† nithen.

Forms: Old English–early Middle English nið, Old English–early Middle English nyð, Old English–Middle English niþ, early Middle English nuð, early Middle English nigh (transmission error), early Middle English nih (transmission error), Middle English nith, Middle English nithe, Middle English niþe, Middle English nuþ, Middle English nyth, Middle English nyþe, Middle English nythe, Middle English niht (transmission error); N.E.D. (1907) also records a form Middle English nithȝ.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian nīth, Middle Dutch nith, nijt, nijd (Dutch nijd), Old Saxon nīth (Middle Low German nīt, nyet), Old High German nīd, nīdh (Middle High German nīt, German Neid), Old Icelandic níð, Old Swedish nidh, nith (Swedish (in compounds) nid-, Swedish regional nid), Danish nid, Gothic neiþ, further etymology uncertain; perhaps from the same Indo-European base as Early Irish níth combat.Suggested links with classical Latin nītī to strive (compare nitency n.¹), should probably be rejected on phonological grounds.

Obsolete.

Envy, malice, hatred; enmity, ill will.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > [noun]

heteeOE

nitheeOE

fiendshipc900

hatingOE

hatec1175

loathnessc1175

foeshipa1200

hatreda1225

foredenc1275

bitterhead1340

enmityc1380

bitternessa1382

haynec1386

enemy1398

heart-burningc1425

affection1485

dislovea1533

pique1532

haturea1563

animosity1568

foehood?1578

animoseness1730

hard feeling1803

dispeace1825

needle1874

bad mind1939

eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) vii. 10 Consummetur nequita peccatorum : sie fornumen nið ðeara synfulra.

OE Crist III 1659 Ðær is..sib butan niþe halgum on gemonge.

OE Blickling Homilies 171 Þa woldan hie on ecnesse hæle & trume wið deofla niþum & helle witum.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1086 Ac he [wæs] swa stið, þæt he ne rohte heora eallra nið.

c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 140 Þa englas healdæþ heom wið his yfel & wið his niþes grymnesse.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5578 Himm reoweþþ þatt he dwelleþþ her..onn eorþe. Þatt all iss full off hete. & niþ.

a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 191 Swo haueð þe deuel nið and onde to men.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 417 (MED) Hit is for þine fule niþe Þat þu ne miȝt mid us bo bliþe.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 3934 Beine in niþe and honde wonede in þisse londe.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 149 (MED) Deuelen..forse scholle brede And wreþe and nyþe.

c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) 553 Pees and Riht cussen and be sauȝt and some, And dryuen out werre, nuþ and onde.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 23279 (MED) Þo þat euer had wraþþe & nyþe And wiþ bacbytyng wolde kiþe.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 237 (MED) Leulyn had..werred..on him with nyth & onde.

a1425 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Linc. Inn) (1973) 101 (MED) Al he dude for nyþe [v.r. angur] and onde: He þouȝte to beo kyng of þis londe.

Compounds

nithe-grim adj. grim, cruel, savage.

ΚΠ

OE Beowulf 193 Nydwracu niþgrim, nihtbealwa mæst.

OE Paris Psalter (1932) liv. 5 Me beþeahton þeostru niðgrim.

nithe-iwork n. an evil deed.

ΚΠ

OE Beowulf 683 Þeah ðe he rof sie niþgeweorca.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† nitheadj.

Forms: early Middle English niþ, early Middle English nið.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: nithe n.

Etymology: < nithe n.

Obsolete. rare.

Evil, bad; dreadful.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adjective]

woughc888

litherc893

frakeda900

sinnyc950

unrighteouseOE

baleOE

manOE

unfeleOE

ungoodc1000

unwrasta1122

illc1175

nithec1175

wickc1175

hinderfulc1200

quedec1275

wickedc1275

wondlichc1275

unkindc1325

badc1330

divers1340

wrakefula1350

felonousc1374

flagitiousc1384

lewdc1386

noughta1387

ungoodly1390

unquertc1390

diverse1393

felona1400

imperfectc1400

unfairc1400

unfinec1400

unblesseda1425

meschant?c1450

naughtyc1460

feculent1471

sinister1474

noughty?1490

ill-deedya1500

pernicious?1533

scelerous1534

naught1536

goodlyc1560

nefarious1567

iron1574

felly1583

paganish1587

improbate1596

malefactious1607

villain1607

infand1608

scelestious1609

illful1613

scelestic1628

inimicitious1641

infandous1645

iniquous1655

improbous1657

malefactory1667

perta1704

iniquitous1726

unracy1782

unredeemed1799

demoralized1800

fetid1805

scarlet1820

gammy1832

nefast1849

disvaluable1942

badass1955

bad-assed1962

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13677 He fell off heffne dun. Inn till niþ helle pine.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7116 Seoððen come Normans mid heore nið craften.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† nithev.

