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单词 obelisk
释义

obeliskn.adj.

Brit. /ˈɒbᵻlɪsk/, /ˈɒbl̩ɪsk/, /ˈəʊbᵻlɪsk/, /ˈəʊbl̩ɪsk/, U.S. /ˈɑbəˌlɪsk/
Forms: 1500s obilisk, 1500s–1600s obeliske, 1500s–1600s obelist, 1500s– obelisk, 1600s obelis, 1600s obelisck, 1600s obelisquie, 1600s–1700s obelisc, 1600s–1700s (1900s– rare) obelisque, 1800s– opolus (English regional (Somerset)).
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin obeliscus; Greek ὀβελίσκος.
Etymology: < classical Latin obeliscus obelisk, in post-classical Latin also a type of diacritical mark (early 5th cent.: see note below) and its etymon ancient Greek ὀβελίσκος small spit, in Hellenistic Greek also obelisk < ὀβελός obelus n. + -ίσκος , diminutive suffix. Compare Middle French, French obélisque (1537; 1520 as obelisce ), Italian obelisco (1464), Spanish obelisco (1528). In sense A. 3 a direct rendering of ancient Greek ὀβελίσκος a small spit or nail.Post-classical Latin obeliscus is used for obelus to denote a type of diacritical mark by analogy with post-classical Latin asteriscus asterisk n., with which it generally occurs in juxtaposition. The Latin word was earlier borrowed into English (in sense A. 1a) as obeliscus (plural obelisci), which remained in use until the end of the 17th cent.; compare:1546 T. Langley f. 73v Obelisti [read obelisci], which may bee called long broches or spires.1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 33v Obeliscus is a stone, that beyng broade and square at the foote, ascendeth proporcionally to a sharpe poincte.1612 T. Heywood Apol. for Actors ii. sig. E4v Augustus Cæsar..reared in Rome two stately Obelisci, or Pyramides.1671 M. D'Assigny tr. P. Gautruche Poet. Hist. iii. vi. 45 Towards the Butt, where an Obeliscus, or low Pillar was erected. N.E.D. (1902) gives only the pronunciation (ǫ·bĭlisk) /ˈɒbɪlɪsk/.
A. n.
1.
a. A tapering, four-sided, usually monolithic pillar or column of stone with a pyramidal apex, set up as a monument or landmark (originally in ancient Egypt).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [noun] > structure or erection > stone > column, pillar, or obelisk
needlea1387
obelisk1561
column1606
guglioc1660
cippus1667
aiguille1686
broach1715
lat1801
nuraghe1828
peulvan1841
shaft1847
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iv. sig. Pp.iiii The maner was to reare about ones sepulture so manye Obeliskes, as he that laye there buryed had slain of his ennemies.
?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 67 With obelisks, sphearz, and white bearz all of stone vpon theyr curioouz basez.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. ii. 471 Obelisks;..their Pillars of one stone, fashioned like a needle.
1648 J. Raymond Itinerary Voy. Italy 78 The Obelisque which..is held to be the biggest of one stone..that ever came into Rome.
1695 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 92 A very tall and stately Obelisk or Pillar, consisting of seven large Stones, besides its Capital.
1735 J. Price Some Considerations Stone-bridge Thames 5 Stone Obelisques for Lamps.
1766 J. Rowe Diary 95 In the Common there was an Obelisk very beautifully Decorated.
1792 R. Bage Man as he Is I. ix. 71 Then you see a mort of obelisks they call 'em, and temples up and down.
1828 Q. Rev. 37 316 Kent and his followers had temples, obelisks, and gazabos of every description in the park.
1895 S. R. Hole Little Tour Amer. 308 The Washington Obelisk, said to be the highest masonic structure in the world.
1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria vii. 234 Her Majesty replied that she would prefer a granite obelisk, with sculptures at the base, to an institution.
1946 M. Panter-Downes One Fine Day (1949) xii. 110 The rusty cannon balls along the terrace and the little obelisque of victory.
1989 National Trust Mag. Spring 7/1 The Countess of Mount Edgcumbe erected an obelisk to her pet pig Cupid.
b. A column or pillar having some other form or function.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > tower or steeple > [noun] > minaret
obelisk1587
minaret1675
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > specific types of columns
rockeOE
obelisk1587
lotus column1800
tetrapleuron1837
annulated column1842
engaged column1847
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1340/1 Two obeliskes or round spires, and betweene them a triumphall arch.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1194 Our discoursing Historians and expositours shewed us the place, where sometimes stood the obelisks of iron.
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 257 To preserve their Ricks of Corn..they commonly place them in this Country, on standers and caps of stone; the standers being four Obeliscs about two foot high.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 368 At constant Hours the superior Clergy..from their Obelisks..call to the People to Pray.
1747 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. I. 44 A great unshapen uneffigiated pillar or obelisk.
1773 W. Bartram Trav. Florida 518 (Bartl.) Vast tetragon terraces, chunk-yards, and obelisks or pillars of wood.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. iii. i. 738 What is called a terminus, which is, in fact, nothing more than a portion of an inverted obelisk.
1858 Mercantile Marine Mag. 5 226 The..Lighthouse has opened its own breadth north of the..Obelisk below it.
1913 Pearson's Mag. June 606/1 When a man gets through the reversing test, he goes out into the streets... The trip is popularly known as going ‘round the obelisks’.
1979 Gourmet Dec. 148/2 The local carpenters' custom of burning..escalated into the burning of satirical figures, chariots, and obelisks made of wood and paper-mâché.
c. A naturally occurring formation, feature, or living thing, of similar shape.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] > summit > pointed
