noniusn.

Brit.

/ˈnəʊnɪəs/, U.S.

/ˈnoʊniəs/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Nonius.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Nonius, Latinized form of the name of Pedro Nunes (1502–78), Portuguese mathematician, who invented this device and described it in his work De Crepusculis (1542). In sense Compounds after German binokulare Noniusmethode (1924 or earlier, attributed to A. Tschermak; compare quot. 1932¹ at Compounds; compare also German Noniushoropter (1937 or earlier)).

A device consisting of a series of concentric arcs engraved on a quadrant, used for the accurate measurement of angles, altitudes, and heights. Also (in full nonius quadrant): the quadrant itself; also called pantometer. Frequently attributive. Now chiefly historical.The nonius was superseded by the vernier, with which it has sometimes been confused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical instruments > [noun] > arithmetical instrument > sliding ruler

slide rule1663

sliding rule1663

sliding gauge1683

sliding scale1706

logarithmical scales1728

nonius1732

1732 Philos. Trans. 1731–2 (Royal Soc.) 37 274 The Nonius Plate moves with the Index, and subdivides each of the small Divisions of the Arch into ten equal Parts or Minutes.

1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 515 In this Method another Observer will be generally necessary to note the Degree cut by the Nonius.

1781 M. Cutler Jrnl. 5 June in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 86 I went to Salem to get a nonius fitted to my barometer.

1804 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 94 78 Their scales were divided with the greatest care; and, by means of a nonius, they show eighth parts of a degree very distinctly.

1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 350 The lever or clamp, connected with the nonius screw on one of the deflectors.

1881 A. de S. Pinto How I crossed Afr. II. ii. ii. 160 I read in the nonius 50° 10′.

1943 Empire Survey Rev. July 102 Graham undertook to make a zenith sector.., and in this instrument the vernier or nonius was abandoned in favour of a micrometer screw.

1990 A. Chapman Dividing Circle ii. 22 [Clavius and Curtis] attempted to simplify the Nonius quadrant both by reducing the number of concentric arcs required to read an angle, and by dividing them up into sequences of equal parts that could be arrived at by continuous bisection.

Compounds

attributive. Ophthalmology. Designating or relating to techniques in which two offset series of rods or lines are brought into alignment. nonius horopter n. a person's horopter obtained using such a technique.

ΚΠ

1932 Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. 22 580 Tschermak modified Volkmann's method by equating the apparent direction in one eye, not against the other, but against the apparent direction as seen binocularly. His description of this method, which he calls the binocular nonius method, is as follows.

1932 Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. 22 592 The region of single vision rotates about the point of fixation as does the grid-nonius horopter when a magnifying glass is placed before one of the eyes.

1939 Amer. Jrnl. Optometry 16 161 By the nonius method, however, where each eye sees part of the test rods but no part is seen binocularly, results were more in accord with geometric conditions.

1950 K. N. Ogle Res. Binocular Vision iv. 34 (caption) Results for four observers showing..the Nonius horopter for several observation distances.

1979 Nature 30 Aug. 830/2 We used a nonius technique for recording vergence changes made in response to tachistoscopic presentation of various stereograms.

1998 Vision Res. 38 2711 The effects of horizontal retinal eccentricity on lateral shifts in correspondence were determined by measuring the nonius horopter of the subject under forced convergence.

2001 Ophthalmic & Physiol. Optics 21 368 The ‘nonius offset card’ presents a set of paired dichoptic nonius (vernier) lines with different offset simultaneously: the subject has to indicate the coinciding lines.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nonius
释义	noniusn. Brit. /ˈnəʊnɪəs/, U.S. /ˈnoʊniəs/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Nonius. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Nonius, Latinized form of the name of Pedro Nunes (1502–78), Portuguese mathematician, who invented this device and described it in his work De Crepusculis (1542). In sense Compounds after German binokulare Noniusmethode (1924 or earlier, attributed to A. Tschermak; compare quot. 1932¹ at Compounds; compare also German Noniushoropter (1937 or earlier)). A device consisting of a series of concentric arcs engraved on a quadrant, used for the accurate measurement of angles, altitudes, and heights. Also (in full nonius quadrant): the quadrant itself; also called pantometer. Frequently attributive. Now chiefly historical.The nonius was superseded by the vernier, with which it has sometimes been confused. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical instruments > [noun] > arithmetical instrument > sliding ruler slide rule1663 sliding rule1663 sliding gauge1683 sliding scale1706 logarithmical scales1728 nonius1732 1732 Philos. Trans. 1731–2 (Royal Soc.) 37 274 The Nonius Plate moves with the Index, and subdivides each of the small Divisions of the Arch into ten equal Parts or Minutes. 1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 515 In this Method another Observer will be generally necessary to note the Degree cut by the Nonius. 1781 M. Cutler Jrnl. 5 June in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 86 I went to Salem to get a nonius fitted to my barometer. 1804 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 94 78 Their scales were divided with the greatest care; and, by means of a nonius, they show eighth parts of a degree very distinctly. 1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 350 The lever or clamp, connected with the nonius screw on one of the deflectors. 1881 A. de S. Pinto How I crossed Afr. II. ii. ii. 160 I read in the nonius 50° 10′. 1943 Empire Survey Rev. July 102 Graham undertook to make a zenith sector.., and in this instrument the vernier or nonius was abandoned in favour of a micrometer screw. 1990 A. Chapman Dividing Circle ii. 22 [Clavius and Curtis] attempted to simplify the Nonius quadrant both by reducing the number of concentric arcs required to read an angle, and by dividing them up into sequences of equal parts that could be arrived at by continuous bisection. Compounds attributive. Ophthalmology. Designating or relating to techniques in which two offset series of rods or lines are brought into alignment. nonius horopter n. a person's horopter obtained using such a technique. ΚΠ 1932 Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. 22 580 Tschermak modified Volkmann's method by equating the apparent direction in one eye, not against the other, but against the apparent direction as seen binocularly. His description of this method, which he calls the binocular nonius method, is as follows. 1932 Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. 22 592 The region of single vision rotates about the point of fixation as does the grid-nonius horopter when a magnifying glass is placed before one of the eyes. 1939 Amer. Jrnl. Optometry 16 161 By the nonius method, however, where each eye sees part of the test rods but no part is seen binocularly, results were more in accord with geometric conditions. 1950 K. N. Ogle Res. Binocular Vision iv. 34 (caption) Results for four observers showing..the Nonius horopter for several observation distances. 1979 Nature 30 Aug. 830/2 We used a nonius technique for recording vergence changes made in response to tachistoscopic presentation of various stereograms. 1998 Vision Res. 38 2711 The effects of horizontal retinal eccentricity on lateral shifts in correspondence were determined by measuring the nonius horopter of the subject under forced convergence. 2001 Ophthalmic & Physiol. Optics 21 368 The ‘nonius offset card’ presents a set of paired dichoptic nonius (vernier) lines with different offset simultaneously: the subject has to indicate the coinciding lines. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1732
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