obstruentn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɒbstrʊənt/, U.S.

/ˈɑbstrəwənt/

Forms: 1600s– obstruent, 1900s obstruant (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin obstruent-, obstruēns.

Etymology: < classical Latin obstruent-, obstruēns, present participle of obstruere (see obstruct v.); compare -ent suffix. Compare Middle French, French obstruant , adjective (c1550 in medical sense), French obstruants , plural noun (1812 in sense A. 2).

A. n.

†1. An obstruction. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes by blocking

stoppance1493

stoppage1540

obstruction1604

clogging1647

clog1669

obstruent1669

glut1695

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle

hinderc1200

withsetting1340

obstaclec1385

traversea1393

mara1400

bayc1440

stoppagec1450

barrace1480

blocka1500

objecta1500

clog1526

stumbling-stone1526

bar1530

(to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548

stumbling-stock1548

hindrance1576

a log in one's way1579

crossbar1582

log1589

rub1589

threshold1600

scotch1601

dam1602

remora1604

obex1611

obstructiona1616

stumbling-blocka1616

fence1639

affront1642

retardance1645

stick1645

balk1660

obstruent1669

blockade1683

sprun1684

spoke1689

cross cause1696

uncomplaisance1707

barrier1712

obstruct1747

dike1770

abatis1808

underbrush1888

bunker1900

bump1909

sprag1914

hurdle1924

headwind1927

mudhole1933

monkey wrench1937

roadblock1945

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 32 Vitiated by such an obstructive coagulative salt according to the strength and degree of the obstruent.

1888 A. S. Wilson Lyric of Hopeless Love lxix Some obstruent to clear away.

†2. Medicine. A medicinal substance that closes pores, ducts, vessels, or other passages of the body. Cf. deobstruent n. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > astringent or restringent preparations > [noun]

restrictorya1398

styptica1400

restrictivec1425

clammer1597

astringent1626

astrictive1657

subastringent1661

astringer1662

restringent1666

stegnotic1684

apocrustic1706

obstruent1892

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Obstruents, medicaments which are supposed to close the orifices of ducts, vessels, or the natural passages of the body.

3. Phonetics. A fricative or plosive speech sound.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent

obstruent1942

1942 Language 18 13 The first member of a cluster of two obstruents (stop or spirant) is voiceless.

1965 N. Chomsky Aspects Theory Syntax iv. 168 If the second consonant is a liquid, the first must be an obstruent.

1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 139 Another source of short vowels is /ə/ which is..raised to / i/ acquiring the feature..of a neighbouring palatovelar obstruent.

B. adj.

Obstructive; (Medicine) †closing up pores, ducts, vessels or other passages of the body (cf. deobstruent adj.) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [adjective]

hindering1390

catching?a1430

lettingc1430

lumpering1519

thorter1533

impedient1596

thortersome1606

obstructive1611

obstructing1649

impeditive1651

impeding1717

obstruent1749

hindersome1881

obstructionary1881

hindranceful1889

inhibitive1899

counterproductive1959

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [adjective] > closure

obstruent1857

atresic1897

atretic1903

1749 Philos. Trans. 1748 (Royal Soc.) 45 414 Where the obstruent Matter is so fixt that it will not suffer itself to be easily repell'd back,..the Disease will be increased.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Obstruent, hindering, blocking up.

1827 G. H. Taylor Excurs. Village Curate 132 If you subject me to such obstruent interruptions as these.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Obstruens,..shutting or closing up; applied to medicines..which were supposed so to act: obstruent.

1871 T. North Five Years in Texas 217 My feelings scarcely can I now subdue, While fate obstruent says, a few hours more May transport all to an unbroken shore.

1945 R. Hargreaves Enemy at Gate 27 Cold, flabby, capricious, obstruent, and quite femininely vindictive, he was a creature of almost supernal selfishness, timidity and irresolution.

1973 J. Wainwright Pride of Pigs 70 The object of the exercise was to demolish any obstruent bushel likely to get in the way of his particular light.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective (in sense A. 3).

ΚΠ

1955 C. F. Hockett Man. Phonol. 97 A number of obstruent systems include no symmetric set at all.

1973 A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek ii. 26 The derivation of [n] from /nt/ is by Obstruent Dropping.