pike1243
pico1596
peak1613
pic1658
obelisk1705
horn1820
1705 R. Blackmore Eliza x. 296 He did his vast Gigantick Shoulders reer Above the Host, and tow'ring in the Air, Did a tall, walking Obelisk appear.
1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. vi. 24 And fluted cypresses reared up Their living obelisks.
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. i. 11 At St. Helena,..some pinnacles, of a nearly similar figure..had been formed by the injection of melted rock among the yielding strata, which thus formed the model for these gigantic obelisks.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xv. 102 The dark and the stern obelisk of the Matterhorn.
1886 M. F. Sheldon tr. G. Flaubert Salammbô 2 An avenue of cypress trees formed a double colonnade of green obelisks.
1904 A. Heilprin Tower of Pelée iv. 47 Professor Lacroix..refers to a number of discharges of the nuée ardente breaking out laterally from the base of the obelisk surmounting the crater-cone.
1975 Audubon Mar. 19/2 Ahead of us, near the center of this amputated cypress forest, there stands a monument to the original wilderness—the charred obelisk of a dead cypress more than a hundred feet tall.
1986 Daily Tel. 26 July 10/4 Another unifying element in the whole garden is the repeated use of little obelisks in either yew or box.
2. (a) A straight horizontal stroke (–), sometimes with one dot above and one below (÷), used in ancient manuscripts and in editions of literary or sacred texts to point out a spurious, corrupt, doubtful, or superfluous word or passage. Cf. obelus n. (b) The mark †, chiefly used in printing for marginal references, footnotes, etc. (cf. dagger n.1 8). double obelisk n. rare the double dagger (‡).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > printers' symbols and directions > [noun] > dagger or double dagger
obelisk1583
dagger1706
diesis1706
society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > textual criticism > [noun] > critical marks
obelusOE
obelisk1583
stigmate1583
hypolemniscus1718
lemnisc1718
lemniscus1849
1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. 22 Whatsoeuer is not found in the canon of the Iewes..St. Jerome did thrust through with a spit or obeliske, as not worthy to be receyued.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 71 It is sufficient to note these things with an obeliske; They are dead tenets.
1651 A. Boate Let. in R. Parr Life J. Usher (1686) Coll. cclxiv. 564 The bare transcription of the Obelisks and Asterisks out of the Membranes.
1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra iv. i. §13 Having first compared it [sc. the Septuagint] with the Hebrew, and noted by Asterisks what was defective, and by Obelisks, what redundant.
1727 W. Mather Young Man's Compan. (ed. 13) 38 Obelisk, is a mark of Reference to the Margin, thus, †.
1770 Hist. Printing 259 The Obelisk, or long Cross, erroneously called the single Dagger... The Double Dagger.
1864 Sat. Rev. 9 July 60 Learned commentators..may transfix it with their ‘obelisk’ of condemnation as spurious.
1937 H. G. Wells Brynhild v. 65 It might be possible to indicate whether the flavouring [of a book] were sexual, intellectual, left, right, or detective, by some variation in the general design, an obelisk, for example, the hammer and sickle, the swastika or what-not.
1986 Indexer 15 72/2 ‘Suffixing a name by an obelisk’, say the authors..‘indicates that the person is dead’.
3. A small spit or nail. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > spit
spitc1000
broach?a1400
obelisk1634
broacher1700
1634 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman (new ed.) xii. 116 Obolus (because it carryed the forme of a spit or obelisque so called) was the sixth part of a dram.
B. adj.
Obelisk-shaped, obeliscal. rare before 19th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > memorial or monument > [adjective] > obelisk
obelisk1638
obeliscala1763
obeliskine1818
obeliscar1837
the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > condition of tapering to a point > [adjective] > at the top > like a spire or obelisk
steeply1551
steepled1600
spired1612
obelisk1638
spiral1658
spiry1664
spirous1841
obeliscoid1877
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 146 Consisting of Figures, obelisk, triangular, and pyramidall.
1849 H. Melville Mardi II. xli. 192 We stood before an obelisk-idd, so towering, that..we were fain to throw back our heads.
1898 Dict. National Biogr. LV. 358/1 He was interred in the West Relief burying-ground, and in 1866 an obelisk monument was placed at his grave.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 44 Their pushedback chairs, my obelisk valise, around a board of abandoned platters.
1989 K. Loveland Off Beaten Track 102 Look out for the Schillerstein: a 24m (80 ft) high outrider crag, rising from the lake in obelisk shape, inscribed in letters of gold to the memory of Friedrich Schiller.

Compounds

Parasynthetic.
obelisk-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1901 Scotsman 12 Mar. 4/8 A magnificent obelisk-shaped pillar-stone.
1947 M. F. Cresso Journey into Fame xii. 181 Farther on..was a cemetry with..unusual obelisk-shaped tombs.
1992 Good Housek. 22 Send for our really delightful, obeliskshaped, climbing-rose frame.
obelisk-turned adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1813 Gentleman's Mag. 83 336/1 Obelisk-turned pinnacles.

Derivatives

ˈobelisk-like adj.
ΚΠ
1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) v. 122 Its [sc. the Glyptolepis] rodded, obelisk-like spires.
1884 Harper's Mag. Apr. 706/2 A little south of the point of the cape stands a huge obelisk-like pillar.
2002 Kansas City (Missouri) Star (Nexis) 24 Feb. (Star Mag.) 8 Also cool: those obelisk-like pillars at Brush Creek.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1561
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