northern.

Brit.

/ˈnɔːðə/, U.S.

/ˈnɔrðər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: north n., -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < north n. + -er suffix¹.

Chiefly North American.

A strong northerly wind; spec. one which blows during the autumn and winter months over Texas, Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico. Cf. norte n., north n. 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > winds from specific compass points > north

north windeOE

aquilonc1374

northa1382

Boreas1398

breeze1589

tramontane1615

galern1693

northern1777

norther1827

northerly1895

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > winds from specific compass points > north > specific near Gulf of Mexico

norther1827

norte1843

1827 Western Monthly Rev. 1 320 We were struck by a gale, that they call a norther.

1835 J. F. Cooper Monikins II. iii. 71 It may be even now questioned whether the ship would claw off..with a sending sea, and this heavy norther.

1857 F. L. Olmsted Journey through Texas 169 These northers upon the open prairies are exceedingly trying.

1891 Scribner's Mag. 10 283 The weather along the Pacific highway has been uniformly pleasant, for northers are infrequent.

1946 Sun (Baltimore) 30 Dec. 11/1 St. Mary's football squad arrived in Houston early this morning to be greeted by a Texas ‘norther’.

1973 Houston Chron. 21 Oct. 1/3 (caption) A delightfully persistent Indian Summer lingered over Houston..before..winter and the prospect of rain and blue northers.

2000 Book July–Aug. 28/1 A cold norther was singing in off the plains, swirling long ribbons of dust down Main Street.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

northeradj.

Brit.

/ˈnɔːðə/, U.S.

/ˈnɔrðər/

Forms: Old English nordra (weak declension, masculine, in a Middle English copy), Old English norþera (weak declension, masculine), Old English norðera (weak declension, masculine), Old English norþerra (weak declension, masculine), Old English norþra (weak declension, masculine, in a Middle English copy), Old English norðra (weak declension, masculine), late Old English nyrðra (weak declension, masculine), Middle English northir, Middle English norþure, Middle English– norther.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian northera , nordra , Middle Dutch norder , noorder (Dutch noorder- , only in compounds), Middle Low German nōrder , Old High German norder- (only in compounds; Middle High German norder , German (archaic) norder ), Old Icelandic norðarri , Norwegian nordre , Swedish nordre , nordra , norra , Danish nordre , showing a formation ultimately < the same base as north adv. with different suffixation. Compare souther adj., easter adj., wester adj.In Old English attested only in weak forms (norð(e)ra , masculine, norð(e)re , feminine and neuter), with the ending probably reanalysed as the comparative -er suffix³ (compare the form norþerra). This word, together with norðerne northern adj. (in origin a derivative from the same Germanic base), is the usual adjective for ‘northern’ in Old English (Old English norð is only attested as an adverb and as the first element of compounds); in later use largely superseded by northern adj. and north adj. (compare discussion at north adv., adj., and n.). The late Old English form nyrðra shows analogical mutation of stem vowel, either after mutated forms like firra (comparative of feorr far adv.), or (perhaps more likely) by Scandinavian influence (compare Old Icelandic nyrðri (earlier nørðri ), Norwegian (Nynorsk) nørdre , Old Swedish nördre , nörre , nyrre (Swedish †nörre ), Old Danish nørræ (Danish nørre , now archaic or regional), all from a Scandinavian base with a form of the comparative suffix in -i- : see discussion at -er suffix³); compare also late Old English sȳþera souther adj.

regional in later use (frequently in African-American usage or representations of this).

1. More northerly; situated further to the north. Now chiefly in place names (esp. in Newfoundland).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > North > [adjective] > most

northereOE

northmosteOE

northest1488

northermost1572

northernmost1661

normost1694

far-northern1856

eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 918 Ðæt folc eal ðe to ðære norþerran byrig hierde.

lOE Royal Charter: Edward the Elder to Familia of Winchester Cathedral (Sawyer 359) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 242 Þonne & lang steþes þæt be neoðan beamwær on þone norþere steþ.

a1170 ( Bounds (Sawyer 529) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 169 Ðone licgað þær þa þreo hida on þam norðran Denceswurþe undælede.

c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Laud) 361 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 441 In alle halewene church-ȝerd, In þe norþure side [c1300 Harl. norþ side].

1497 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 35 Whereupon Perkin and his company went to the East gate, and to the Norther gate.

a1544 R. Barlow tr. M. Fernández de Enciso Brief Summe Geogr. (1932) 132 The norther part of this ilond is in 6 degrees.

1561 in C. Innes Registrum de Dunfermelyn (1842) 436 Blair bothie norther..Blairne-bothie souther.

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxxii. 77 The Norther part of the Bay hath foule ground, and rocks vnder water.

1677 Rec. Inverness in W. Mackay Rec. Presbyteries Inverness & Dingwall (1896) 76 One part of the said dask, to wit, the northerest corner thereof.

