Nornn.²

Brit.

/nɔːn/, U.S.

/nɔrn/

Inflections: Plural Norns, Nornir.

Forms: 1800s Norne, 1800s– Norn.

Origin: A borrowing from Icelandic. Etymon: Icelandic norn.

Etymology: < Icelandic norn (plural nornir ; Old Icelandic norn , of uncertain origin; probably cognate with Swedish regional norna , nyrna to inform secretly (see nurn v.), compare the name of the Fates of classical mythology (see fate n. 2b), derived from a classical Latin verb meaning ‘to speak’). Swedish norna (1712), German Norne (18th cent.), Danish Norne (c1700), French norne (1755; 1771 in plural form nornirs ) are all ultimately borrowings from Icelandic. Compare earlier Nornie n., Norna n.An alternative (and rather doubtful) etymology derives the word from an Indo-European base meaning ‘to twist, wind’ (compare (with s- prefix) snare n.), with the idea of the Norns spinning the thread of fate.

Scandinavian Mythology.

In Scandinavian mythology: each of the three Fates or goddesses of destiny. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > northern > Norn

Nornie1770

Norna1841

Norn1843

the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > [noun] > the (three) Fates > one of

shapand1303

shepster14..

Norna1841

Norn1843

1843 J. G. Percival Dream of Day 261 The three Norns (Nornir) were the three Fates or Destinies of the Scandinavian Mythology. They were really only personifications of the three periods of time: the Past (Urd), the Present (Verendi), and the Future (Skuld).

1849 Dublin Univ. Mag. 33 184/1 It was said that the priestess of the Nornir needed no human sustenance.

1859 G. W. Dasent tr. P.C. Asbjørnsen & J. Moe Pop. Tales from Norse p. xli The worshippers of Odin and the Nornir were gradually converted into votaries of the Virgin Mary.

1878 P. W. Wyatt Hardrada 18 The thread of Fate By grey Nornes spun hung o'er the Raven's flight.

1959 R. W. V. Elliott Runes vii. 105 Other possibilities occur to one: such as that the figures represent the Nornir, the ‘three fatal sisters’ of Northern mythology.

1976 J. I. M. Stewart Young Pattullo iv. 112 A forest haunted by trolls and norns.

1993 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Misreadings 12 I saw her, the face of the remote Norn of my natal shock, the cascading enthusiasm of her lasciviously white locks.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Nornadj.n.¹

Brit.

/nɔːn/, U.S.

/nɔrn/

Forms: late Middle English– Norn; also Scottish pre-1700 Nornn, pre-1700 Nourne, 1800s Norne, 1800s Norren, 1800s Nourn, 1900s– Noren (rare), 1900s– Nowreen (rare), 1900s– Nowrn (rare).

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norren n.

Etymology: Either shortened < Norren n., or reborrowed < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic norrœnn (adjective) Norse, Norwegian, norrœna (noun) the Norse or Norwegian language (see Norren n. (and adj.))). In senses A. 2 and B. probably < the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by Old Icelandic norrœnn (see above). Compare Norns n.The Scots form Nowreen reflects the recurrent influence of Scandinavian forms; perhaps compare also Norren, Noren. Attested earlier as a surname in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire: Robertus le Norne (1168), Willelmus Norne (c1200), Robertus le Norne (c1240).

A. adj.

†1. Norwegian, Norse. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Scandinavia and Iceland > [adjective] > Norway

Norwegian?a1425

Norna1450

Norgan1586

Norway1599

Norweyana1616

Norisha1639

Norsea1650

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Scandinavians > [adjective] > Norwegian

NorrenOE

Norrenishc1275

Norna1450

a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 3235 (MED) Þat schewede þou mentest hym to greue & broughtest Norn men [?a1400 Petyt þe north; Fr. Norois] hym tasaille.

2. Of or designating the North Germanic language formerly spoken in Orkney and Shetland and in parts of the northern mainland of Scotland; written or spoken in this language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > Scandinavian > Norwegian

Norn?1594

?1594 D. Monro Descr. W. Isles (1961) 50 This Ile, as the Ancients alledges, sould be called Deray, taking the name from the deiris in norn leid, quhilk hes given it that name in auld tymes ago.

1633 Orkney Witch Trial in J. Maidment Misc. Abbotsford Club (1837) 151 Scho aundit in bitt, quhilk is ane Nourne terme, and to expon it into right languag is alse mikill as, scho did blew hir breath thairin.

1757 State of Process Earl of Galloway against Earl of Morton 176 He remembers the Norn or Norse Language to have been vulgarly spoke by a good many People in the Main-land of Orkney; and that he knows some People, particularly three or four in the Parishes of Harray and Firth, who speak that language pretty fluently, as far as he can judge, at this Day.

1774 G. Low Tour Orkney & Shetl. (1879) 163 One of the company all the while singing a Norn Visick.

1774 G. Low Tour Orkney & Shetl. (1879) 196 They speak the English language with a good deal of the Norn accent.

a1818 in J. Wallace Orkney (1883) 197 I find a Norren Pater-Noster in the London ed. of this book in the 1700, but it seems to be wrong in the orthography.

