单词 | nootka |
释义 | Nootkaadj.n. A. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or designating any of a group of North American Indian peoples inhabiting Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [adjective] Dogrib1766 Nootka1784 Nootkan1790 Dog-ribbed1791 beaver1801 Okanagan1814 Carrier1820 Sitka1822 Nanaimo1827 Loucheux1828 Nass1830 Tsimshian1836 Sitkan1851 Makah1855 Snohomish1856 Wakash1856 Songhees1860 Stoney1861 Nisga'a1874 Tlingit1881 Nimpkish1886 Wakashan1892 Musqueam1902 Gitksan1917 Squamish1928 'Namgis1966 Nuu-chah-nulth1978 Nuxalk1981 1784 J. Cook & J. King Voy. Pacific Ocean 257 Mr. Webber, in drawing a view of the inside of a Nootka house..was interrupted, and hindered from proceeding, by one of the inhabitants. 1792 J. Boit Remarks in F. W. Howay Voy. Columbia (1941) 400 The Indians where [sic] much the same as the Nootka tribes. 1874 H. H. Bancroft Native Races Pacific States I. iii. 177 The Nootka complexion..is decidedly light. 1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough II. iii. 113 Amongst the Nootka Indians of British Columbia, when a bear had been killed, it was brought in and seated before the head chief. 1955 P. Drucker Indians of Northwest Coast 12 They [sc. the Chinook Indians] traded slaves from the Californian hinterland up the coast for Nootka canoes. 1989 J. Plant Wings of Eagle in J. Plant Healing Wounds 216 The Nootka custom of young girls having to swim alone, after they've come out of their first menstrual period. 2. Of, relating to, or designating the language of the Nootka peoples (see sense B. 1) or the language family to which it belongs (see Nootkan adj. 2).With reference to the language family, cf. quot. 1846 at sense B. 1 and note at sense B. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [adjective] > of Mosan languages > Wakashan > specific Nootka1788 Nootkian1816 Nootkan1890 Kwakiutl1897 1788 R. Haswell in F. W. Howay Voy. Columbia (1941) 71 We were glad to find they spoke a dialect of the Nootka Language. 1792 G. Vancouver Voy. Discov. N. Pacific Ocean (1801) 233 Mr. Whidbey estimated the number of Indians inhabiting this place [sc. Gray's Harbour] at about one hundred; they spoke the Nootka language, but it did not appear to be their native language. 1822 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 401 The natives of the Columbia river have frequent intercourse with the Indians of Classett, who speak the Nootka language. 1846 H. Hale U.S. Exploring Exped.: Ethnogr. & Philol. 220 We might..add to the synopsis and map the Nootka Family, comprising the tribes of Vancouver's Island, and those along the south side of Fuca's Strait. 1891 J. W. Powell Indian Linguistic Families N. of Mexico (1892) 129 Waukash, is the Nootka word ‘good’. 1915 E. Sapir in Trans. Royal Soc. Canada 9 359 The Nootka language is genetically related to Kwakiutl, though only fairly distantly so. 1976 T. A. Sebeok Native Lang. Americas II. 379 Swadesh continued working with Sapir's and Thomas' Nootka texts, treating the morphology, which afforded the basis of his doctoral dissertation. 1999 J. Raban Passage to Juneau vii. 380 Chauk was a Nootka Indian word for ‘body of water’. 3. In the names of plants native to the northern Pacific coast of North America. a. Nootka fir n. the Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > Douglas fir Nootka fir1803 red fir1844 Oregon pine1845 Douglas fir1850 Oregon fir1853 1803 A. B. Lambert Descr. Genus Pinus I. 51 Nootka Fir... A specimen in the Banksian herbarium, brought home by Mr. Menzies, by whom it was discovered on the North-west coast of America. 1889 G. S. Boulger Uses of Plants vii. 186 Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Carrière, the Oregon Pine, or Douglas or Nootka Fir, abundant in North-west America, furnishes fine, straight, and durable timber. 1957 N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Dec. 59/2 Nootka fir, Douglas fir. b. Nootka cypress n. (also Nootka false cypress, †Nootka Sound cypress) a tall pyramidal cypress, Callitropsis nootkatensis, of western North America. Also called Sitka cypress, yellow cedar. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > Lawson's cypress yellow cedar1840 Oregon cedar1855 Lawson cypress1858 Nootka cypress1860 Sitka cedar1875 swamp-cypress1876 Sitka cypress1884 lawsoniana1959 1860 N. Amer. Rev. July 21 There are also some trees of great rarity and beauty, now on trial,..of which we will mention the Thiopsis borealis, or Nootka Sound Cypress, the Weeping Arbor-Vitæ, and Nordmann's Silver-Fir. 1897 G. B. Sudworth Nomencl. Arborescent Flora U.S. 79 Yellow Cedar... [Also called] Nootka Cypress... Nootka Sound Cypress. 