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单词 nomenclature
释义

nomenclaturen.

Brit. /nə(ʊ)ˈmɛŋklətʃə/, U.S. /ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪtʃ(ə)r/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nōmenclātūra.
Etymology: < classical Latin nōmenclātūra the assigning of names to things (Pliny), in post-classical Latin also a list of words (late 12th cent. in a British source), name, designation (a1536 in Erasmus) < nōmen name n. + calāt- , past participial stem of calāre to call (see calends n.) + -ūra -ure suffix1. Compare Middle French, French nomenclature (1559 denoting an inventory of specialist terms (compare sense 3b), 1690 denoting a list of the commonest words in a language to help learners, 18th cent. in senses corresponding to 4b and 2, 1798 denoting the wordlist of a dictionary), Italian nomenclatura (a1556), Spanish nomenclatura (1594), Portuguese nomenclatura (1781).In sense 3c after Russian nomenklatura nomenklatura n. N.E.D. (1907) gives the pronunciation as (nōu·mĕnklēitiuɹ, nome·nklĕtiuɹ) /ˈnəʊmənkleɪtjə(r)/ /nəʊˈmɛnklətjə(r)/.
1. A name, a designation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun]
nameeOE
wordeOE
clepinga1300
namingc1300
neveningc1300
titlec1390
notea1393
stylec1400
calling?a1425
nomination?a1425
vocable1440
appellation1447
denomination?a1475
vocation1477
preface1582
prenomination1599
nomenclature1610
expressiona1631
denotation1631
appellative1632
compellation1637
denominate1638
nomenclation1638
nominance1642
titularity1643
entitlement1823
compellative1830
cognomen1852
tally1929
denotative1944
anthroponym1952
1610 Histrio-mastix i. 142 Scri. Your appellations? Post. Your names he meanes. The man's learn'd... Scri. Your nomenclature?
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §839 To say..that there wanteth a term or Nomenclature for it.
1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xi. 121 A moist Consumption receives its nomenclature from a moist..expectoration that attends it.
1834 R. M. Bird Calavar I. xxviii The peculiar appetites of the literary community, the result of intellectual dyspepsia, require and justify empiricism in nomenclature. A good name is sugar and sweetmeats to a bad book.
1858 A. Trollope Dr. Thorne II. i. 3 Here stood the Red Lion; had it been called the brown lion, the nomenclature would have been more strictly correct.
1891 Daily News 11 Nov. 3/3 A certain species of cactus... Its nomenclature is Stapelia gigantea.
1922 ‘R. Crompton’ More William (1924) xiii. 222 Gregorius, our work would be more valuable if we could do it together, if the common destiny that has united our nomenclatures could unite also our lives.
1996 Sainsbury's Mag. Jan. 110/2 The Italian nomenclature was a bit too much for a condescending Great Britain, so girasole became ‘Jerusalem’.
2. The (frequently systematic) assignation of names; (Biology) the allocation of Latin names to species and other taxa. Also: the manner in which names are assigned. Frequently in binomial nomenclature.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > [noun]
nemningOE
namingc1300
denominationc1400
imposition1430
nominationc1450
callingc1475
nominiona1513
christening1528
nuncupation1532
Christendom1570
dedication1576
appellation1583
denominative1589
nomenclaturea1620
cognomination1623
nomenclaturing1803
name-giving1863
nominature1864
the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > place name > collect
nomenclature1828
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xiii. §1. 347 The Heathen haue reckoned this nomenclature, and imposition of names, for one of Gods owne works.
1819 N. Amer. Rev. Mar. 406 These theories are also highly useful as artificial modes of arranging our geological knowledge, as systems of nomenclature and classification assisting the memory.
1828 Edinb. Rev. Dec. 438 The nomenclature of the frozen regions is a task which has exercised the ingenuity of all their explorers.
1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 678 (note) The binomial nomenclature..is employed more systematically by Linckius, than by any other pre-Linnæan author with whom I am acquainted.
1873 L. Beach Cornwall 85 With that felicity of nomenclature for which he was noted, he called the cottage he built ‘Glenmary’.
1901 Living Age 22 Dec. 781 It was in the High Street—that isn't its name, for Tangerines don't bother about street nomenclature—but being the only passage which at all resembles a street, it is so known.
1920 A. M. Davies Introd. Palaeontol. xii. 354 The subject of the nomenclature, or naming of fossils, is one productive of much irritation and of many sarcastic utterances among geologists.
