty of..crystal barware. 2005 D. Jewel Groom's Game Plan ix. 135 A common mistake: registering for enough barware to fill every joint on Bourbon Street. Before you add on the Brandy snifters, ask yourself, ‘Do I even like brandy?’ Draft additions June 2021 In plural. In the language of hip-hop or rap music: a set of lyrics; a line in a rap song. to spit bars: to rap. to have got bars: to be a talented rapper or lyricist. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [noun] > lyrics wordseOE ditty1552 recitative1659 testo1724 lyric1876 pop lyric1960 verbal1964 bars1994 1994 ‘O. C.’ O-Zone (transcribed from song) in Word...Life ‘Yo, man, I can flow.’ So what? Every one, two, or three bars, all I hear is a cuss. 2007 ‘N. Minaj’ Playtime is Over (transcribed from song) Playtime is over, when I spit bars My mixtape bring all the boys to the yard. 2020 DJ WhySham 8 Sept. in www.allstonpudding (accessed 10 Dec. 2020) The females got bars. I want them to rap on some drill beats. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † barn.² Etymology: < Old French bar, ber (also bars , bers ) < late Latin bāro (also bārus ), from the accusative of which, bārōnem , came Old French baron baron n. Obsolete. rare. A baron (see baron n.). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > baron or baroness > [noun] > baron barona1200 bar1297 lorda1450 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 544 Ech bar him..out of toune drou. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). barn.³ Etymology: < French bar ‘the fish called a Base’ (Cotgrave) A large acanthopterygious European fish ( Sciæna aquila), also known as the maigre. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sciaenidae (drums) > [noun] > member of genus Argyrosomus (maigre) meagre1569 shade-fisha1717 bar1748 1748 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 4) III. 281 [In Jersey is found] the Bar, an exquisite Fish, sometimes two Feet in Length. 1863 Life in Norm. I. 166 I sold them all, except one nice bar and a brill. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2018). barn.⁴ Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion; modelled on a German lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from German. Etymons: bargh n.; German berg-. Etymology: Either (i) < bargh n. (compare bargh n. 3), after German berg-, in compounds (see below); or (ii) directly < German berg- mining (in e.g. Bergmeister barmaster n.), specific use (in compounds) of Berg mountain (see barrow n.¹).Apparently only in barmaster n. and barmote n., although compare also barghest n. (= German berg): see barmaster n., barmote n. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2019). barn.⁵ Brit. /bɑː/, U.S. /bɑr/ Forms: 1700s bère, 1700s–1800s bear, 1700s– baire, 1800s bier, 1800s– bar. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French baire. Etymology: < Louisiana French baire, berre, bère, ber large piece of canvas tucked around bedding to bar mosquitoes (1719), perhaps a variant of French barre bar n.¹ Compare mosquito bar n.Compare Louisiana French Creole bèr, bè in the same sense. U.S. regional (southern). Now rare. A mosquito net. Also as a modifier in bar netting. Cf. mosquito bar n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > pest control > [noun] > devices or substances for repelling mosquitoes > net or canopy fen-canopy1658 toldo1772 bar1775 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida 228 Baires are a kind of tent made of a light coarse cloth, like canvas gauze, called by the French villemontiers. 1847 C. Lanman Summer in Wilderness xxiv. 143 Had I not taken with me..bar netting..the creatures would have eaten me. 1894 ‘M. Twain’ Those Extraordinary Twins vii, in Pudd'nhead Wilson (new ed.) 415 Get their bed ready..and see that you drive all the mosquitoes out of their bar. 1969 Monroe (Louisiana) News-Star 18 June 8 d/4 (advt.) All Nylon Mesh Army Style Mosquito Net..Bulk bar netting—Army style design. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021). barn.⁶ Brit. /bɑː/, U.S. /bɑr/ Etymology: < Greek βάρος weight; compare isobar n. 1. A unit of pressure equivalent to one dyne per square centimetre. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > pressure > units of pressure bar1903 torr1949 Pascal1956 Pa1964 1903 T. W. Richards & W. N. Stull New Method determining Compressibility 43 Might not the pressure of a dyne per square centimeter be suitably called a bar? 2. A unit of barometric pressure equivalent to a pressure of 29·53 inches or 750·1 mm. of mercury at 0° C. in latitude 45°. (See also quot. 1918.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > study or science of specific conditions or phenomena > [noun] > art of barometric observation > units of barometric pressure bar1910 centibar1910 mbar1910 millibar1910 mb1916 1910 V. Bjerknes et al. Dynamic Meteorol. & Hydrogr. i. i. 7 It will be necessary for us to have names for the employed units of pressure..some name derived from the word ‘barometer’. We shall choose the name bar as being the shortest, and designate the decimal parts of it as the decibar, centibar, and millibar. 