| 释义 |
obediencen. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French obedience. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman obedience, obediance, obedienz and Old French obedience (Middle French, French obédience ) religious obedience (mid 12th cent.), submission (c1175), authority (late 12th cent.), written permission to go on a journey granted by a religious superior (1617) < classical Latin oboedientia (also obēdientia ) the action or practice of obeying (for post-classical senses see note below) < oboedient- , oboediēns obedient adj. + -ia -ia suffix1; compare -ence suffix. Compare Italian ubbidienza (a1292; a1250 as ubidenza), Spanish obediencia (a1250), Portuguese obediência (13th cent. as obedeença).Post-classical Latin obedientia is used in a wide variety of senses, especially ecclesiastical: (papal) jurisdiction (mid 14th cent. in a British source: compare sense 2a); subject territory (early 16th cent. in British sources: compare sense 2b); monastic obedience (from mid 6th cent.), vow of obedience (from early 12th cent. in British and continental sources: compare sense 4); monastic office (from 9th cent.; frequently c1150–1410 in British sources), task imposed on a monk on account of monastic obedience (8th–9th cent.), ministry of a monk charged with the care of an external concern, especially manorial management (10th–11th cent.: compare sense 5), estate of land belonging to a religious house and administered by monks (9th–11th cent.: compare quot. 1728 at sense 5). With the phrase to make (one's) obedience (see sense 3) compare post-classical Latin obedientiam facere (13th cent. in Du Cange). I. In general uses. 1. society > authority > subjection > obedience > [noun] society > authority > subjection > obedience > [noun] > action or fact of obeying a1225 (c1200) (1888) 7 (MED) Naure hersum ne habbe ibien, ne gode, ne mine gastliche faderes, ne min cristendom, ne obedience nauerȝiete wel ne hield. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 5 For nede ane. ase..obedience of hire bischp. 1340 (1866) 140 (MED) Þe perils and þe pinen an þane dyaþ, he onderuangþ..uor þe loue þet he heþ to þe obedience. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) 2 Cor. x. 6 We..also hauynge in redynesse for to venge al vnobedience, whanne ȝoure obedience schal be fulfillid. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) i. 1858 (MED) Thei writen it in evidence To teche how that obedience Mai wel fortune a man to love. ?c1430 (c1383) J. Wyclif (1880) 9 For feyned obydience to synful mannus tradiciouns. a1450 (Vesp.) (1902) 633 (MED) We sal be bayn Vnto þe saws of our souerayn, Þat we aw our obidience to. 1484 W. Caxton tr. ii. ix Vndone and lost for faulte of obedyence. a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 89, in (at cited word) Obediens of creaturis to him. 1563 N. Winȝet (1888) I. 59 For our humil and dew obœdience vnto our lauchful Souerane. 1602 W. Fulbecke i. Introd. 2 To bee brought vppe in the obedience of Lawes. 1653 in W. Mackay & G. S. Laing (1924) II. 207 Instead of giveing obegeience to the course of justice. 1684 A. Behn 7 I then even wisht you wou'd obstinately have deny'd obedience to my just commands. 1723 R. Blackmore xii. 411 In obedience to a Monarch live, Able to strike, but willing to forgive. 1754 J. Edwards iii. iv. 160 Obedience..is the submitting and yielding of the Will of one to the Will of another. a1817 J. Austen Lady Susan xxxvii, in (1954) VI. 306 Your restoration to Peace will, I doubt not, speedily follow this act of filial Obedience. 1839 C. Dickens xxi. 202 In obedience to this request, the qualifications were all gone through again. 1874 J. Morley 51 Superstition, blind obedience to custom, and the other substitutes for a right and independent use of the mind. a1914 ‘M. Field’ (1919) 39 You need obedience. Flog yourself again, You will be locked in prison like your friend. 1953 A. Hosain 175 I expected from him automatic obedience as from the other servants. 1987 N. F. Dixon (1988) viii. 123 Without obedience to authority we would still be back in the jungle. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton (BL Add.) (1975) 1991 (MED) Thikke maters obediens hath none To þe worching of hete. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton (BL Add.) (1975) 2942 The elementis of our stone... Haue most obedience to constellacion. 1608 W. Shakespeare ii. 120 Drunkards, Lyars and Adulterers by an enforst obedience of planitary influence, and all that wee are euill in, by a diuine thrusting on. 1671 L. Addison 102 They remove from one place to another, in obedience to their fickle Humors and cogent Necessities. 