† ockerern.

Forms: Middle English ocurer, Middle English ocurrere, Middle English okeerys (plural, perhaps transmission error), Middle English okerar, Middle English okerere, Middle English okeres (transmission error), Middle English okerrer, Middle English okerrere, Middle English okirrer, Middle English okrure, Middle English okurer, Middle English okurrer, Middle English okyrere, Middle English–1500s okerer; Scottish pre-1700 occarar, pre-1700 occourar, pre-1700 occurar, pre-1700 occurrar, pre-1700 occurrer, pre-1700 ockarair, pre-1700 ockarar, pre-1700 ockerar, pre-1700 ockirar, pre-1700 octarer, pre-1700 okerar, pre-1700 okkarar, pre-1700 okkerar, pre-1700 okkirar, pre-1700 okyrar, pre-1700 1700s okerer, pre-1700 1800s ockerer.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ocker v., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < ocker v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Icelandic okrari, Swedish ockrare, Danish ågrer, and also Old Frisian wōkerer, Middle Dutch woekerare, woukerare, wokerare (Dutch woekeraar), Middle Low German wokerer, Old High German wuohharāri (Middle High German wuocheraere, German Wucherer).

Obsolete (derogatory) (in later use chiefly Scottish).

A person who takes interest for the loan of money; a usurer.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > one who lends money > at interest

ten tribes971

gavellerc1200

usurerc1290

Caorsin1303

collybistc1380

ockererc1390

fenerator1447

usuraryc1450

usurier1480

user1566

fulker1568

money-monger1571

moneylender1598

twenty in the hundred1602

Jew's trump1605

putter-outa1616

money-bawd1631

chevisancer1633

use-man1633

Lombardeer1645

money-banker1677

bummaree1738

mahajan1852

sixty per cent1853

gombeen-man1862

c1390 MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 254 (MED) Þis Okerere [v.r. okeres] was selly Rad To do þat þe Bisschop bad.

c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 30 (MED) Abouen alle merchaundise, of byinge or sellynge or lenynge, I kursede be þe ocurer..plus maledictus est usarius.

c1450 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Arms) (1927) 96 (MED) Knyȝttis, okeerys, al & somme, To þe baronis of grece ren anon.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 71 Okerers and false merchauntz.

1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 5728 in Wks. (1931) I. 368 Fornicatoris, and Ockararis.

1591 King James VI & I tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Furies in Poet. Exercises sig. G The treasures gathered by the paines..sore Of their forebeers occurrars.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 40 All the gudes and geir perteining to ane ockerer, quhither he deceis testat or vntestat, perteins to the King.

a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1845) VII. 454 He was an extraordinar octarer and tooke fiftie of the hundreth in the yeir.

1699 in E. W. Dunbar Soc. Life Moray (1865) 31 Under the certificating of being pursued as Occurrers or Userers.

1725 Present Case Brewers Edinb. 13 The Law has declared such as buy Victual, and hold the same to a Dearth, punishable as Okerers or Usurers.

1862 G. Henderson St. Matthew xxv. 27 Thou sudst hae putten my money to the ockerers.

1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew cix. 11 Lat the ockerer rax owre ilk haet that was his.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ockerer
释义	† ockerern. Forms: Middle English ocurer, Middle English ocurrere, Middle English okeerys (plural, perhaps transmission error), Middle English okerar, Middle English okerere, Middle English okeres (transmission error), Middle English okerrer, Middle English okerrere, Middle English okirrer, Middle English okrure, Middle English okurer, Middle English okurrer, Middle English okyrere, Middle English–1500s okerer; Scottish pre-1700 occarar, pre-1700 occourar, pre-1700 occurar, pre-1700 occurrar, pre-1700 occurrer, pre-1700 ockarair, pre-1700 ockarar, pre-1700 ockerar, pre-1700 ockirar, pre-1700 octarer, pre-1700 okerar, pre-1700 okkarar, pre-1700 okkerar, pre-1700 okkirar, pre-1700 okyrar, pre-1700 1700s okerer, pre-1700 1800s ockerer. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ocker v., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < ocker v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Icelandic okrari, Swedish ockrare, Danish ågrer, and also Old Frisian wōkerer, Middle Dutch woekerare, woukerare, wokerare (Dutch woekeraar), Middle Low German wokerer, Old High German wuohharāri (Middle High German wuocheraere, German Wucherer). Obsolete (derogatory) (in later use chiefly Scottish). A person who takes interest for the loan of money; a usurer. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > one who lends money > at interest ten tribes971 gavellerc1200 usurerc1290 Caorsin1303 collybistc1380 ockererc1390 fenerator1447 usuraryc1450 usurier1480 user1566 fulker1568 money-monger1571 moneylender1598 twenty in the hundred1602 Jew's trump1605 putter-outa1616 money-bawd1631 chevisancer1633 use-man1633 Lombardeer1645 money-banker1677 bummaree1738 mahajan1852 sixty per cent1853 gombeen-man1862 c1390 MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 254 (MED) Þis Okerere [v.r. okeres] was selly Rad To do þat þe Bisschop bad. c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 30 (MED) Abouen alle merchaundise, of byinge or sellynge or lenynge, I kursede be þe ocurer..plus maledictus est usarius. c1450 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Arms) (1927) 96 (MED) Knyȝttis, okeerys, al & somme, To þe baronis of grece ren anon. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 71 Okerers and false merchauntz. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 5728 in Wks. (1931) I. 368 Fornicatoris, and Ockararis. 1591 King James VI & I tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Furies in Poet. Exercises sig. G The treasures gathered by the paines..sore Of their forebeers occurrars. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 40 All the gudes and geir perteining to ane ockerer, quhither he deceis testat or vntestat, perteins to the King. a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1845) VII. 454 He was an extraordinar octarer and tooke fiftie of the hundreth in the yeir. 1699 in E. W. Dunbar Soc. Life Moray (1865) 31 Under the certificating of being pursued as Occurrers or Userers. 1725 Present Case Brewers Edinb. 13 The Law has declared such as buy Victual, and hold the same to a Dearth, punishable as Okerers or Usurers. 1862 G. Henderson St. Matthew xxv. 27 Thou sudst hae putten my money to the ockerers. 1871 P. H. Waddell Psalms frae Hebrew cix. 11 Lat the ockerer rax owre ilk haet that was his. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1390
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