Forms: Old English niþan, Middle English niþe, Middle English niðe.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch nīden (early modern Dutch nijden ), Old Saxon nīdōn , nīdan (Middle Low German nīden ), Old High German nīdōn , nīden (Middle High German nīden , German (chiefly archaic) neiden ), Old Icelandic níða , Old Swedish nidha (Swedish regional nida ) < the same Germanic base as nithe n.The usual word for ‘to envy’ in Dutch is the prefixed form benijden, and likewise in German beneiden (Middle High German benīden).

Obsolete. rare.

1. transitive. To envy, hate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hate inwardly or intensely [verb (transitive)]

hateeOE

i-veec975

nitheOE

inhatea1529

maligna1535

misbelove1545

stand1869

(I, etc.) wouldn't be seen (or found) dead in, with1924

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. viii. 117 Þweora manna þeaw is, þæt hi symble æfæstiað oþra manna goddæde & hefelice niþas [read niþað] þa hi [selfe no ðy] ær habban willað.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1521 Niðede ðat folk him fel wel, And deden him flitten hise ostel.

2. intransitive. To feel envy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > be or become jealous or envious [verb (intransitive)] > be envious

nithea1400

flame1548

grudgea1577

to grudge a thoughta1616

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxvi. 8 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 167 (MED) Blinne fra wreth, and lete breth swiþe; Þat þou be liþered, nil þou niþe [v.r. miþe; L. æmulari].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.eOE