1876 J. M. Carter Let. 17 July in U. S. Grant Papers (2005) XXVII. 204 We black men in the norther states due feel moast deeply for our people in the souther states.

1894 H. N. Warren Tilmon Joy in Declar. Independence & War Hist. 185 I'se fotched you a canteen of watah outen de northerest corner of de spring.

1953 Newfoundland & Labrador Pilot ii. 116 Norther cove is entered between Green point and Norther point... These hills back the tableland forming the coast between Norther point and South head.

†2. Northern; coming from the north. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > [adjective] > north of Britain

northera1470

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 25 Thys was the causis of the northir hoste, that they were rered for the despite and rebuke that the..kyngis had at Carlyon.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 846 Bot Northir men wald no-thing swa.

a1555 D. Lindsay Satyre of Thrie Estaits (1602) 129 To do iustice in all the Norther Airtis, Sa equallie without impediment, That thay neid nocht seik iustice in thir pairts.

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 2^v Filix femina..is the commen ferne or brake whiche the Norther men call a braken.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

northerv.

Brit.

/ˈnɔːðə/, U.S.

/ˈnɔrðər/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: norther adj.

Etymology: < norther adj.; perhaps compare -er suffix⁵. Compare wester v., easter v.¹, souther v. Compare also north v.

rare.

intransitive. To turn to the north; (in early use) spec. (of the wind) to blow from the north, to become northerly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow from a particular quarter > change direction > in specific direction

wester1580

veer1582

souther1635

northera1665

backen1800

south1823

southern1859

back1860

a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 93 It was extreme cold, and the wind northered vpon vs.

1672 London Gaz. No. 682/4 The wind was very high, and Northering.

1920–8 R. Jeffers Coll. Poetry (1988) I. 100 The torch northering Lightened the Atlantic.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† northeradv.

Forms: Old English norðor, early Middle English norþer, early Middle English norður.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle High German norder , Old Icelandic norðarr < the Germanic base of north adv. + the Germanic base of -er suffix³.

Obsolete. rare.

Further north.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > North > [adverb] > further

northerOE

northermoc1275

northermore?a1400

OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) iv. §50. 38 Witodlice se winterlica mona gæð norðor, þonne seo sunne gange on sumera.

OE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 15 Þæt byne land is easteweard bradost & symle swa norðor swa smælre.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 2674 Þo ferde he norþer [c1275 norður ma] and one neuwe borh makede.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

