Bantuadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈbantuː/,

/ˈbɑːntuː/,

/banˈtuː/,

/bɑːnˈtuː/, U.S.

/ˈbænˌtu/, East African English

/ˈbantu/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, Bantus.

Forms: 1800s Ba-ntu, 1800s– Bantu.

Origin: Perhaps (i) a borrowing from Xhosa. Or perhaps (ii) a borrowing from Zulu. Etymons: Xhosa abantu; Zulu abantu.

Etymology: < (i) Xhosa abantu (in some grammatical contexts also bantu ), or (ii) its cognate Zulu abantu (in some grammatical contexts also bantu ), both in the sense ‘people’ < aba- , ba- , plural class prefix (see note) + -ntu person, human (singular umuntu : see muntu n.), with alteration of the first element after the form of the corresponding prefix in some related languages of southern Africa (compare e.g. Southern Sotho batho people: see note).The English word was introduced by W. H. I. Bleek as the name of a language group (compare quot. 1858 at sense A.). Bleek was of German origin, but also wrote extensively in English; compare:1857 W. Bleek Zulu Legends (1952) 31 The word ‘aBa-ntu’ (man, people) means ‘par excellence’ individuals of the Kafir [i.e. Xhosa] race, particularly in opposition to the noun ‘aBe-lungu’ (white men)...It appears, therefore to be the best general term for that family of languages. The Bantu plural class prefix covering humans (class 2) is reflected in e.g. Southern Sotho ba-, Northern Sotho ba-, and Tswana ba- (as well as Swahili wa-, etc.); Xhosa aba- and Zulu aba- are forms of the same prefix with an additional initial augment. An alternative term †Ba-languages, with reference to the same class prefix, was suggested independently by Bleek's contemporary H. Barth (1863 or earlier).

A. adj.

Of or relating to a family of Niger-Congo languages spoken in central and southern Africa, including Swahili, Zulu, Kongo, Kikuyu, and Luganda, or to any of the languages of this family. Also: designating any or all of the peoples speaking such languages; of or relating to such peoples. The word Bantu became a strongly offensive term under the old apartheid regime in South Africa, especially when used to refer to a single individual. In standard current use in South Africa the term black or African is used as a collective or non-specific term for African peoples. The term Bantu has, however, continued to be accepted as a neutral ‘scientific’ term outside South Africa used to refer to the group of languages and their speakers collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > African languages > Niger-Kordofanian > [adjective] > of or relating to Bantu languages

Kaffir1588

Kongo1597

Xhosa1812

Amapondo1830

Zulu1839

Sesotho1844

Swahilian1846

Kikuyu1850

Bantu1858

Fan1861

Amandebele1872

Nyamwezi1872

Wagogo1878

Lunda1879

Luganda1882

Sotho1883

Gogo1891

Tonga1891

Chichewa1897

Ronga1897

Bemba1904

Ila1907

Tsonga1907

Meru1908

Chewa1909

Venda1913

Lingala1922

Luba1922

Pedi1922

Nyanja1923

Nguni1929

Ndebele1930

Lobedu1937

Tiv1939

Mongo1961

Siswati1964

1858 W. H. I. Bleek Libr. G. Grey: Philol. I. i. 35 The Languages of the Bántu Family occupy not only about nine tenths of South Africa, but also parts of the Western portion of the..territory of the Gor Family.

1902 H. H. Johnston Uganda Protectorate II. xix. 868 The dwellings of the Sabei are like those of the Masaba Bantu tribes.

1951 R. Firth Elements Social Organization i. 8 In parts of Bantu Africa, to give a person an ancestor's name means that he is believed to reincarnate that ancestor's spirit.

2016 Daily Monitor (Kampala) (Nexis) 17 Mar. Bantu dialects have linkages with the Nilo-Hamitic and the Sudanic languages.

B. n.

1. The Bantu language family; a language of this family.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > African languages > Niger-Kordofanian > [noun] > Niger-Congo > Niger-Congo proper languages > Kwa family > Bantu languages

Kaffir1820

Swahilese1833

Sesotho1846

Chagga1849

Kikuyu1849

Mitshi1854

Manganja1859

Bantu1866

Kavirondo1870

Luganda1876

Sotho1876

Fan1883

Gogo1883

Lunda1883

Nyamwezi1883

Kioko1884

Barotse1888

Ganda1891

Tumbuka1891

Chichewa1897

Bemba1902

Nyanja1902

Rwanda1902

Lingala1903

Sepedi1905

Ila1907

Lamba1907

Chewa1908

Venda1908

Ngoni1911

Munchi1913

Meru1921

Yao1924

Lozi1937

Nguni1939

Ndembu1945

Mwera1947

Sango1948

Ovambo1953

Sukuma1969

Tiv1976

1866 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 8 p. lxvii The Zingian family—the Bantu of Dr. Bleek—fills nearly the whole southern part of the continent.