adj.c1175

v.OE

单词	nithe
释义	† nithen. Forms: Old English–early Middle English nið, Old English–early Middle English nyð, Old English–Middle English niþ, early Middle English nuð, early Middle English nigh (transmission error), early Middle English nih (transmission error), Middle English nith, Middle English nithe, Middle English niþe, Middle English nuþ, Middle English nyth, Middle English nyþe, Middle English nythe, Middle English niht (transmission error); N.E.D. (1907) also records a form Middle English nithȝ. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian nīth, Middle Dutch nith, nijt, nijd (Dutch nijd), Old Saxon nīth (Middle Low German nīt, nyet), Old High German nīd, nīdh (Middle High German nīt, German Neid), Old Icelandic níð, Old Swedish nidh, nith (Swedish (in compounds) nid-, Swedish regional nid), Danish nid, Gothic neiþ, further etymology uncertain; perhaps from the same Indo-European base as Early Irish níth combat.Suggested links with classical Latin nītī to strive (compare nitency n.¹), should probably be rejected on phonological grounds. Obsolete. Envy, malice, hatred; enmity, ill will. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > [noun] heteeOE nitheeOE fiendshipc900 hatingOE hatec1175 loathnessc1175 foeshipa1200 hatreda1225 foredenc1275 bitterhead1340 enmityc1380 bitternessa1382 haynec1386 enemy1398 heart-burningc1425 affection1485 dislovea1533 pique1532 haturea1563 animosity1568 foehood?1578 animoseness1730 hard feeling1803 dispeace1825 needle1874 bad mind1939 eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) vii. 10 Consummetur nequita peccatorum : sie fornumen nið ðeara synfulra. OE Crist III 1659 Ðær is..sib butan niþe halgum on gemonge. OE Blickling Homilies 171 Þa woldan hie on ecnesse hæle & trume wið deofla niþum & helle witum. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1086 Ac he [wæs] swa stið, þæt he ne rohte heora eallra nið. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 140 Þa englas healdæþ heom wið his yfel & wið his niþes grymnesse. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5578 Himm reoweþþ þatt he dwelleþþ her..onn eorþe. Þatt all iss full off hete. & niþ. a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 191 Swo haueð þe deuel nið and onde to men. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 417 (MED) Hit is for þine fule niþe Þat þu ne miȝt mid us bo bliþe. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 3934 Beine in niþe and honde wonede in þisse londe. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 149 (MED) Deuelen..forse scholle brede And wreþe and nyþe. c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) 553 Pees and Riht cussen and be sauȝt and some, And dryuen out werre, nuþ and onde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 23279 (MED) Þo þat euer had wraþþe & nyþe And wiþ bacbytyng wolde kiþe. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 237 (MED) Leulyn had..werred..on him with nyth & onde. a1425 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Linc. Inn) (1973) 101 (MED) Al he dude for nyþe [v.r. angur] and onde: He þouȝte to beo kyng of þis londe. Compounds nithe-grim adj. grim, cruel, savage. ΚΠ OE Beowulf 193 Nydwracu niþgrim, nihtbealwa mæst. OE Paris Psalter (1932) liv. 5 Me beþeahton þeostru niðgrim. nithe-iwork n. an evil deed. ΚΠ OE Beowulf 683 Þeah ðe he rof sie niþgeweorca. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † nitheadj. Forms: early Middle English niþ, early Middle English nið. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: nithe n. Etymology: < nithe n. Obsolete. rare. Evil, bad; dreadful. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adjective] woughc888 litherc893 frakeda900 sinnyc950 unrighteouseOE baleOE manOE unfeleOE ungoodc1000 unwrasta1122 illc1175 nithec1175 wickc1175 hinderfulc1200 quedec1275 wickedc1275 wondlichc1275 unkindc1325 badc1330 divers1340 wrakefula1350 felonousc1374 flagitiousc1384 lewdc1386 noughta1387 ungoodly1390 unquertc1390 diverse1393 felona1400 imperfectc1400 unfairc1400 unfinec1400 unblesseda1425 meschant?c1450 naughtyc1460 feculent1471 sinister1474 noughty?1490 ill-deedya1500 pernicious?1533 scelerous1534 naught1536 goodlyc1560 nefarious1567 iron1574 felly1583 paganish1587 improbate1596 malefactious1607 villain1607 infand1608 scelestious1609 illful1613 scelestic1628 inimicitious1641 infandous1645 iniquous1655 improbous1657 malefactory1667 perta1704 iniquitous1726 unracy1782 unredeemed1799 demoralized1800 fetid1805 scarlet1820 gammy1832 nefast1849 disvaluable1942 badass1955 bad-assed1962 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13677 He fell off heffne dun. Inn till niþ helle pine. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 7116 Seoððen come Normans mid heore nið craften. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † nithev. Forms: Old English niþan, Middle English niþe, Middle English niðe. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch nīden (early modern Dutch nijden ), Old Saxon nīdōn , nīdan (Middle Low German nīden ), Old High German nīdōn , nīden (Middle High German nīden , German (chiefly archaic) neiden ), Old Icelandic níða , Old Swedish nidha (Swedish regional nida ) < the same Germanic base as nithe n.The usual word for ‘to envy’ in Dutch is the prefixed form benijden, and likewise in German beneiden (Middle High German benīden). Obsolete. rare. 1. transitive. To envy, hate. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hate inwardly or intensely [verb (transitive)] hateeOE i-veec975 nitheOE inhatea1529 maligna1535 misbelove1545 stand1869 (I, etc.) wouldn't be seen (or found) dead in, with1924 OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) ii. viii. 117 Þweora manna þeaw is, þæt hi symble æfæstiað oþra manna goddæde & hefelice niþas [read niþað] þa hi [selfe no ðy] ær habban willað. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1521 Niðede ðat folk him fel wel, And deden him flitten hise ostel. 2. intransitive. To feel envy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > be or become jealous or envious [verb (intransitive)] > be envious nithea1400 flame1548 grudgea1577 to grudge a thoughta1616 a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxvi. 8 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 167 (MED) Blinne fra wreth, and lete breth swiþe; Þat þou be liþered, nil þou niþe [v.r. miþe; L. æmulari]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.eOEadj.c1175v.OE
随便看	to be at the receiving end to be at the school of placebo to be at the steerage to be at the wash to be at under one's last shift(s to be at war to be at words to be at, to take til =to any person's or persons' fay to be at, to take til any person's or persons' fay to be atragedizing to be au fait in or at to be awake to to be aware to be aware of to be aware that to be away to be away for slates to be back on one's feet to be bad kokum to be bad luck to be bad news to be badly served to be bagged to be battened on to be becalmed