1888 J. M. E. Saxby Lads of Lunda 210 Reciting some grand Norn veisic..after the manner of the ancients.

1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Oct. 712/3 Jakobsen's great dictionary of the Norn language in Shetland.

1956 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Stony Limits & Scots Unbound 48 The old Norn words.

1966 E. W. Marwick in J. Shearer et al. New Orkney Bk. iv. 25 At the beginning of the eighteenth century some of them were still speaking the old Norn language.

1987 Eng. Today July 11/2 The ‘Norn’ dialects of Orkney and Shetland, Glaswegian and Highland English are all variably non-standard.

B. n.¹

The Norn language. Also the Orkney (also Shetland) Norn.In quot. 1485: †the Norwegian language (obsolete).Norn became extinct in the latter half of the 18th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > Scandinavian > Norwegian > Orkney or Shetland

Norn1485

Nornsa1688

1485 in Orkney & Shetland Rec. (1907) I. 55 This letter in Nornn.

a1688 J. Wallace Descr. Orkney (1693) 92 Norn, the Language spoken by the ancient Inhabitants of Orkney and Zetland.

1711 R. Sibbald Descr. Isles Shetland 4 in Descr. Isles Orknay & Zetland Many of them, are descended from the Norvegians, and speak a Norse Tongue, corrupted, (they call Norn) amongst themselves.

a1760 T. Gifford Hist. Descr. Zetland (1786) iv. 31 The antient language spoken by the inhabitants of Zetland was that of the Norvegians called Norn, and continued to be that only spoken by the natives till of late, and many of them speak it to this day amongst themselves.

1774 G. Low Tour Orkney & Shetl. (1879) 107 He spoke of three kinds of poetry used in Norn.

1932 A. Horsbøl tr. J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland II Norn, Norn language, in later times especially a designation for the earlier dialects of Old Norwegian origin in Shetland and Orkney, as well as in Caithness.

1966–9 Saga Bk. 17 11 In Appendix II he printed specimens of the Orkney Norn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

1987 Eng. Today Apr.–June 24/1 The influence of Scots upon Norn had begun even before the Dano-Norwegian earldom changed hands.