n.1827

adj.eOE

v.a1665

adv.OE

单词	norther
释义	northern. Brit. /ˈnɔːðə/, U.S. /ˈnɔrðər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: north n., -er suffix¹. Etymology: < north n. + -er suffix¹. Chiefly North American. A strong northerly wind; spec. one which blows during the autumn and winter months over Texas, Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico. Cf. norte n., north n. 4b. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > winds from specific compass points > north north windeOE aquilonc1374 northa1382 Boreas1398 breeze1589 tramontane1615 galern1693 northern1777 norther1827 northerly1895 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > winds from specific compass points > north > specific near Gulf of Mexico norther1827 norte1843 1827 Western Monthly Rev. 1 320 We were struck by a gale, that they call a norther. 1835 J. F. Cooper Monikins II. iii. 71 It may be even now questioned whether the ship would claw off..with a sending sea, and this heavy norther. 1857 F. L. Olmsted Journey through Texas 169 These northers upon the open prairies are exceedingly trying. 1891 Scribner's Mag. 10 283 The weather along the Pacific highway has been uniformly pleasant, for northers are infrequent. 1946 Sun (Baltimore) 30 Dec. 11/1 St. Mary's football squad arrived in Houston early this morning to be greeted by a Texas ‘norther’. 1973 Houston Chron. 21 Oct. 1/3 (caption) A delightfully persistent Indian Summer lingered over Houston..before..winter and the prospect of rain and blue northers. 2000 Book July–Aug. 28/1 A cold norther was singing in off the plains, swirling long ribbons of dust down Main Street. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). northeradj. Brit. /ˈnɔːðə/, U.S. /ˈnɔrðər/ Forms: Old English nordra (weak declension, masculine, in a Middle English copy), Old English norþera (weak declension, masculine), Old English norðera (weak declension, masculine), Old English norþerra (weak declension, masculine), Old English norþra (weak declension, masculine, in a Middle English copy), Old English norðra (weak declension, masculine), late Old English nyrðra (weak declension, masculine), Middle English northir, Middle English norþure, Middle English– norther. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian northera , nordra , Middle Dutch norder , noorder (Dutch noorder- , only in compounds), Middle Low German nōrder , Old High German norder- (only in compounds; Middle High German norder , German (archaic) norder ), Old Icelandic norðarri , Norwegian nordre , Swedish nordre , nordra , norra , Danish nordre , showing a formation ultimately < the same base as north adv. with different suffixation. Compare souther adj., easter adj., wester adj.In Old English attested only in weak forms (norð(e)ra , masculine, norð(e)re , feminine and neuter), with the ending probably reanalysed as the comparative -er suffix³ (compare the form norþerra). This word, together with norðerne northern adj. (in origin a derivative from the same Germanic base), is the usual adjective for ‘northern’ in Old English (Old English norð is only attested as an adverb and as the first element of compounds); in later use largely superseded by northern adj. and north adj. (compare discussion at north adv., adj., and n.). The late Old English form nyrðra shows analogical mutation of stem vowel, either after mutated forms like firra (comparative of feorr far adv.), or (perhaps more likely) by Scandinavian influence (compare Old Icelandic nyrðri (earlier nørðri ), Norwegian (Nynorsk) nørdre , Old Swedish nördre , nörre , nyrre (Swedish †nörre ), Old Danish nørræ (Danish nørre , now archaic or regional), all from a Scandinavian base with a form of the comparative suffix in -i- : see discussion at -er suffix³); compare also late Old English sȳþera souther adj. regional in later use (frequently in African-American usage or representations of this). 1. More northerly; situated further to the north. Now chiefly in place names (esp. in Newfoundland). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > North > [adjective] > most northereOE northmosteOE northest1488 northermost1572 northernmost1661 normost1694 far-northern1856 eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 918 Ðæt folc eal ðe to ðære norþerran byrig hierde. lOE Royal Charter: Edward the Elder to Familia of Winchester Cathedral (Sawyer 359) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 242 Þonne & lang steþes þæt be neoðan beamwær on þone norþere steþ. a1170 ( Bounds (Sawyer 529) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 169 Ðone licgað þær þa þreo hida on þam norðran Denceswurþe undælede. c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Laud) 361 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 441 In alle halewene church-ȝerd, In þe norþure side [c1300 Harl. norþ side]. 1497 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 35 Whereupon Perkin and his company went to the East gate, and to the Norther gate. a1544 R. Barlow tr. M. Fernández de Enciso Brief Summe Geogr. (1932) 132 The norther part of this ilond is in 6 degrees. 1561 in C. Innes Registrum de Dunfermelyn (1842) 436 Blair bothie norther..Blairne-bothie souther. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxxii. 77 The Norther part of the Bay hath foule ground, and rocks vnder water. 1677 Rec. Inverness in W. Mackay Rec. Presbyteries Inverness & Dingwall (1896) 76 One part of the said dask, to wit, the northerest corner thereof. 1876 J. M. Carter Let. 17 July in U. S. Grant Papers (2005) XXVII. 204 We black men in the norther states due feel moast deeply for our people in the souther states. 1894 H. N. Warren Tilmon Joy in Declar. Independence & War Hist. 185 I'se fotched you a canteen of watah outen de northerest corner of de spring. 1953 Newfoundland & Labrador Pilot ii. 116 Norther cove is entered between Green point and Norther point... These hills back the tableland forming the coast between Norther point and South head. †2. Northern; coming from the north. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > [adjective] > north of Britain northera1470 a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 25 Thys was the causis of the northir hoste, that they were rered for the despite and rebuke that the..kyngis had at Carlyon. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 846 Bot Northir men wald no-thing swa. a1555 D. Lindsay Satyre of Thrie Estaits (1602) 129 To do iustice in all the Norther Airtis, Sa equallie without impediment, That thay neid nocht seik iustice in thir pairts. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 2^v Filix femina..is the commen ferne or brake whiche the Norther men call a braken. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). northerv. Brit. /ˈnɔːðə/, U.S. /ˈnɔrðər/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: norther adj. Etymology: < norther adj.; perhaps compare -er suffix⁵. Compare wester v., easter v.¹, souther v. Compare also north v. rare. intransitive. To turn to the north; (in early use) spec. (of the wind) to blow from the north, to become northerly. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow from a particular quarter > change direction > in specific direction wester1580 veer1582 souther1635 northera1665 backen1800 south1823 southern1859 back1860 a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 93 It was extreme cold, and the wind northered vpon vs. 1672 London Gaz. No. 682/4 The wind was very high, and Northering. 1920–8 R. Jeffers Coll. Poetry (1988) I. 100 The torch northering Lightened the Atlantic. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † northeradv. Forms: Old English norðor, early Middle English norþer, early Middle English norður. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle High German norder , Old Icelandic norðarr < the Germanic base of north adv. + the Germanic base of -er suffix³. Obsolete. rare. Further north. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > North > [adverb] > further northerOE northermoc1275 northermore?a1400 OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) iv. §50. 38 Witodlice se winterlica mona gæð norðor, þonne seo sunne gange on sumera. OE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 15 Þæt byne land is easteweard bradost & symle swa norðor swa smælre. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 2674 Þo ferde he norþer [c1275 norður ma] and one neuwe borh makede. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1827adj.eOEv.a1665adv.OE
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