1919 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 18 208 These..are the three ‘pivotal’ features of Bantu: nasalisation, labialisation, and palatalisation.

1963 A. Fugard Blood Knot (1968) 174 The gate was open..so I didn't see the notice prohibiting. And ‘beware of the dog’ was in Bantu, so how was I to know, Oh Lord.

2008 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Apr. 20/1 The group focused on three major language families: Bantu.., Indo-European.., and Austronesian.

2. A member of any of the peoples speaking Bantu languages.

ΚΠ

1878 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 22 466 It is the debateable land in which the great races of Eastern Africa, Hamitic, Semitic, Negro, and Bantu, meet and interlace.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 736/2 The Bantu..enslaving the Mountain Damaras.

1941 W. M. B. Nhlapo in Bantu World 18 Jan. 9 One of the many institutions that Bantus really need just as much as Europeans do, is an aged home.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 28 Aug. a2/1 They are Bantu-speaking people—not ‘Bantus’, a term considered offensive because it was used by those in power during apartheid in reference to black people.

Compounds

Bantu Education n. (also with lower-case initial(s)) [compare Afrikaans Bantoe-onderwys (1953 or earlier)] (in apartheid-era South Africa) the official system of education for black South Africans, initiated by the first Bantu Education Act (1953); now historical and generally deprecated.The Bantu Education Act was repealed through the Education and Training Act of 1979, though segregated schooling continued until apartheid was abolished in 1994.

ΚΠ

1951 Rep. Comm. Native Educ., 1949–51 (S. Afr.) viii. 131/2 We now turn to the question why it should be Bantu Education.

1962 A. Luthuli Let my People Go xiv. 147 The choice before parents is an almost impossible one—they do not want Bantu Education and they do not want their children on the streets.

1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart 254 They were all black, all sons of struggling parents, all victims of apartheid's atrocious Bantu Education, dished out in overcrowded classrooms by teachers barely educated themselves.

