obstructionn.

Brit.

/əbˈstrʌkʃn/, U.S.

/əbˈstrəkʃ(ə)n/,

/ɑbˈstrəkʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1500s obstructyon, 1500s–1600s obstruccion, 1500s– obstruction; also Scottish pre-1700 obstructioun.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin obstructiōn-, obstructiō.

Etymology: < classical Latin obstructiōn-, obstructiō barrier, in post-classical Latin also blockage (4th cent.), the action of blocking or impeding (6th cent. in both lit. and figurative senses) < obstruct- , past participial stem of obstruere (see obstruct v.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French obstruction (1538 in medical sense).

I. The action or an act of obstructing.

1. The action or an act of blocking or rendering impassable an opening, passage, thoroughfare, etc.; the fact or condition of being blocked or impassable; (Medicine) blockage of a body passage, esp. the gastrointestinal, urinary, biliary, or respiratory tract; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > condition of being stopped up or blocked

obstruction1533

clogginess1797

blockage1874

chokage1889

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > obstruction

stoppinga1398

oppilationa1400

obstruction1533

stoppage1575

clausure1585

obstipation1612

infarction1689

congestion of an organ1803

heart attack1836

engorgement1872

infarct1873

MI1968

cardiac1972

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [noun] > constipation

costivenessa1400

obstruction1533

constipationc1550

restriction?1550

obstipation1612

stypticness1617

binding1620

stypticity1620

impaction1853

1533 T. More Apologye xxii. 129 A diete as thynne as Galiene deuyseth for hym that hath an obstruccyon in his lyuer.

1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) f. 49^v Than shal ensue to hym that exerciseth, no peryll of obstruction or rupture.

1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo Direct. Health Magistrates & Studentes 55 Filberdes..are aperitive and open oppilations and obstructions.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 20 This does make some obstruction in the blood: This crosse-gartering.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. xxxvii. 83 Obstruction is a Stoppage of the Inwards by thickned Flegm.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Spleen If the obstruction of the Spleen proceeds from..having lived a little abstemiously.

1791 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 22/2 Where deafness proceeds from an obstruction of the auditory duct, by wax.

1844 W. Dufton Nature & Treatm. Deafness 75 The most efficient local means of treating..obstruction of the Eustachian tube.

1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 30 Accumulations of fluid in the interior of hollow organs, as the result of obstruction at an orifice.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 35/1 The surgeon expects not only to relieve the obstruction of the bowel, but actually to cure the patient of his disease.

1961 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 4 Feb. 354 (title) Diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction.

1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) x. 166/2 Obstruction of the pressure holes will result in false readings of airspeed and altitude.

2000 Current Opinion Pulmonary Med. 6 15 Airway remodeling in asthma thus may predispose persons with asthma to asthma exacerbations and even death from airway obstruction.

a. The action or an act of preventing, impeding, or hindering the motion or passage of a person or thing; the fact or condition of being so prevented or impeded.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > deprivation of movement > by hindering or obstructing passage

forestallinga1387

intercipation1570

intercluding1592

obstructiona1616

interception1624

forestalment1628

cohibition1882

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iv. ii. 40 Why it hath bay Windowes transparant as baricadoes,..and yet complainest thou of obstruction ?

1755 E. Young Centaur vi, in Wks. (1757) IV. 269 Souls suffer no separation from obstruction of matter, or distance of place.

a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) iii. 139 The only Danger I apprehend of Obstruction to your March, is from Ambuscades of Indians.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. x. ii. 413 He advanced without further obstruction to the capital.

1897 B. Stoker Dracula xxvi. 369 There seem to be endless streams running down from the mountains into this river, but as none of them are very large..the horsemen may not have met much obstruction.

1982 J. Barfoot Dancing in Dark (1986) i. 1 I am fortunate to have a place beside the big window, so that I can look out without obstruction.

1994 GPS World Apr. 40/2 Any time a receiver loses lock on a signal, due to signal obstruction or low signal-to-noise ratio, a cycle slip results.

b. Law. (a) Interference with a right of way, etc. (rare); (b) Criminal Law the action of preventing or hindering a police officer, etc., in the course of his or her duty. obstruction of justice n. U.S. the common-law offence of intentionally preventing or impeding the administration of justice.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > obstruction

obstruction1908

1854 N.-Y. Daily Times 1 Dec. 1/6 [The indicted man] did, knowingly and willfully, obstruct, resist and oppose the said U.S. Marshal..to the great hinderance and obstruction of justice.]

