-estsuffix

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. rankest adj.

Forming the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs, represents two forms originally distinct: (1) Old English -ost-, -ust-, -ast-, corresponding to Old Frisian, Old Norse -ast-, Old Saxon, Old High German, Gothic -ôst-:—Old Germanic -ôsto-; (2) Old English -est-, -st-, with umlaut, corresponding to Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old High German, Gothic -isto-:—Germanic -isto-. These Germanic suffixes are combinations of the two comparative suffixes -ôz-, -iz- with Old Aryan -to-; similar formations in other Aryan languages are Greek -ιστο-, Sanskrit ishṭha-. In Old English the two suffixes were already confused, so that -ost- occasionally appears with umlaut of the root-vowel, and conversely -est- without umlaut; a few umlaut forms survived into early Middle English, as lengeste longest; the only examples now remaining are best, eldest. In Old English (as in Gothic) the suffix -isto- was added to the stems of certain older superlatives formed with the suffix -m-; the resulting Old English ending -mest- was in later English confused with the adverb most: cf. forma at forme adj.¹ Forms, fyrmest at foremost adj. and adv. Forms, foremost adj. and adv.; innema, innemest, inmost: see -most suffix. (For the relation in historical and present usage between the inflectional comparison in -er, -est, and the periphrastic comparison with the adverbs more, most: see -er suffix³.)

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

单词	-est
释义	-estsuffix Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. rankest adj. Forming the superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs, represents two forms originally distinct: (1) Old English -ost-, -ust-, -ast-, corresponding to Old Frisian, Old Norse -ast-, Old Saxon, Old High German, Gothic -ôst-:—Old Germanic -ôsto-; (2) Old English -est-, -st-, with umlaut, corresponding to Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old High German, Gothic -isto-:—Germanic -isto-. These Germanic suffixes are combinations of the two comparative suffixes -ôz-, -iz- with Old Aryan -to-; similar formations in other Aryan languages are Greek -ιστο-, Sanskrit ishṭha-. In Old English the two suffixes were already confused, so that -ost- occasionally appears with umlaut of the root-vowel, and conversely -est- without umlaut; a few umlaut forms survived into early Middle English, as lengeste longest; the only examples now remaining are best, eldest. In Old English (as in Gothic) the suffix -isto- was added to the stems of certain older superlatives formed with the suffix -m-; the resulting Old English ending -mest- was in later English confused with the adverb most: cf. forma at forme adj.¹ Forms, fyrmest at foremost adj. and adv. Forms, foremost adj. and adv.; innema, innemest, inmost: see -most suffix. (For the relation in historical and present usage between the inflectional comparison in -er, -est, and the periphrastic comparison with the adverbs more, most: see -er suffix³.) This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < suffix
随便看	to lie full low to lie hard to lie heavy to lie heavy at or to one's heart to lie heavy on one's stomach to lie heavy upon to lie heavy, cold, etc formerly on the stomach to lie heavy, cold, etc on the stomach to lie heavy, cold, etc simply to lie on the stomach to lie hull to lie in to lie in ambush to lie in common to lie in grant to lie in great wait to lie in grip to lie in hand to do to lie in imbibition to lie in leaguer to lie in lure to lie in one's hands to lie in one's power to lie in one's throat to lie in one's way to lie in render