1682 in (1895) at Park, James, (title) A general epistle to friends everywhere, written in obedience to the requirings of the spirit of life. 1719 D. Defoe 250 What was all this, to a Man..that was rich enough, and came abroad, more in Obedience to a restless Desire of seeing the World, than a covetuous Desire of getting in it. 1759 S. Johnson I. xxii. 144 The way to be happy is to live according to nature, in obedience to that universal and unalterable law with which every heart is originally impressed; which is..infused at our nativity. 1799 C. B. Brown I. ix. 212 He acted in obedience to an impulse which he could not controul, nor resist. 1879 G. B. Prescott (new ed.) 16 When the latter acts, it does so in obedience to current pulsations. 1919 E. Shackleton i. 11 In obedience to renewed pressure this young ice ‘rafts’, so forming double thicknesses of a toffee-like consistency. a1933 J. A. Thomson (1934) I. xv. 397 In obedience to a constitutional prompting the snail creeps into shelter under moss and withered leaves. 1982 W. L. Heat Moon ii. xiv. 71 Old people..sat on old porches and shook the evening paper into obedience. 2. society > authority > [noun] a1225 (c1200) (1888) 7 Sume laeted [read læteð] wel of hem seluen..ȝif he bie of heiȝe menstre, oðer ȝif he hafð sum hei obedience. (Titus) (1851) 80 (MED) This assoilide the lige men of king Jon fro his obedience, agens here ligeaunce and solempne ooth and fidelite maad to king Jon. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. x. 220 (MED) Holy churche hoteþ alle manere puple Vnder obedience to bee and buxum to þe lawe. a1425 (Cambr.) (1968) 23 Ȝif it happede..þat thi lord comaundede owt þat is to Crist contrarie, þou art asoiled in þat forme his obediense. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) ii. 796 Kyng Roboam, ageyn riht and iustise... Thoruh [read Drouh] ten kynredis from his obedience. a1500 (?a1400) (Trin. Dublin) 1965 (MED) All þe gracieux goddez þat þe ground viseten All er vndir my obedience dredles I telle. a1525 in W. A. Craigie (1923) I. 255 He subiect to his obedience all Irland and Yngland. 1587 in L. B. Taylor (1942) I. 11 That the haill indwellars..sall..leif under protectioun of his majesties obedience. 1611 J. Speed vi. xvii. 219/1 The Prouince reduced to the obedience of the fatal Gouernesse Rome. 1642 tr. J. Perkins xi. §754. 330 C. D. is a Monke professed under the obedience of the same Abbot. 1655 T. Fuller ix. 94 To abjure the authority, and obedience of the Bishop of Rome. 1764 J. Otis 71 (1) Parents under the actual obedience of the King. 1827 H. Hallam III. xvi. 566 The prospect of reducing Spain to the archduke's obedience. 1874 J. R. Green vii. §2. 356 The two Houses decided..to return to the obedience of the Papal See. 1919 4 173 They bade the English to desist from further invasion of their rights at Tacorary or any other place under Dutch obedience. 1990 66 789 In Bale's Kyng Johan, Dissimulation, a priest, says that Usurped power (= the pope) will put all men under his obedience. society > authority > [noun] > sphere of 1595 T. Bedingfield tr. N. Machiavelli To Rdr. To liue in the obedience of a successiue royall Monarchie. 1635 E. Pagitt (1636) i. iii. 125 Christians..of the Patriarch of Constantinoples obedience. 1756 A. Butler II. 36 He was..in 1401, in Piedmont..being honourably received in the Obedience of each pope. 1756 A. Butler II. 36 During the grand schism in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries those countries which acknowledged each pope were called his Obedience. 1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi ix. 209 On the 7th of July, the assembled cardinals of the two ‘obediences’ named in their place a third, Alexander V. 1876 E. A. Freeman V. xxii. 20 All the English land-owners within William's obedience. 1893 W. Pater Apollo in Picardy in Nov. Sent to the Grange or Obedience of Notre-Dame-De-Pratis by the aged Abbot. 1910 I. 438/2 Two years later, before the same pontiff, he preached in the city of Genoa a sermon which led to the general institution, in the countries of the obedience of Avignon, of the festival of the Holy Trinity. 1950 13 Sept. 3/1 The Roman authorities permit..the use of political compulsions..against Christian bodies not of their obedience. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > manifestation of respect > bowing, kneeling, or curtseying > a bow or curtsey c1390 in J. Slater (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 21 That it ys reson that he mak obedience tyll his byschap in maner as other priours doys. c1441 in J. Raine (1841) 258 The worthy catholike king..gaff thaim lesence for ever to..cum to presens of thair spirituale fader & ordyner & hedekirk of Santandrois to resavve collacionn & do obedience. a1513 W. Dunbar (1998) I. 165 To hir [sc. Dame Nature] thair makar to mak obediens, Full law inclynnand with all dew reuerens. 