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单词 non-natural
释义

non-naturaladj.n.

Brit. /nɒnˈnatʃ(ə)rəl/, /nɒnˈnatʃ(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /nɑ(n)ˈnætʃər(ə)l/, /nɑ(n)ˈnætʃr(ə)l/
Forms: see non- prefix and natural adj.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: non- prefix, natural adj.
Etymology: < non- prefix + natural adj. With use as noun compare natural n.1In non-natural things (see sense A. 1), probably after post-classical Latin res non-naturales (1676 in the passage translated in quot. 1696 at sense B. 1, but probably earlier).
A. adj.
1. Medicine. Designating or relating to any or all of the six external factors regarded as necessary to health (see sense B. 1). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > conducive to health
goodOE
healfulc1340
hailsome1372
haila1393
wholesomea1398
halesomea1400
wholefulc1443
salutairec1450
soundc1460
healsomec1475
healthful1495
saluberrime1509
laudable?1518
sanative1548
healthy1552
healthsomea1563
salutiferous1604
non-natural1621
salutary1649
sanitiferous1657
saniferousa1706
constitutional1750
sanitary1853
healthward1884
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. ii. i. 86 Necessary..are those six non-naturall things, so much spoken of amongst Physitians.
1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis i. 11 This ought not to be accounted among the non-natural or unvaletudinary figures.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Non-Natural Things, or the Non-Natural Cause of Diseases, as the Physicians reckon them are six.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Medicine The fourth Branch considers the Remedies, and their Use, whereby Life may be preserv'd; whence 'tis called Hygeine. Its Objects are what we strictly call Non-naturals.
2. Not belonging to the natural order of things; not according to or dependent on nature; not involving natural means or process; unnatural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adjective] > unusual or unwonted > unusual or unnatural
innaturalc1400
unnaturala1586
non-natural1650
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > abnormal or unnatural
wicked13..
innaturalc1400
monstruousc1425
wick?c1425
disnaturalc1430
monstrousa1464
unnatural1516
natureless1548
prodigious1569
non-natural1650
disnatured1764
1650 E. Williams Virgo Triumphans (new ed.) Suppl. sig. I3v The (supposed dangerous) neighborhood of the Sun..could not but perpetually exile all cold and moisture as non-naturall and forreine to their immediate residence.
1758 J. Mackenzie Hist. Health Introd. 4 Galen divides things relating to the human body into three classes: Things which are Natural to it: Things which are Non-natural; and things which are Extra-natural.
1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) II. 59 A non-natural woman, to go to leave her children.
1862 J. McCosh Supernat. ii. i. §4. 150 (note) A miracle is non-natural.
1874 M. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 797 The God of this religion of the future will be still a magnified and non-natural man.
1887 Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger: Zool. 19 iv. 1 The majority of zoologists continued for a long time to divide the Pteropoda into non-natural groups.
1905 R. B. Perry Approach to Philos. 239 Anaxagoras had referred the creative and formative processes of nature to a non-natural or rational agency.
1954 P. H. Nowell-Smith Ethics 39 The difference between moral characteristics and those we learn about in science and history is marked by calling them non-natural.
1989 A. Danto Salute to Veronese in Encounters & Reflections (1991) 220 Chiaroscuro recommended itself as a mode of painting when artists were concerned to create a mysterious, almost nonnatural atmosphere in which scenes of the utmost religious intensity could transpire.
3. 1760Not in accordance with the simple sense of a word; (in later use) (spec. of a meaning, interpretation, etc.) dependent on the existence of shared associations in the speaker or writer and the listener or reader.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > misinterpretation > distortion or perversion of meaning > [adjective]
corruptc1386
racked1546
detorted?1550
wrested1551
writhen1551
writhed1562
forced1583
tortured1603
strained1609
distorted1641
violented1641
crook1647
extorted1652
refracted1655
madly wrested1656
wry1663
corrupted1699
non-natural1844
1844 W. G. Ward Ideal Christian Church 479 Our twelfth Article is as plain as words can make it on the ‘evangelical’ side..I subscribe it myself in a non-natural sense.
1864 E. B. Pusey Daniel 471 When they strive so hard, in non-natural ways, to force other meanings on the words.
1884 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 25 688 It is not that the word ‘wife’ is taken in a non-natural sense.
1926 Mind 35 488 ‘Emergence’..seems to be used in a forced and non-natural sense to mean the arising of unpredictable novelties.
1957 H. P. Grice in Philos. Rev. 66 379 This question about the distinction between natural and non-natural meaning is, I think, what people are getting at when they display an interest in a distinction between ‘natural’ and ‘conventional’ signs.
1994 C. Humphrey et al. Archetypal Actions of Ritual 85 The notion of communication is tied to that of non-natural meaning. Communicative behaviour is directed towards a potential recipient, who is intended to understand the act in question in a particular way.
B. n.
1. Medicine. In plural. The six external factors (air, diet, sleep, exercise, excretion, and emotion) regarded as necessary to health, but which may through abuse, accident, etc., become a cause of disease. Frequently contrasted with natural n.1 5. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > [noun] > science or subject of
subterranean geography1624
non-natural1696
supernaturalism1796
supranaturalism1821
hypophysicsa1834
hyperphysics1855
preternaturalism1864
the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > state of being conducive to > that which is conducive to
virtuea1393
quarta1400
non-natural1696
doctor1740
1696 J. Pechey tr. T. Sydenham Whole Wks. i. ii. 6 The abovemention'd qualities of the Air do..dispose our Bodies to generate this or that Epidemick Disease, which is likewise to be said of any Error in the six Nonnaturals [L. res non-naturales].
1708 J. Wainewright (title) A mechanical account of the non-naturals: being a brief explication of the changes made in humane bodies, by air, diet, &c.
1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 71 None of the Evacuations will be irregular, if the Air, our Aliment, or some other of the Non-naturals do not disaffect 'em.
1788 W. Cowper Let. 19 June (1982) III. 181 I rather suspect that you do not allow yourself sufficient air and exercise; the physicians call them Non-naturals. I suppose to deter their patients from the use of them.
1826 W. Scott Diary 9 June in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) VI. x. 319 Slept well last night. By the way, how intolerably selfish this Journal makes one seem—so much attention to one's naturals and non-naturals!
1847 C. D. Badham Treat. Esculent Funguses 26 The day is past..for long-winded prose epics on indigestion; a livelier mode of dealing with the subject of non naturals in the shape of Novels and Romances, has won the public ear.
1945 Science 21 Sept. 299/1 The first part of the exhibit is devoted to early writings on hygiene beginning with Galen and his concept of the ‘Non-Naturals’ in relation of health.
1997 William & Mary Q. 54 237 Other diseases resulted from exposure to external factors, the somewhat confusingly named non-naturals (diet, exercise, temperature, sleep, excretion) that trigger change within the body.
2.
a. That which is not natural. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1826 C. Lamb in New Monthly Mag. 16 519 For the super-natural, or something super-added to what we know of nature, they give you the plainly non-natural.
b. A non-natural thing. rare.
ΚΠ
1874 M. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 818 If any science is likely to be able to demonstrate to us the magnified and non-natural man, it must be the science of non-naturals.
1994 W. R. Newman Gehennical Fire iii. 102 The similarity [of the mineral genus] in general with those naturals, non-naturals, and contra-naturals of the other two genera.