1908 Encycl. Laws Eng. (ed. 2) X. 116 Obstruction, this term is used in law mainly in two senses: (1) Interference with public or private rights or easements, particularly of light, way, navigation, or watercourse; (2) interference with officers of justice in the execution of their duty.

1910 Daily Chron. 18 Sept. 1/7 The conviction of two men for obstructing the police. After the evidence of two witnesses denying the statements made by the policemen when the obstruction charge was being considered, [etc.].

1933 P. MacDonald Myst. Dead Police v. 41 My car's outside Savarin's... There's a bobby by it. He wants me for obstruction.

1982 R. M. Perkins & R. N. Bryce Criminal Law 553 One of the most common forms of obstruction of justice involves an interference with a public officer in the discharge of his official duty.

1991 P. Carter & R. Harrison Offences of Violence 63 Warning another of the presence of the police may amount to obstruction.

c. In any of various sports: the impeding of a player in a manner which constitutes an offence.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [noun] > foul play

foul play1553

foul1849

hippodroming1864

fouling1866

roughing1866

misplay1867

obstruction1923

sandbagging1940

no-throw1959

1923 H. E. Haslam How to play Hockey xiii. 81 Turning on the ball incurs a penalty on the score of obstruction.

1953 Assoc. Football (‘Know the Game’ Series) 33/1 Should the obstruction take the form of a personal foul..then the foul is penalised by a direct free kick.

1985 M. Rundell Dict. Cricket 159 Intentional obstruction by a fielder constitutes ‘unfair play’ under Law 42.

3. The action or an act of preventing or hindering an activity, proceeding, operation, etc.; the fact or condition of being so prevented or hindered; spec. the impeding of the business of a meeting, legislative assembly, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > action of

lettingOE

impeachingc1400

thwartingc1430

interruption1463

inhibition1621

obstructing1641

clogging1647

obstruction1656

thorteringa1693

interclusion1798

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > obstruction of business

filibusterism1854

filibustering1856

block1861

stonewall1876

obstruction1879

obstructionism1879

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. iv. 24 To one who asked him what folly is, he said the Obstruction of Knowledge.

1674 W. Temple Let. to Coventry in Wks. (1731) II. 300 I am confident..that an Obstruction of the Peace will not arise from hence.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 78 The general obstruction of Trade, occasioned by the War.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. v. 381 This obstruction given to Cicero's return.

1772 Jacob's Law Dict. (ed. 9) An obstruction of an arrest upon criminal process.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. i. 63 A project of this sort is liable to much obstruction from the difficulties in the way of fixing the primary or original valuation.

1879 M. Arnold Irish Catholicism in Mixed Ess. 99 The obstruction offered by the Irish members in Parliament is really an expression of this uncontrollable antipathy.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. lix. 313 Its [sc. the Ballot Bill of 1871's] progress was delayed by that practice of talking against time which has more recently become famous under the name of obstruction.

1957 A. E. Stevenson New Amer. III. iii. 196 In every field Democratic proposals to help the people are met by Republican indifference, obstruction and opposition.

1979 J. Harvey Plate Shop xxxvi. 174 Only he knew how much hindering and obstruction he had done.

II. Something which obstructs.

4. Something which blocks or renders impassable an opening, passage, etc.; a thing which impedes or prevents passage or progress; an obstacle.

a. literal.Early uses of sense 1 in medical contexts might be interpretable as this sense: see quot. 1574 at sense 1, and cf. quot. a1616 at sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes by blocking

stoppance1493

stoppage1540

obstruction1604

clogging1647

clog1669

obstruent1669

glut1695

1604 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 23 June 3 f. 321^v All weres, kiddalls, stanks, and other obstruccions in..navigable ryvars.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 65 To..purge th'obstructions, which begin to stop Our very Veines of Life.

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. lx Any other Engine for the purging the River of Thames from Obstructions.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet ii. 301 And remove the Obstruction.