1531 J. Bellenden II. 225 [They] ressavit young Malcome to mak his obedience to King Edward for the landis of Cumbir. 1569 in R. V. Agnew (1887) I. 60 That my Lord Cassilis hes maid dew obedience to the Kingis grace. 1604 M. Drayton sig. G2 The poore Owle (his obedience done) Thus to his Liedge Lord, reuerently begon. 1766 G. S. Cary iii. 18 I shall be happy, [Tumbles backwards over a chair, in making his Obedience with an extraordinary Air]. 1800 H. Wells III. xxix. 193 ‘Be sure to bring your music books,’ he cried, as I made my obedience. 1855 A. Douglas (1859) 10 Both old and young put themselves in his way to make obedience to him. 1885 ‘J. S. Winter’ vi. 105 A..nurse..who rose and made her obedience when he entered. 1937 P. K. Devine 35 Obedience, for ‘obeisance’. 1953 M. Traynor 199/2 s.v. A curtsey, obeisance, in phr. to make one's obedience. 1984 B. Bainbridge iv. 175 I got up to go, and made my obedience to Mr. and Mrs. Watson. II. In religious uses. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 5 Nan ancre..ne schal..makien professiun..buten þreo þinges, þet beoð, obedience, chastete, & studestaðeluestninge. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 929 in C. Horstmann (1887) 133 Ake, In obedience, ich ov hote þat ȝe þare-neiȝ ne beon ȝif ich am i-brouȝt to Iuggement, ake þat ȝe raȝur fleon. c1400 J. Wyclif (1871) III. 398 (MED) Freris also by Lucifers pride hyen homself..For þof a prest or bischop do nevere so treuly þo offis þat God bad prestis do, ȝitte þei seyn he is more holy if he cum to hor newe feyned religioun and obediense. a1450 Ordination of Nuns (Vesp.) in E. A. Kock (1902) 149 Þe priores sal tak hir handes betwene hir handes & kis hir, & swa sal scho mak hir obedience, & swa forth til al þe couent. a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton (1914) 82 (MED) Eche womman..Lyue alle dayes in obediens & chastite. 1526 W. Bonde ii. sig. Riiiiv To..kepe their .iiii. essencial vowes the better, that is the vowe of chastite, the vowe of obedience, the vowe of wylful pouertye, and the vowe of perpetuall inclusion. 1625 T. Middleton ii. 94 Is this the tye Of all strickt order, and the holiest Of all societies, the three vowed people For Pouerty, Obedience, Chastity. 1670 Earl of Clarendon (1727) 176 It is a vow of obedience.., as the upper and highest wrung of the ladder, to the pope. 1769 F. Brooke III. cxlix. 114 They should take the vow of obedience, but not of celibacy. 1799 W. Scott tr. J. W. von Goethe i. 13 Poverty, chastity, obedience——three vows, each of which singly is dreadful to humanity——united, insupportable. 1864 E. R. Charles viii. 132 Have I not been commanded this journey by my superiors, so that in accordance with my vow of obedience, my one duty at present is to travel. a1891 H. Melville Billy Budd xviii, in (1924) XIII. 79 Not with more of self-abnegation will the latter keep his vows of monastic obedience than the former his vows of allegiance to martial duty. 1946 J. Hersey Father Walter P. Morse in (1991) 124 Joining the order was quite a step for a man of twenty-five, for he was obliged to take irrevocable vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. 1994 25 793 The founding charter stipulated that the nuns would take..the solemn vows of poverty, chastity and obedience that made their membership in the convent irrevocable. society > faith > church government > monasticism > monastic functionary > [noun] > office of society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > parts of monastery > [noun] > obedience 1481 J. Weston Let. 27 Oct. in (1975) 116 The Popes Hollynes made me gret cher, and wallde a sente me home agayn and asollet me of al manner abedyensses or comandement made to me or motte be made. a1700 in (1911) 9 338 But when they sayd it was an obedience, she presently tooke it. 1728 E. Chambers Obedience... Obedientia..was used in the general, for every thing that was enjoyn'd the Monks by the Abbot. In a more restrain'd sense, Obedientia was used for the Farms which belong'd to the Abbey, to which the Monks were sent.., either to look after the Farms, or collect the Rents. 1815 M. A. Schimmelpenninck III. 51 Obedience is the name given to those rooms containing the materials for the different kinds of works in which nuns are employed... There were a great many of these obediences at Port Royal, as for example, obediences for the linen, the robery, the mattresses [etc.]. 1882 (new ed.) Obedience..3..(b) A written precept or other formal instrument by which a superior in a religious order communicates to one of his subjects any special precept or instruction. 