1991 Word 42 47 Many rules applicable to loanwords are shared between the two major dialects, such as usual..final obstruent devoicing and lentition.

C2.

obstruent-final adj. Phonetics having an obstruent as final consonant.

ΚΠ

1977 Trans. Philol. Soc. 1975 4 It is clear that a certain class of obstruent-final stems has the property of having inflected forms where the stem-final obstruents differ in voicing from those in the simplex forms.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	obstruent
释义	obstruentn.adj. Brit. /ˈɒbstrʊənt/, U.S. /ˈɑbstrəwənt/ Forms: 1600s– obstruent, 1900s obstruant (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin obstruent-, obstruēns. Etymology: < classical Latin obstruent-, obstruēns, present participle of obstruere (see obstruct v.); compare -ent suffix. Compare Middle French, French obstruant , adjective (c1550 in medical sense), French obstruants , plural noun (1812 in sense A. 2). A. n. †1. An obstruction. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes by blocking stoppance1493 stoppage1540 obstruction1604 clogging1647 clog1669 obstruent1669 glut1695 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 32 Vitiated by such an obstructive coagulative salt according to the strength and degree of the obstruent. 1888 A. S. Wilson Lyric of Hopeless Love lxix Some obstruent to clear away. †2. Medicine. A medicinal substance that closes pores, ducts, vessels, or other passages of the body. Cf. deobstruent n. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > astringent or restringent preparations > [noun] restrictorya1398 styptica1400 restrictivec1425 clammer1597 astringent1626 astrictive1657 subastringent1661 astringer1662 restringent1666 stegnotic1684 apocrustic1706 obstruent1892 1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Obstruents, medicaments which are supposed to close the orifices of ducts, vessels, or the natural passages of the body. 3. Phonetics. A fricative or plosive speech sound. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent obstruent1942 1942 Language 18 13 The first member of a cluster of two obstruents (stop or spirant) is voiceless. 1965 N. Chomsky Aspects Theory Syntax iv. 168 If the second consonant is a liquid, the first must be an obstruent. 1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 139 Another source of short vowels is /ə/ which is..raised to / i/ acquiring the feature..of a neighbouring palatovelar obstruent. B. adj. Obstructive; (Medicine) †closing up pores, ducts, vessels or other passages of the body (cf. deobstruent adj.) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [adjective] hindering1390 catching?a1430 lettingc1430 lumpering1519 thorter1533 impedient1596 thortersome1606 obstructive1611 obstructing1649 impeditive1651 impeding1717 obstruent1749 hindersome1881 obstructionary1881 hindranceful1889 inhibitive1899 counterproductive1959 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [adjective] > closure obstruent1857 atresic1897 atretic1903 1749 Philos. Trans. 1748 (Royal Soc.) 45 414 Where the obstruent Matter is so fixt that it will not suffer itself to be easily repell'd back,..the Disease will be increased. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Obstruent, hindering, blocking up. 1827 G. H. Taylor Excurs. Village Curate 132 If you subject me to such obstruent interruptions as these. 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Obstruens,..shutting or closing up; applied to medicines..which were supposed so to act: obstruent. 1871 T. North Five Years in Texas 217 My feelings scarcely can I now subdue, While fate obstruent says, a few hours more May transport all to an unbroken shore. 1945 R. Hargreaves Enemy at Gate 27 Cold, flabby, capricious, obstruent, and quite femininely vindictive, he was a creature of almost supernal selfishness, timidity and irresolution. 1973 J. Wainwright Pride of Pigs 70 The object of the exercise was to demolish any obstruent bushel likely to get in the way of his particular light. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective (in sense A. 3). ΚΠ 1955 C. F. Hockett Man. Phonol. 97 A number of obstruent systems include no symmetric set at all. 1973 A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek ii. 26 The derivation of [n] from /nt/ is by Obstruent Dropping. 1991 Word 42 47 Many rules applicable to loanwords are shared between the two major dialects, such as usual..final obstruent devoicing and lentition. C2. obstruent-final adj. Phonetics having an obstruent as final consonant. ΚΠ 1977 Trans. Philol. Soc. 1975 4 It is clear that a certain class of obstruent-final stems has the property of having inflected forms where the stem-final obstruents differ in voicing from those in the simplex forms. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1669
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