1762 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 240 Fish yards, cheverons, or other obstructions to navigation in the river.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. i. 31 The towering flames had now surmounted every obstruction, and rose to the evening skies one huge and burning beacon.

1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 162 The turbulence and rapidity of the current..gave the voyagers intimation that they were approaching the great obstructions of the river.

1850 J. Chubb Locks & Keys 10 The forms of these moveable obstructions to the bolt, in locks of modern date, are of course various.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1705/1 The cow-catcher, or frame in front of an engine, to push obstructions from the rails.

a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xx. 362 The landings were littered with..the overflow of the crowded little flats. Over these obstructions and down the ladders were falling and stumbling men, women, children, babies.

1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) xiii. 150 Slowly raise the hand lever..so as to bring the oxygen stream into play. This must be done gently or oxide sparks will be thrown out in such quantity and velocity as to cause an obstruction at the outlet of the nozzle.

1954 ‘W. March’ Bad Seed v. 111 She had to get out in the hot sun and move the obstruction before she could put her car away.

1992 Pract. Householder Nov. 51/3 If..there is an obstruction such as a structural beam in the way of the soil pipe run, you can use an electric macerator system.

b. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle

hinderc1200

withsetting1340

obstaclec1385

traversea1393

mara1400

bayc1440

stoppagec1450

barrace1480

blocka1500

objecta1500

clog1526

stumbling-stone1526

bar1530

(to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548

stumbling-stock1548

hindrance1576

a log in one's way1579

crossbar1582

log1589

rub1589

threshold1600

scotch1601

dam1602

remora1604

obex1611

obstructiona1616

stumbling-blocka1616

fence1639

affront1642

retardance1645

stick1645

balk1660

obstruent1669

blockade1683

sprun1684

spoke1689

cross cause1696

uncomplaisance1707

barrier1712

obstruct1747

dike1770

abatis1808

underbrush1888

bunker1900

bump1909

sprag1914

hurdle1924

headwind1927

mudhole1933

monkey wrench1937

roadblock1945

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 116 Why this [sentence] is euident to any formall capacitie. There is no obstruction in this.

1670 Earl of Clarendon Contempl. & Reflexions upon Psalms in Coll. Tracts (1727) 651 There is not a greater obstruction to devotion than the unintentness upon the action they are at.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xviii. 507 Their designs meeting with such delays and obstructions, they many of them grew weary of it.

1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 291 Bad management..through slovenliness, idleness, or other obstructions to any profitable husbandry.

1810 R. Hall Wks. (1841) V. 182 Guilt is a legal obstruction to an approach to God.

1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. ix. 221 The great obstruction to generosity in our nature is jealousy.

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 5 Aug. 307/2 One of the obstructions to human progress is the common failure to profit either from one's own errors or the errors of others.

1995 Tricycle Spring 33/2 You must not regard any perceptions or sensations as an obstruction to zazen, nor should you pursue any of them.

Compounds

C1.

obstruction symptom n. Medicine

ΚΠ

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 874 When once the obstruction symptoms have become definite.

1976 Internat. Surg. 61 392 Severe obstruction symptoms generally indicate impaired urinary flow but the absence of obstructive symptoms does not exclude impaired flow.

1999 Internat. Jrnl. Colorectal Dis. 14 101 Univariate analysis of prognostic factors showed that gender, obstruction symptoms,..operative method, and date of operation were significant.

C2.

† obstruction guard n. Railways Obsolete a structure attached to the front of a locomotive to deflect obstructions from the rails.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > cow-catcher

cow-catcher1838

guard1838

pilot1846

cow-remover1848

lifeguard1864

obstruction guard1898

1898 Daily News 25 Mar. 3/5 A rail chair had been placed on the rails. The impact was so severe as to smash the obstruction guard in front of the engine.

obstruction light n. Aeronautics a light placed on a tall building or structure as a warning to aircraft.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > light for guidance of aircraft

traffic light1912

beacon1918

flare path1919

airway beacon1926

obstruction light1934

marker1936

fixed light1960

1934 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 38 728 The Air Ministry specified the number and type of obstruction lights which had to be fitted to each mast.