1928 Amer. Midland Naturalist 11 319 Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Sudw. Nootko [sic] Cypress... Var: glauca Beiss. Blue Nootka Cypress. 1969 T. H. Everett Living Trees of World 33/2 The Nootka false-cypress..has quadrangular, drooping branchlets and leaves without white markings on their undersides. 1993 Arboretum: Ann. Rep. Conn. Coll. Arboretum 11/2 Plants not previously used on campus include native Eastern Redbud..Shasta Viburnum..Nootka Falsecypress (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis). B. n. 1. The Southern Wakashan language of the Nootka peoples, or the language family to which it belongs (see Nootkan adj. 2).In early use, referring either to the single language or the language family (cf. quot. 1891). In later use, a distinction has been made between Nootka as the individual language and Nootkan as the language family (cf. quot. 1979). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Mosan > Wakashan > specific Nootkac1789 Makah1870 Kwakiutl1897 Nuu-chah-nulth1990 c1789 R. Haswell in F. W. Howay Voy. Columbia (1941) 102 Vocabulary of Nootka Sound. Nootka Tsawaak. English One. 1846 N. Amer. Rev. July 236 The elements of this dialect are the Nootka, English, Tshinuk, and French; together with a supply of words formed by onomatopœia. 1888 Science 26 Oct. 194/2 Regarding the logical basis of grammar, we may distinguish three groups: the first comprising the Salish, Kwakiutl, and Nutka. 1891 J. W. Powell Indian Linguistic Families N. of Mexico (1892) 129 The term ‘Wakash’ for this group of languages has since been generally ignored, and in its place Nootka or Nootka-Columbian has been adopted. 1915 E. Sapir Abnormal Types of Speech in Nootka 1 In Nootka there are special words used in speaking of obscene matters to or in the presence of women. 1934 Language 10 122 In Nootka a monosyllabic word may end in a consonant or a long vowel, but never in a short vowel. 1949 S. Warren Farthest Frontier 21 Linguistically, the situation was complicated by the various dialects, such as Nootka, Chinook, and Chehalis, each exceedingly complex in sentence structure and spoken within a limited area. 1979 W. H. Jacobsen in L. Campbell & M. Mithun Langs. Native Amer. 768 Wakashan is sharply divided into two branches, formerly usually referred to as Kwakiutl and Nootka.., now usually as Kwakiutlan (Kwakiutlic) and Nootkan to avoid confusion with single language members of each branch. 1997 L. Campbell Amer. Indian Langs. 63/1 Boas proposed that Salish, Chimakuan, and Nootka were..related. 2. A member of the Nootka peoples. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of British Columbia, Alberta, and Alaska > [noun] Slave1789 beaver1801 Carrier1801 Musqueam1808 Nootkian1811 Okanagan1814 Takulli1820 Dogrib1823 Nanaimo1827 Loucheux1828 Bella Coola1834 Nootkan1835 Chilkat1836 Nootka1846 Squamish1846 Siwash1847 Kwakiutl1848 Nitinaht1848 Sitkan1848 Sitka1853 Makah1855 Stick Indian1857 Songhees1860 Stoney1861 Mattole1864 Tlingit1865 Nisga'a1874 Hoochinoo1878 Nimpkish1885 Tsimshian1888 Gitksan1889 Nuxalk1910 Snohomish1910 Nuu-chah-nulth1983 Ditidaht1988 'Namgis1994 1846 H. Hale U.S. Exploring Exped.: Ethnogr. & Philol. 198 (heading) The North-Oregon division. All the tribes north of the Columbia..belong to this division... The Nootkas..also belong to it. 1868 G. M. Sproat Scenes Stud. Savage Life iv. 22 The men (the Nootkahs) are below the middle height, with thick-set limbs, broad faces..and rough, coppery, and tanned skins. 1888 F. Boas in Trans. Royal Soc. Canada 6 ii. 47 The Nutka are probably an independent stock, while the Tlingit and Haida are related to one another. 1910 F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians II. 82/1 The Nootka form one branch of the great Wakashan family. 1973 A. H. Whiteford N. Amer. Indian Arts 46 Splint and rush plaiting was common among the Nootka. 1995 Sci. Amer. Dec. 54/2 Nootka of Vancouver Island and other Native American tribes of the region were susceptible to tsunami disasters. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1784 |
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