2017 Sunday Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 1 Oct. Bantu Education was designed to create a cheap reservoir of black labour that would be subservient to the white rulers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	bantu
释义	Bantuadj.n. Brit. /ˈbantuː/, /ˈbɑːntuː/, /banˈtuː/, /bɑːnˈtuː/, U.S. /ˈbænˌtu/, East African English /ˈbantu/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, Bantus. Forms: 1800s Ba-ntu, 1800s– Bantu. Origin: Perhaps (i) a borrowing from Xhosa. Or perhaps (ii) a borrowing from Zulu. Etymons: Xhosa abantu; Zulu abantu. Etymology: < (i) Xhosa abantu (in some grammatical contexts also bantu ), or (ii) its cognate Zulu abantu (in some grammatical contexts also bantu ), both in the sense ‘people’ < aba- , ba- , plural class prefix (see note) + -ntu person, human (singular umuntu : see muntu n.), with alteration of the first element after the form of the corresponding prefix in some related languages of southern Africa (compare e.g. Southern Sotho batho people: see note).The English word was introduced by W. H. I. Bleek as the name of a language group (compare quot. 1858 at sense A.). Bleek was of German origin, but also wrote extensively in English; compare:1857 W. Bleek Zulu Legends (1952) 31 The word ‘aBa-ntu’ (man, people) means ‘par excellence’ individuals of the Kafir [i.e. Xhosa] race, particularly in opposition to the noun ‘aBe-lungu’ (white men)...It appears, therefore to be the best general term for that family of languages. The Bantu plural class prefix covering humans (class 2) is reflected in e.g. Southern Sotho ba-, Northern Sotho ba-, and Tswana ba- (as well as Swahili wa-, etc.); Xhosa aba- and Zulu aba- are forms of the same prefix with an additional initial augment. An alternative term †Ba-languages, with reference to the same class prefix, was suggested independently by Bleek's contemporary H. Barth (1863 or earlier). A. adj. Of or relating to a family of Niger-Congo languages spoken in central and southern Africa, including Swahili, Zulu, Kongo, Kikuyu, and Luganda, or to any of the languages of this family. Also: designating any or all of the peoples speaking such languages; of or relating to such peoples. The word Bantu became a strongly offensive term under the old apartheid regime in South Africa, especially when used to refer to a single individual. In standard current use in South Africa the term black or African is used as a collective or non-specific term for African peoples. The term Bantu has, however, continued to be accepted as a neutral ‘scientific’ term outside South Africa used to refer to the group of languages and their speakers collectively. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > African languages > Niger-Kordofanian > [adjective] > of or relating to Bantu languages Kaffir1588 Kongo1597 Xhosa1812 Amapondo1830 Zulu1839 Sesotho1844 Swahilian1846 Kikuyu1850 Bantu1858 Fan1861 Amandebele1872 Nyamwezi1872 Wagogo1878 Lunda1879 Luganda1882 Sotho1883 Gogo1891 Tonga1891 Chichewa1897 Ronga1897 Bemba1904 Ila1907 Tsonga1907 Meru1908 Chewa1909 Venda1913 Lingala1922 Luba1922 Pedi1922 Nyanja1923 Nguni1929 Ndebele1930 Lobedu1937 Tiv1939 Mongo1961 Siswati1964 1858 W. H. I. Bleek Libr. G. Grey: Philol. I. i. 35 The Languages of the Bántu Family occupy not only about nine tenths of South Africa, but also parts of the Western portion of the..territory of the Gor Family. 1902 H. H. Johnston Uganda Protectorate II. xix. 868 The dwellings of the Sabei are like those of the Masaba Bantu tribes. 1951 R. Firth Elements Social Organization i. 8 In parts of Bantu Africa, to give a person an ancestor's name means that he is believed to reincarnate that ancestor's spirit. 2016 Daily Monitor (Kampala) (Nexis) 17 Mar. Bantu dialects have linkages with the Nilo-Hamitic and the Sudanic languages. B. n. 1. The Bantu language family; a language of this family. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > African languages > Niger-Kordofanian > [noun] > Niger-Congo > Niger-Congo proper languages > Kwa family > Bantu languages Kaffir1820 Swahilese1833 Sesotho1846 Chagga1849 Kikuyu1849 Mitshi1854 Manganja1859 Bantu1866 Kavirondo1870 Luganda1876 Sotho1876 Fan1883 Gogo1883 Lunda1883 Nyamwezi1883 Kioko1884 Barotse1888 Ganda1891 Tumbuka1891 Chichewa1897 Bemba1902 Nyanja1902 Rwanda1902 Lingala1903 Sepedi1905 Ila1907 Lamba1907 Chewa1908 Venda1908 Ngoni1911 Munchi1913 Meru1921 Yao1924 Lozi1937 Nguni1939 Ndembu1945 Mwera1947 Sango1948 Ovambo1953 Sukuma1969 Tiv1976 1866 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 8 p. lxvii The Zingian family—the Bantu of Dr. Bleek—fills nearly the whole southern part of the continent. 1919 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 18 208 These..are the three ‘pivotal’ features of Bantu: nasalisation, labialisation, and palatalisation. 1963 A. Fugard Blood Knot (1968) 174 The gate was open..so I didn't see the notice prohibiting. And ‘beware of the dog’ was in Bantu, so how was I to know, Oh Lord. 2008 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Apr. 20/1 The group focused on three major language families: Bantu.., Indo-European.., and Austronesian. 2. A member of any of the peoples speaking Bantu languages. ΚΠ 1878 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 22 466 It is the debateable land in which the great races of Eastern Africa, Hamitic, Semitic, Negro, and Bantu, meet and interlace. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 736/2 The Bantu..enslaving the Mountain Damaras. 1941 W. M. B. Nhlapo in Bantu World 18 Jan. 9 One of the many institutions that Bantus really need just as much as Europeans do, is an aged home. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 28 Aug. a2/1 They are Bantu-speaking people—not ‘Bantus’, a term considered offensive because it was used by those in power during apartheid in reference to black people. Compounds Bantu Education n. (also with lower-case initial(s)) [compare Afrikaans Bantoe-onderwys (1953 or earlier)] (in apartheid-era South Africa) the official system of education for black South Africans, initiated by the first Bantu Education Act (1953); now historical and generally deprecated.The Bantu Education Act was repealed through the Education and Training Act of 1979, though segregated schooling continued until apartheid was abolished in 1994. ΚΠ 1951 Rep. Comm. Native Educ., 1949–51 (S. Afr.) viii. 131/2 We now turn to the question why it should be Bantu Education. 1962 A. Luthuli Let my People Go xiv. 147 The choice before parents is an almost impossible one—they do not want Bantu Education and they do not want their children on the streets. 1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart 254 They were all black, all sons of struggling parents, all victims of apartheid's atrocious Bantu Education, dished out in overcrowded classrooms by teachers barely educated themselves. 2017 Sunday Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 1 Oct. Bantu Education was designed to create a cheap reservoir of black labour that would be subservient to the white rulers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < adj.n.1858
随便看	butcherings butcherless butcherlier butcherliest butcherlike butcherliness butcherly butcherous butchers butchers block butchers broom butchers hook butchers meat butchers shop butcherwise butchery butchery of conscience butches butchest butching butchness butchy butch–femme bute butea