1910 V. Bjerknes et al. Dynamic Meteorol. & Hydrogr. i. i. 7 We find that 1 meter of mercury at 0° C. at a place where gravity has this standard value exerts the pressure of 1·333193 bars. 1914 Q. Jrnl. Royal Meteorol. Soc. 40 160 I [sc. Bjerknes] therefore coined the terms ‘bar’, ‘decibar’, ‘centibar’, and ‘millibar’, as names for the units of pressure... I employed these expressions for the first time in a paper published in 1906 [in Beiträge zur Physik der freien Atmosphäre, Strassburg]. 1917 A. McAdie in Ann. Astron. Observ. Harvard LXXXIII. 47 The term millibar was unfortunately used by Bjerknes in his ‘Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography’. He defined the bar as a megadyne atmosphere, seemingly unaware of a prior use of the word by Richards and others in its proper sense. 1918 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (new ed.) 43 Bar..was introduced into practical meteorology by V. Bjerknes, and objection has been raised by McAdie..on the ground that the name had been previously appropriated by chemists to the C.G.S. unit of pressure, the dyne per square centimetre. The meteorological bar is thus one million chemical bars, and what chemists call a bar we should call a microbar. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † Barn.⁷ Etymology: Abbreviation of baronet n. = baronet n.; now Bart. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > position of commander in an order > baronet banneret1297 baronet1614 knight baronet1632 Bar1720 1720 London Gaz. No. 5906/8 Sir Joseph Hodges, Bar. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2021). barv. Brit. /bɑː/, U.S. /bɑr/ Forms: Middle English–1600s bare, barre, 1600s barr, Middle English– bar. Past tense and participle barred /bɑːd/, Middle English–1500s bard. Etymology: Middle English barre-n , < Old French barre-r (12th cent. in Littré), < barre bar n.¹ I. To make fast, fasten in, or out, with bars. 1. transitive. a. To make fast (a door, etc.) by a bar or bars fixed across it; to fasten up or close (a place) with bars. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.) > bolt, bar, or lock sparc1175 pena1200 louka1225 bara1300 shutc1320 lockc1325 clicketc1390 keyc1390 pinc1390 sneckc1440 belocka1450 spare?c1450 latch1530 to lock up1549 slot1563 bolt1574 to lock to?1575 double-lock1594 stang1598 obserate1623 padlock1722 button1741 snib1808 chain1839 a1300 Cursor Mundi 2788 Faste þe dores gon he bare. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 444/1 He hath barred his wyndowes with yron in stede of lattesses. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xiv. 6018 The Troiens..tyrnyt the ȝates, Barret hom bigly with barres of yrne. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. i. 180 A iewell in a ten times bard vp chest. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Neh. vii. 3 Shut the doores and barre them. View more context for this quotation 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. B4 Bacler les ports, to bar in the gun-ports of a ship. 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl.* ii. v. 187 The scholars..barred the School against the master. figurative.1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island i. xvii. 5 Their hearts with lead, with steel their sense is barr'd.c1750 W. Shenstone Ruin'd Abbey 169 Heard..Heavn's decree With unremitting vengeance bar the skies.1813 W. Scott Rokeby ii. xi. 69 Hearts..as marble hard, 'Gainst faith, and love, and pity barred. †b. To surround with a barrier or fence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclose [verb (transitive)] > with a fence or hedge haya1050 frith1377 hain14.. hedgea1425 fence1435 tinec1440 bara1500 mound1515 fence1535 teen1616 mile1655 picket1745 ring-fence1761 zariba1885 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > furnish or surround with fence or hedge haya1050 palea1382 palis?a1400 hain14.. tinec1440 bara1500 mound1515 impale1530 stowerc1555 palisado1607 teen1616 palisade1632 impile1633 cancel1650 wire1691 inrail1714 ring-fence1761 whin-kid1876 a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1188 To the felde þey farde, The place was barryd and dyght. 2. a. To fasten in, shut up, or confine securely (a person or thing) by means of bars. Also transferred and figurative. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > confine [verb (transitive)] beloukOE loukOE sparc1175 pena1200 bepen?c1225 pind?c1225 prison?c1225 spearc1300 stopc1315 restraina1325 aclosec1350 forbara1375 reclosea1382 ward1390 enclose1393 locka1400 reclusea1400 pinc1400 sparc1430 hamperc1440 umbecastc1440 murea1450 penda1450 mew?c1450 to shut inc1460 encharter1484 to shut up1490 bara1500 hedge1549 hema1552 impound1562 strain1566 chamber1568 to lock up1568 coop1570 incarcerate1575 cage1577 mew1581 kennel1582 coop1583 encagea1586 pound1589 imprisonc1595 encloister1596 button1598 immure1598 seclude1598 uplock1600 stow1602 confine1603 jail1604 hearse1608 bail1609 hasp1620 cub1621 secure1621 incarcera1653 fasten1658 to keep up1673 nun1753 mope1765 quarantine1804 peg1824 penfold1851 encoop1867 oubliette1884 jigger1887 corral1890 maroon1904 to bang up1950 to lock down1971 a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 39 I was neuer bard ere..In sich an oostré as this! 