1897 J. McCabe 183 The ‘obedience’ or formal order to travel is also a mark of identity for the friar on arriving at a strange convent. 1906 G. G. Coulton iii. 26 This same Brother..once received an Obedience (i.e., command) to go and dwell in the province of Penna. 1906 G. G. Coulton iii. 27 He was absolved from his Obedience and went not thither. 1959 34 612 An outrider was a monk holding any monastic office, obedience, or job requiring travel on business. Compounds1971 F. Hamilton 622 Many dogs arrive at Cruft's Show having lost less than 1 point out of a possible 300 in the Obedience ring! The winner of three Obedience Certificates or the Obedience Championship at Crufts is entitled to be called Obedience Champion. 1977 13 Jan. 56/2 More than half these dogs were also registered with the International Sheep Dog Society, which is not surprising since Obedience enthusiasts want dogs of proven working blood. 1991 P. Fussell 61 The occupants of embassies..are very dull people,..relishing the security of the obedience culture and quite devoid of originality, wit, or charm. 1993 Oct. 20/3 Five of the six Collies owned by Belluomini are active on either the breed or obedience circuit. C2. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > keeping or affinity with dogs > field or obedience trial 1914 26 Sept. 7/5 Obedience class for hunter or jumper. Won by Valley Hill Farm's Jim Legino. 1930 E. C. Ash ii. 21 Obedience classes are held at Cruft's Show, and are always an occasion of considerable interest. c1948 E. H. S. Longhurst 158 Tests for obedience classes... Recall from Sit or Down (dog to be recalled by handler when stationary). 1993 Nov. 119/2 Mary Helen Jessup judged the futurity and Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Knott judged the obedience classes. 1950 1 Oct. s3/6 (advt.) For sale... Boxer, male, 11 mo, AKC... Obedience school, housebroken, highly spirited; $125. 1962 S. J. Perelman 231 An old schoolfellow..whom I had met on obedience school where our dogs had struck up a flirtation. 1979 (Nexis) 15 June (Weekend section) 12 Young Chesty has been through recruit training; he's been to obedience school. 1994 D. R. Vocate Pref. p. ix If our dog fails obedience school, the dog trainer indicates it is because we did not successfully communicate our expectations to the dog. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > keeping or affinity with dogs > field or obedience trial 1913 17 July 5/1 Obedience test—For hunters and jumpers; gentlemen riders: first and second prize cup. 1932 7 Feb. 12/4 One well-known kennel of Great Danes has specialized in obedience tests. 1985 6 Aug. c1 In Germany, shepherds must pass temperament and obedience tests. 2002 (Nexis) 8 Apr. a10 Until such time as responsible dog care can be proved by an owner through..an obedience test on the dog by a qualified trainer, biting incidents will likely crop up. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [verb (transitive)] > train dog 1942 11 Jan. s6/1 Amateur trainers can do their part as dogs of the right breeds who have been obedience trained have a splendid start. 1971 ‘L. Egan’ (1972) i. 15 If your dog had been obedience-trained he would not have been stolen so easily. 1993 Oct. 45/3 Most higher-percentage hybrids and wolves do not walk well on a leash down a strange street... They are difficult to impossible to obedience train. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [adjective] > that acts in specific way 1937 2 May s8/6 He is a magnificent specimen of his breed... He has a very alert expression, is absolutely sound in disposition and is well obedience-trained. 1971 ‘L. Egan’ (1972) i. 15 An obedience-trained dog is impossible to steal or poison. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > keeping or affinity with dogs > dog-training 1936 26 Apr. s8/2 It is expected that obedience training and competition will progress rapidly and become increasingly popular... Membership entitles dog owners to enter the club's training class. 1990 Dec. 140/3 There is one important warning. Dogs destined to be protectors of livestock should never be given obedience training. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > keeping or affinity with dogs > field or obedience trial 1928 30 Sept. 24/4 (headline) British test ‘brains’ of Alsatian dogs. Southern team wins in obedience trials, astonishing crowds by their ‘intelligence’. 1971 ‘L. Egan’ (1972) iii. 40 Most of the big bench shows have obedience trials. 1991 Jan. 71/1 In the last three years their students' dogs earned 104 companion dog titles..and five obedience trial championships. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1225 |