Derivatives

non-natuˈrality n. rare = non-naturalness n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [noun] > unwontedness or unusualness > unusualness or unnaturalness
non-naturality1827
unnaturalness1865
non-naturalness1878
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [noun] > condition of being abnormal or unnatural
unkindnessc1390
unnaturalness?a1425
monstrosity1639
prodigiousness1649
preternaturality1666
preternaturalness1695
abnormity1724
unnaturalism1754
unnaturality1819
non-naturality1827
preternaturalism1834
non-naturalness1878
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. III. v. iii. 55 He denied some of the facts by which the non-naturality of the death was indicated.
1945 S. Eilenberg & S. MacLane in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 58 269 As another example of non-naturality, consider the theorem which asserts that any abelian group G with a finite number of generators can be represented.
non-ˈnaturalness n. rare the condition of being non-natural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [noun] > unwontedness or unusualness > unusualness or unnaturalness
non-naturality1827
unnaturalness1865
non-naturalness1878
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [noun] > condition of being abnormal or unnatural
unkindnessc1390
unnaturalness?a1425
monstrosity1639
prodigiousness1649
preternaturality1666
preternaturalness1695
abnormity1724
unnaturalism1754
unnaturality1819
non-naturality1827
preternaturalism1834
non-naturalness1878
1878 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 330 The non-naturalness of the thought.
1988 T. L. S. Sprigge Rational Found. Ethics ii. 35 I suggest..that the alleged non-naturalness of good and bad consists in their being properties of things which follow from what the things are like but which do not contribute to things being like what they are like.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1621
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