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. iv. xxi. 89 & barre him vp in walles. 1661 R. Davenport City Nt.-Cap ii, in I. Reed Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Plays (1780) XI. 297 I lock'd him Into my heart, and double-barr'd him there With reason and opinion. 1850 H. Martineau Hist. Eng. during 30 Years' Peace II. iv. xii. 158 Some peasants..barred themselves into the yard of a cottage. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. ii. iii. 158 Efficient bolts they are; The greatest wealth they safely bar! b. to bar out: to shut out with a bar or bars. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > be on the outside of [verb (transitive)] > keep or shut out > by a wall, fence, or bar pale1597 to bar outa1653 to wall off1799 a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 32 Yee grace barre out, and vanitie bolt in. 1680 W. Allen Perswasive to Peace & Unity (ed. 2) 73 Sins..for which the Scripture doth expresly bar Men out of the Kingdom of Heaven. 1858 G. MacDonald Phantastes 12 Their crowded stems barred the sunlight out. [See barring n.¹] 3. To close or obstruct (a way of approach) by some barrier; to block up, make impassable. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close by obstruction or block up > block the way or a passage forsetc900 withseta1300 stop13.. speara1325 withsperre1330 to stop one's way1338 shut1362 forbara1375 beseta1400 stopc1400 precludea1513 interclude1526 to shut up1526 forestall1528 fence1535 hedge1535 quar1542 foreclose1548 forestop1566 to flounder up1576 obstruct1578 bar1590 retrench1590 to shut the door in (also upon) (a person's) face1596 barricade1606 barricado1611 thwartc1630 blocka1644 overthwart1654 rebarricado1655 to choke up1673 blockade1696 embarrass1735 snow1816 roadblock1950 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. viii. sig. G7^v With his body bard the way atwixt them twaine. 1680 W. Temple Ess. Advancem. Trade Ireland in Wks. (1731) I. 120 The Haven of Dublin is barr'd to that degree, as very much to obstruct the Trade of the City. 1855 C. Kingsley Heroes ii. 213 Sciron..had barred the path with stones. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) i. §6. 49 The two forts with which the king barred the river. figurative.1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 165. ⁋2 The passes of the intellect are barred against her by prejudice and passion. 4. To obstruct, stop, or prevent (a person's progress, or a person in his or her progress). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stop the movement of > cause to be arrested or intercepted in progress warna1250 foreclosec1290 dit1362 stayc1440 stopc1440 set1525 suppress1547 bar1578 frontier1589 stay1591 intercepta1599 to cut off1600 interpose1615 lodgea1616 obstruct1621 stifle1629 sufflaminate1656 stick1824 to hold up1887 1578 F. Thynne Let. 20 Oct. in Animaduersions (1875) p. lix Since I ame..barred bodely to approche your presence. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 288 What villaine boy, barst me my way in Rome? View more context for this quotation 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 17 If you cannot Barre his accesse to'th'king. View more context for this quotation a1628 J. Preston New Covenant (1634) 25 Moses..[was] barred from coming into the land of Canaan. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. lxviii. 95 Combin'd marauders half way barr'd egress. 1878 B. Taylor Prince Deukalion ii. iv. 82 Bar with fire and steel her entrance. 5. Law. a. To arrest or stop (a person) by ground of legal objection from enforcing some claim. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > stay or suspend proceedings > specifically a person from enforcing claim bar1530 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xlv. f. cxviii Suche a warantye shall barre the heyre. 1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 15 Shall be a good Title to the Party Registring..and shall Barre all persons whatsoever. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 158 Such Excommunication..shall not disable or bar his Adversary from his action. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xxiii. 182 For 20 years' possession by a third person will bar both you and them. b. To stay or arrest (an action); to exclude or prevent the advancement of (a plea, claim, right.) ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > stay or suspend proceedings abatec1325 to put in suspense1421 stint1491 stay1525 bar1552 sist1635 stop1690 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > stay an action, plea, etc. bar1552 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Barre an accion, eximere actionem. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 192 A Will, that barres the title of thy sonne. View more context for this quotation 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 372 b If Tenant in taile..bee attainted of high treason, the estate taile is barred, and the Land is forfeited to the King. 1854 Lady Lytton Behind Scenes II. ii. §12. 222 Settling a nominal sum on her to bar dower. 1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 27 530 The Plaintiff's right to set [the deed] aside is barred by laches. 6. a. To hinder, exclude, keep back, prevent, prohibit (a person) from; to deprive or debar of. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > debar (a person) forbarc1330 shutc1400 debarc1430 repel1480 abara1504 abridge1523 seclude?1531 bar1551 fence1589 bebar1650 limit1722 to shut out1819 stop-list1949 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason Ep. sig. Aiiij From the whiche they haue bene hetherto barred, by tongues vnacquaynted. ?1579 Woorthie Enterprise I. Foxe in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) i. 152 Not to be barred of his enterprise. 1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Of Happy Life xxiv. 317 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) A Disease..barrs us of some Pleasures, but procures us others. 1690 J. Child Disc. Trade iii. 88 I know not why any should be barred from trading to those places. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 77 Last from her own home-circle of the poor They barr'd her. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xvi. 120 Lest the enemy seize our ships, and we Be barred of our return. b. with double object. archaic. ΚΠ 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. ix. ii. 175 He goeth about to barre vs our liberty of meeting. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 99 I will barre no honest man my house. View more context for this quotation 1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Josephus Answer to Apion ii, in Wks. 1055 If they had, they would never have barr'd themselves the Comfort. 1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 328 For Fates Bar Helenus the knowledge of the rest. †c. with infinitive phr. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 224 Is there anything here that barreth those that be under the patriarch of Alexandria..to appeal to the see apostolic? 1622 T. Dekker & P. Massinger Virgin Martir ii. sig. D2^v She will not barre yeomen sprats to haue their swinge. d. absolutely. ΚΠ 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 15 For to shak hands freendly fear bars. 1624 W. Bedell Copies Certaine Lett. iv. 73 Errours..deadly, and such as barre from saluation. 7. To stop, hinder, prevent, prohibit (an action or event). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] forbidc1000 forrunc1275 forbar1303 before-comec1384 withstanda1400 withholdc1400 prevenec1485 supprime1490 interrupt1497 resist?a1513 prevent1522 discourage1528 prohibit1531 stop1534 forleta1555 bar1559 to bar by and main1567 disbar1567 to cut off1576 embar1577 forestall1579 obvent1588 cancel1594 waylay1625 suppress1651 antevene1655 arceate1657 exarceate1657 interpel1722 stump1858 estop1876 plug1887 pre-empt1957 deter1961 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Clarence lvi. 7 Yll dedes our destinies may barre. 1595 E. Spenser Amoretti xliv, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. C7^v Orpheus with his harp theyr strife did bar. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 67 Ridgy Roofs..can scarce avail, To barr the Ruin of the ratling Hail. View more context for this quotation 1822 T. Taylor tr. Apuleius Metamorphosis vi. 132 Having barred the barking of the dog by..the remaining sop. 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind xiii. 363 They bar marriage in the female line. 8. To exclude from consideration, set aside. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration forheedc1275 sequesterc1380 forlaya1400 to lay awaya1400 to put, set or lay byc1425 to lay by1439 to lay asidec1440 to set, lay, put apart1477 bar1481 to lay apart1526 to throw out1576 disclude1586 to fling aside1587 to fling away1587 exclude1593 daff1598 to throw by1644 eliminate1850 to write off1861 to filter out1934 slam-dunk1975 1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. 283 vj^xx. yardes, barin one pese, of lynnen cloth. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ii. 191 Nay but I barre to night, you shall not gage me By what we doe to night. View more context for this quotation 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. N5^v When next thou do'st invite, barre State, And give me meate. 1719 Free-thinker No. 95. 2 I once more bar all Widowers. 