1991 Flying (BNC) UK and Eire navigation warnings are available, along with Air Nav. Obstruction Light unserviceabilities.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	obstruction
释义	obstructionn. Brit. /əbˈstrʌkʃn/, U.S. /əbˈstrəkʃ(ə)n/, /ɑbˈstrəkʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1500s obstructyon, 1500s–1600s obstruccion, 1500s– obstruction; also Scottish pre-1700 obstructioun. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin obstructiōn-, obstructiō. Etymology: < classical Latin obstructiōn-, obstructiō barrier, in post-classical Latin also blockage (4th cent.), the action of blocking or impeding (6th cent. in both lit. and figurative senses) < obstruct- , past participial stem of obstruere (see obstruct v.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French obstruction (1538 in medical sense). I. The action or an act of obstructing. 1. The action or an act of blocking or rendering impassable an opening, passage, thoroughfare, etc.; the fact or condition of being blocked or impassable; (Medicine) blockage of a body passage, esp. the gastrointestinal, urinary, biliary, or respiratory tract; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > condition of being stopped up or blocked obstruction1533 clogginess1797 blockage1874 chokage1889 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > [noun] > obstruction stoppinga1398 oppilationa1400 obstruction1533 stoppage1575 clausure1585 obstipation1612 infarction1689 congestion of an organ1803 heart attack1836 engorgement1872 infarct1873 MI1968 cardiac1972 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > excretory disorders > [noun] > constipation costivenessa1400 obstruction1533 constipationc1550 restriction?1550 obstipation1612 stypticness1617 binding1620 stypticity1620 impaction1853 1533 T. More Apologye xxii. 129 A diete as thynne as Galiene deuyseth for hym that hath an obstruccyon in his lyuer. 1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) f. 49^v Than shal ensue to hym that exerciseth, no peryll of obstruction or rupture. 1574 T. Newton tr. G. Gratarolo Direct. Health Magistrates & Studentes 55 Filberdes..are aperitive and open oppilations and obstructions. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 20 This does make some obstruction in the blood: This crosse-gartering. View more context for this quotation 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ i. xxxvii. 83 Obstruction is a Stoppage of the Inwards by thickned Flegm. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Spleen If the obstruction of the Spleen proceeds from..having lived a little abstemiously. 1791 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 22/2 Where deafness proceeds from an obstruction of the auditory duct, by wax. 1844 W. Dufton Nature & Treatm. Deafness 75 The most efficient local means of treating..obstruction of the Eustachian tube. 1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 30 Accumulations of fluid in the interior of hollow organs, as the result of obstruction at an orifice. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 35/1 The surgeon expects not only to relieve the obstruction of the bowel, but actually to cure the patient of his disease. 1961 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 4 Feb. 354 (title) Diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction. 1987 E. H. J. Pallett Aircraft Electr. Syst. (ed. 3) x. 166/2 Obstruction of the pressure holes will result in false readings of airspeed and altitude. 2000 Current Opinion Pulmonary Med. 6 15 Airway remodeling in asthma thus may predispose persons with asthma to asthma exacerbations and even death from airway obstruction. 2. a. The action or an act of preventing, impeding, or hindering the motion or passage of a person or thing; the fact or condition of being so prevented or impeded. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > deprivation of movement > by hindering or obstructing passage forestallinga1387 intercipation1570 intercluding1592 obstructiona1616 interception1624 forestalment1628 cohibition1882 a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iv. ii. 40 Why it hath bay Windowes transparant as baricadoes,..and yet complainest thou of obstruction ? View more context for this quotation 1755 E. Young Centaur vi, in Wks. (1757) IV. 269 Souls suffer no separation from obstruction of matter, or distance of place. a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) iii. 139 The only Danger I apprehend of Obstruction to your March, is from Ambuscades of Indians. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. x. ii. 413 He advanced without further obstruction to the capital. 1897 B. Stoker Dracula xxvi. 369 There seem to be endless streams running down from the mountains into this river, but as none of them are very large..the horsemen may not have met much obstruction. 1982 J. Barfoot Dancing in Dark (1986) i. 1 I am fortunate to have a place beside the big window, so that I can look out without obstruction. 