1993 J. Purser in J. M. Fladmark Heritage xxiv. 305 The last scraps of true Norn were collected from the mouths of singers in a rowing song and a ballad of King Orfeo in Scotland.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	norn
释义	Nornn.² Brit. /nɔːn/, U.S. /nɔrn/ Inflections: Plural Norns, Nornir. Forms: 1800s Norne, 1800s– Norn. Origin: A borrowing from Icelandic. Etymon: Icelandic norn. Etymology: < Icelandic norn (plural nornir ; Old Icelandic norn , of uncertain origin; probably cognate with Swedish regional norna , nyrna to inform secretly (see nurn v.), compare the name of the Fates of classical mythology (see fate n. 2b), derived from a classical Latin verb meaning ‘to speak’). Swedish norna (1712), German Norne (18th cent.), Danish Norne (c1700), French norne (1755; 1771 in plural form nornirs ) are all ultimately borrowings from Icelandic. Compare earlier Nornie n., Norna n.An alternative (and rather doubtful) etymology derives the word from an Indo-European base meaning ‘to twist, wind’ (compare (with s- prefix) snare n.), with the idea of the Norns spinning the thread of fate. Scandinavian Mythology. In Scandinavian mythology: each of the three Fates or goddesses of destiny. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > other deities > [noun] > northern > Norn Nornie1770 Norna1841 Norn1843 the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > [noun] > the (three) Fates > one of shapand1303 shepster14.. Norna1841 Norn1843 1843 J. G. Percival Dream of Day 261 The three Norns (Nornir) were the three Fates or Destinies of the Scandinavian Mythology. They were really only personifications of the three periods of time: the Past (Urd), the Present (Verendi), and the Future (Skuld). 1849 Dublin Univ. Mag. 33 184/1 It was said that the priestess of the Nornir needed no human sustenance. 1859 G. W. Dasent tr. P.C. Asbjørnsen & J. Moe Pop. Tales from Norse p. xli The worshippers of Odin and the Nornir were gradually converted into votaries of the Virgin Mary. 1878 P. W. Wyatt Hardrada 18 The thread of Fate By grey Nornes spun hung o'er the Raven's flight. 1959 R. W. V. Elliott Runes vii. 105 Other possibilities occur to one: such as that the figures represent the Nornir, the ‘three fatal sisters’ of Northern mythology. 1976 J. I. M. Stewart Young Pattullo iv. 112 A forest haunted by trolls and norns. 1993 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Misreadings 12 I saw her, the face of the remote Norn of my natal shock, the cascading enthusiasm of her lasciviously white locks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Nornadj.n.¹ Brit. /nɔːn/, U.S. /nɔrn/ Forms: late Middle English– Norn; also Scottish pre-1700 Nornn, pre-1700 Nourne, 1800s Norne, 1800s Norren, 1800s Nourn, 1900s– Noren (rare), 1900s– Nowreen (rare), 1900s– Nowrn (rare). Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norren n. Etymology: Either shortened < Norren n., or reborrowed < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic norrœnn (adjective) Norse, Norwegian, norrœna (noun) the Norse or Norwegian language (see Norren n. (and adj.))). In senses A. 2 and B. probably < the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by Old Icelandic norrœnn (see above). Compare Norns n.The Scots form Nowreen reflects the recurrent influence of Scandinavian forms; perhaps compare also Norren, Noren. Attested earlier as a surname in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire: Robertus le Norne (1168), Willelmus Norne (c1200), Robertus le Norne (c1240). A. adj. †1. Norwegian, Norse. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Scandinavia and Iceland > [adjective] > Norway Norwegian?a1425 Norna1450 Norgan1586 Norway1599 Norweyana1616 Norisha1639 Norsea1650 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Scandinavians > [adjective] > Norwegian NorrenOE Norrenishc1275 Norna1450 a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. 3235 (MED) Þat schewede þou mentest hym to greue & broughtest Norn men [?a1400 Petyt þe north; Fr. Norois] hym tasaille. 2. Of or designating the North Germanic language formerly spoken in Orkney and Shetland and in parts of the northern mainland of Scotland; written or spoken in this language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > Scandinavian > Norwegian Norn?1594 ?1594 D. Monro Descr. W. Isles (1961) 50 This Ile, as the Ancients alledges, sould be called Deray, taking the name from the deiris in norn leid, quhilk hes given it that name in auld tymes ago. 1633 Orkney Witch Trial in J. Maidment Misc. Abbotsford Club (1837) 151 Scho aundit in bitt, quhilk is ane Nourne terme, and to expon it into right languag is alse mikill as, scho did blew hir breath thairin. 1757 State of Process Earl of Galloway against Earl of Morton 176 He remembers the Norn or Norse Language to have been vulgarly spoke by a good many People in the Main-land of Orkney; and that he knows some People, particularly three or four in the Parishes of Harray and Firth, who speak that language pretty fluently, as far as he can judge, at this Day. 1774 G. Low Tour Orkney & Shetl. (1879) 163 One of the company all the while singing a Norn Visick. 1774 G. Low Tour Orkney & Shetl. (1879) 196 They speak the English language with a good deal of the Norn accent. a1818 in J. Wallace Orkney (1883) 197 I find a Norren Pater-Noster in the London ed. of this book in the 1700, but it seems to be wrong in the orthography. 1888 J. M. E. Saxby Lads of Lunda 210 Reciting some grand Norn veisic..after the manner of the ancients. 1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Oct. 712/3 Jakobsen's great dictionary of the Norn language in Shetland. 1956 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Stony Limits & Scots Unbound 48 The old Norn words. 1966 E. W. Marwick in J. Shearer et al. New Orkney Bk. iv. 25 At the beginning of the eighteenth century some of them were still speaking the old Norn language. 1987 Eng. Today July 11/2 The ‘Norn’ dialects of Orkney and Shetland, Glaswegian and Highland English are all variably non-standard. B. n.¹ The Norn language. Also the Orkney (also Shetland) Norn.In quot. 1485: †the Norwegian language (obsolete).Norn became extinct in the latter half of the 18th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > Scandinavian > Norwegian > Orkney or Shetland Norn1485 Nornsa1688 1485 in Orkney & Shetland Rec. (1907) I. 55 This letter in Nornn. a1688 J. Wallace Descr. Orkney (1693) 92 Norn, the Language spoken by the ancient Inhabitants of Orkney and Zetland. 1711 R. Sibbald Descr. Isles Shetland 4 in Descr. Isles Orknay & Zetland Many of them, are descended from the Norvegians, and speak a Norse Tongue, corrupted, (they call Norn) amongst themselves. a1760 T. Gifford Hist. Descr. Zetland (1786) iv. 31 The antient language spoken by the inhabitants of Zetland was that of the Norvegians called Norn, and continued to be that only spoken by the natives till of late, and many of them speak it to this day amongst themselves. 1774 G. Low Tour Orkney & Shetl. (1879) 107 He spoke of three kinds of poetry used in Norn. 1932 A. Horsbøl tr. J. Jakobsen Etymol. Dict. Norn Lang. in Shetland II Norn, Norn language, in later times especially a designation for the earlier dialects of Old Norwegian origin in Shetland and Orkney, as well as in Caithness. 1966–9 Saga Bk. 17 11 In Appendix II he printed specimens of the Orkney Norn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. 1987 Eng. Today Apr.–June 24/1 The influence of Scots upon Norn had begun even before the Dano-Norwegian earldom changed hands. 1993 J. Purser in J. M. Fladmark Heritage xxiv. 305 The last scraps of true Norn were collected from the mouths of singers in a rowing song and a ballad of King Orfeo in Scotland. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.²1843adj.n.¹a1450
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Nornn.2

Nornadj.n.1

Nornn.²

Nornadj.n.¹