1809 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 176/1 We bar, in this discussion, any objection which proceeds, etc. 9. a. To take exception to, object to. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > disapprove of [verb (transitive)] misdeema1400 disprove1477 improve1526 disapprove?1562 dislikea1575 befie1589 misthinka1616 bar1620 to look upon with a bad eye1629 improbate1656 object1775 deplore1851 to take a poor view (of something)1863 deprecate1897 1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster ii. 16 Good Prince, be not baudy, nor doe not brag, those two I onely barre. 1808 J. Wolcot One more Peep at Royal Acad. in Wks. (1812) V. 355 They call thee a fine China jar: But this I humbly beg to bar. 1903 P. G. Wodehouse Prefect's Uncle i. 11 I bar the man. He's slimy. 1913 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. ii. xvii. 435 Why, my dear girl, he's absolutely barred. He's as unpopular as anybody I know. 1914 Daily Express 26 Sept. 3/3 Angry London crowd bar the enemy's goods. †b. to bar the dice: to declare the throw void. Cf. French barrer ‘annoncer, quand les dés sortent du cornet, qu'on annule le coup’ (Littré). Obsolete. See also barred adj. (dice). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > play at dice [verb (intransitive)] > declare throw void to bar the dice1673 1673 J. Dryden Amboyna ii. 20 He wou'd have whip'd it up, as his own Fees..but that his Lord bar'd the Dice, and reckon'd it to him for a part of his Board Wages. II. To mark with or make into bars. 10. To mark with a bar or bars, e.g. with stripes of colour, the ‘bar’ in music, etc. Cf. barred adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > variegation > stripiness > stripe [verb (transitive)] barc1400 spraing1532 rew1558 score1604 ribbon1656 stripe1842 tiger1930 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > pattern [verb (transitive)] > stripes, bars, or lines barc1400 streamc1430 fillet1629 society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > notate [verb (transitive)] > mark in bars bar1776 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 159 Silk bordes, barred ful ryche. c1430 Syr Gener. 5636 His shelde was..Barred of asure and of sable. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 24 Barren harnes, stipo. 1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. 13 Some of the letters were also barred..in order to change their symbolical import. 1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 6 Eyed like a peacock, and all crimson barr'd. 1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 12 When either h or l is barred. 11. To make into bars. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > other metalworking processes burnishc1325 rockc1400 leadc1440 braze1552 run1650 stratify1669 shingle1674 snarl1688 plate1706 bar1712 strake1778 shear1837 pile1839 matt1854 reek1869 bloom1875 siliconize1880 tumble1883 rustproof1886 detin1909 blank1914 anodize1931 roll1972 1712 Act 10 Anne in London Gaz. No. 5022/2 All gilt and silver Wire, and Bars..and all..Utensils for barring or drawing such Wire. 12. to bar a vein in Farriery: to disengage the vein of a horse, and tie it above and below a portion which is to be operated upon. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > practise veterinary medicine and surgery [verb (intransitive)] > disengage vein to bar a vein1753 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. App. (at cited word) When horses have got traverse mules, or kibed heels..it is common to barr a vein. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). barprep. Brit. /bɑː/, U.S. /bɑr/ Etymology: < bar v., either in imperative, or simple stem; probably after except , save : compare barring prep., excepting, saving. a. Excluding from consideration, excepting, except, save, but for. bar none, with no exceptions. ΚΠ 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. N5^v When next thou do'st invite, barre State, And give me meate.] 1723 B. Mandeville Ess. Charity in Fable Bees (ed. 2) i. 306 Charity-Boys..that Swear and Curse..and, bar the Cloaths, are as much Blackguard as ever Tower-hill..produced. 1727 J. Swift Let. to Sheridan 1 July in Misc. (1745) X. 111 I intend to be with you at Michaelmas, barr Impossibilities. 1866 M. E. Braddon Lady's Mile (ed. 4) II. vii. 192 Your ‘Aspasia’ is the greatest picture that ever was painted—‘bar none’, as Mr. Lobyer would say. 1870 Standard 14 Dec. This sortie, bar miracles, has decided the fate of Paris. b. Esp. in Betting, indicating the number of horses excluded from odds being offered. ΚΠ 1860 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang (ed. 2) Bar,..in common use in the betting-ring; ‘I bet against the field bar two’. 1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 77 ‘Two to one bar one’, i.e., two to one against any horse with the exception of one. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹c1175n.²1297n.³1748n.⁴n.⁵1775n.⁶1903n.⁷1720v.a1300prep.1723
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