1994 GPS World Apr. 40/2 Any time a receiver loses lock on a signal, due to signal obstruction or low signal-to-noise ratio, a cycle slip results. b. Law. (a) Interference with a right of way, etc. (rare); (b) Criminal Law the action of preventing or hindering a police officer, etc., in the course of his or her duty. obstruction of justice n. U.S. the common-law offence of intentionally preventing or impeding the administration of justice. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > obstruction obstruction1908 1854 N.-Y. Daily Times 1 Dec. 1/6 [The indicted man] did, knowingly and willfully, obstruct, resist and oppose the said U.S. Marshal..to the great hinderance and obstruction of justice.] 1908 Encycl. Laws Eng. (ed. 2) X. 116 Obstruction, this term is used in law mainly in two senses: (1) Interference with public or private rights or easements, particularly of light, way, navigation, or watercourse; (2) interference with officers of justice in the execution of their duty. 1910 Daily Chron. 18 Sept. 1/7 The conviction of two men for obstructing the police. After the evidence of two witnesses denying the statements made by the policemen when the obstruction charge was being considered, [etc.]. 1933 P. MacDonald Myst. Dead Police v. 41 My car's outside Savarin's... There's a bobby by it. He wants me for obstruction. 1982 R. M. Perkins & R. N. Bryce Criminal Law 553 One of the most common forms of obstruction of justice involves an interference with a public officer in the discharge of his official duty. 1991 P. Carter & R. Harrison Offences of Violence 63 Warning another of the presence of the police may amount to obstruction. c. In any of various sports: the impeding of a player in a manner which constitutes an offence. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [noun] > foul play foul play1553 foul1849 hippodroming1864 fouling1866 roughing1866 misplay1867 obstruction1923 sandbagging1940 no-throw1959 1923 H. E. Haslam How to play Hockey xiii. 81 Turning on the ball incurs a penalty on the score of obstruction. 1953 Assoc. Football (‘Know the Game’ Series) 33/1 Should the obstruction take the form of a personal foul..then the foul is penalised by a direct free kick. 1985 M. Rundell Dict. Cricket 159 Intentional obstruction by a fielder constitutes ‘unfair play’ under Law 42. 3. The action or an act of preventing or hindering an activity, proceeding, operation, etc.; the fact or condition of being so prevented or hindered; spec. the impeding of the business of a meeting, legislative assembly, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > action of lettingOE impeachingc1400 thwartingc1430 interruption1463 inhibition1621 obstructing1641 clogging1647 obstruction1656 thorteringa1693 interclusion1798 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > obstruction of business filibusterism1854 filibustering1856 block1861 stonewall1876 obstruction1879 obstructionism1879 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. iv. 24 To one who asked him what folly is, he said the Obstruction of Knowledge. 1674 W. Temple Let. to Coventry in Wks. (1731) II. 300 I am confident..that an Obstruction of the Peace will not arise from hence. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 78 The general obstruction of Trade, occasioned by the War. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero I. v. 381 This obstruction given to Cicero's return. 1772 Jacob's Law Dict. (ed. 9) An obstruction of an arrest upon criminal process. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. i. 63 A project of this sort is liable to much obstruction from the difficulties in the way of fixing the primary or original valuation. 1879 M. Arnold Irish Catholicism in Mixed Ess. 99 The obstruction offered by the Irish members in Parliament is really an expression of this uncontrollable antipathy. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. lix. 313 Its [sc. the Ballot Bill of 1871's] progress was delayed by that practice of talking against time which has more recently become famous under the name of obstruction. 1957 A. E. Stevenson New Amer. III. iii. 196 In every field Democratic proposals to help the people are met by Republican indifference, obstruction and opposition. 1979 J. Harvey Plate Shop xxxvi. 174 Only he knew how much hindering and obstruction he had done. II. Something which obstructs. 4. Something which blocks or renders impassable an opening, passage, etc.; a thing which impedes or prevents passage or progress; an obstacle. a. literal.Early uses of sense 1 in medical contexts might be interpretable as this sense: see quot. 1574 at sense 1, and cf. quot. a1616 at sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes by blocking stoppance1493 stoppage1540 obstruction1604 clogging1647 clog1669 obstruent1669 glut1695 1604 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 23 June 3 f. 321^v All weres, kiddalls, stanks, and other obstruccions in..navigable ryvars. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 65 To..purge th'obstructions, which begin to stop Our very Veines of Life. 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. lx Any other Engine for the purging the River of Thames from Obstructions. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet ii. 301 And remove the Obstruction. 1762 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 240 Fish yards, cheverons, or other obstructions to navigation in the river. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. i. 31 The towering flames had now surmounted every obstruction, and rose to the evening skies one huge and burning beacon. 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 162 The turbulence and rapidity of the current..gave the voyagers intimation that they were approaching the great obstructions of the river. 1850 J. Chubb Locks & Keys 10 The forms of these moveable obstructions to the bolt, in locks of modern date, are of course various. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1705/1 The cow-catcher, or frame in front of an engine, to push obstructions from the rails. a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xx. 362 The landings were littered with..the overflow of the crowded little flats. Over these obstructions and down the ladders were falling and stumbling men, women, children, babies. 1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) xiii. 150 Slowly raise the hand lever..so as to bring the oxygen stream into play. This must be done gently or oxide sparks will be thrown out in such quantity and velocity as to cause an obstruction at the outlet of the nozzle. 1954 ‘W. March’ Bad Seed v. 111 She had to get out in the hot sun and move the obstruction before she could put her car away. 1992 Pract. Householder Nov. 51/3 If..there is an obstruction such as a structural beam in the way of the soil pipe run, you can use an electric macerator system. b. figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. v. 116 Why this [sentence] is euident to any formall capacitie. There is no obstruction in this. View more context for this quotation 1670 Earl of Clarendon Contempl. & Reflexions upon Psalms in Coll. Tracts (1727) 651 There is not a greater obstruction to devotion than the unintentness upon the action they are at. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xviii. 507 Their designs meeting with such delays and obstructions, they many of them grew weary of it. 1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 291 Bad management..through slovenliness, idleness, or other obstructions to any profitable husbandry. 1810 R. Hall Wks. (1841) V. 182 Guilt is a legal obstruction to an approach to God. 1876 J. B. Mozley Serm. preached Univ. of Oxf. ix. 221 The great obstruction to generosity in our nature is jealousy. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 5 Aug. 307/2 One of the obstructions to human progress is the common failure to profit either from one's own errors or the errors of others. 1995 Tricycle Spring 33/2 You must not regard any perceptions or sensations as an obstruction to zazen, nor should you pursue any of them. Compounds C1. obstruction symptom n. Medicine ΚΠ 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 874 When once the obstruction symptoms have become definite. 1976 Internat. Surg. 61 392 Severe obstruction symptoms generally indicate impaired urinary flow but the absence of obstructive symptoms does not exclude impaired flow. 1999 Internat. Jrnl. Colorectal Dis. 14 101 Univariate analysis of prognostic factors showed that gender, obstruction symptoms,..operative method, and date of operation were significant. C2. † obstruction guard n. Railways Obsolete a structure attached to the front of a locomotive to deflect obstructions from the rails. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > cow-catcher cow-catcher1838 guard1838 pilot1846 cow-remover1848 lifeguard1864 obstruction guard1898 1898 Daily News 25 Mar. 3/5 A rail chair had been placed on the rails. The impact was so severe as to smash the obstruction guard in front of the engine. obstruction light n. Aeronautics a light placed on a tall building or structure as a warning to aircraft. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > light for guidance of aircraft traffic light1912 beacon1918 flare path1919 airway beacon1926 obstruction light1934 marker1936 fixed light1960 1934 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 38 728 The Air Ministry specified the number and type of obstruction lights which had to be fitted to each mast. 1991 Flying (BNC) UK and Eire navigation warnings are available, along with Air Nav. Obstruction Light unserviceabilities. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1533
随便看	to work mastery to work miracles to work nights to work off to work on tribute to work one'its way to work one's arse off to work one's ass off to work one's balls off to work one's brains out to work one's butt off to work one's daylights out to work one's etc off to work one's etc out to work one's eyeballs out to work one's eyes out to work one's feat to work one's fingers off to work one's fingers to the bone to work one's full feat to work one's guts out to work one's kind to work one's magic to work one's passage to work one's socks off