1969 E. Mayr Princ. Syst. Zool. i. 4 Zoological nomenclature is the application of distinctive names to each of the groups recognized in the zoological classification.
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes i. 7/1 The genius of Linnaeus's system is what we refer to as binomial nomenclature, naming every organism with a two-part name based on genus..and species.
3.
a. A list or collection of names or particulars; a catalogue. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > register of names
nomenclature1635
society > communication > record > list > [noun] > list of names or people
bead-roll1529
scroll1546
checker-roll1571
bead-row1576
panel?1578
list1604
nomenclature1635
lexicon1647
head-roll1819
name-scroll1861
visitors' lista1865
roll-call1867
test-roll1879
line-up1890
1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells i. 26 He rank't in the Nomenclature of Fooles.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 30 I cannot now give you a nomenclature or list of the particulars.
1683 J. Dryden Life Plutarch 75 in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I The Catalogue, or Nomenclature of Plutarchs Lifes, drawn up by his Son.
1777 J. H. Moore New Paradise Dainty Devices 10 A strange kind of nomenclature, Containing an exact relation Of every stratagem and trick Devis'd by woman.
1812 Monthly Rev. 68 297 The nomenclature is certainly very copious, and for his materials the author must have consulted a multitude of books.
1835 J. B. Robertson tr. F. von Schlegel Philos. of Hist. I. i. 8 At first, indeed, it is merely a nomenclature of celebrated personages and events.
b. A list or collection of words or terms, esp. those connected with a particular subject; a glossary. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > lexicography > [noun] > vocabulary or collection of words
vocabulist?1523
vocabular1530
vocabuler1530
vocabulary1532
nomenclator1585
wordbook1598
verbal1599
lexicon1647
nomenclature1659
vocabula1698
abecedarium1796
vocab1836
vocabulary book1854
1659 C. Hoole tr. J. A. Comenius Orbis Sensualium Pictus (title page) Visible world. Or, a Picture and Nomenclature of all the chief Things that are in the world.
1660 J. Howell Lex. Tetraglotton To Tru Philol. The second Volume is a large Nomenclature of the peculiar and proper termes in all the fower languages belonging to severall Arts.
1710 J. Addison Tatler No. 257. ⁋7 There was at the end of the Grammar a little nomenclature, called ‘The Christian Man's Vocabulary’.
1745 Observ. conc. Navy 70 A Nomenclature, Italian and English.
1816 N. Amer. Rev. Nov. 16 At the end of the book is a pretty extensive nomenclature of the Indian language, which is now as useless as the Indian translation of the bible.
c. = nomenklatura n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > [noun] > member of > in former Soviet Union or communist countries
nomenklatura1958
nomenclature1959
boyar1968
1959 A. Avtorkhanov Stalin & Soviet Communist Party 55 The so-called ‘nomenclature officials’ of district committees, oblast committees, and the Central Party Committee.
1961 S. V. Utechin Everyman's Conc. Encycl. Russia 380 Nomenclature, lists of the more important posts in various fields and of people who are considered suitable to fill these posts.
1982 World Affairs 145 29 The dependence of enterprise directors on ministers for service must be eliminated and appointments on the basis of Party nomenclature must be given up.
2000 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 105 1487 The widespread and appealing thesis proposing that the old ‘nomenclature cadres’ were able to convert their political capital into economic power and stay on track.
4.
a. The set of names or terms commonly employed by a person or society; a vocabulary. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > nomenclature or terminology > [noun] > a particular set or system > commonly employed
nomenclature1664
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity 211 If therefore we will stand to the Nomenclature of the Ancients [etc.].
1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 243 There's an unimaginable difference even in the very Nomen-clature..of Earth and Heaven.
1792 R. Bage Man as he Is III. lxvii. 128 Monsieur Dangeneau..was so intent on giving the nomenclature of the house to a friend, that he did not perceive Sir George's entrance.
1811 Poet. in Ann. Reg. 609 No name so sad as your's is seen In sorrow's nomenclature.
1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. x. 278 He had played, to use his nomenclature, two trump cards running.
1876 C. Johnson Centennial Hist. Erie County, N.Y. 195 Five of them were directed to women, whose names I give as specimens of the feminine nomenclature of that day.
1914 W. H. Rivers Kinship & Social Organisation 89 Professor Kroeber does not specify which kinds of grandfather and father-in-law are classed together in Dakotan nomenclature.
1990 Times 24 Feb. 7/1 Kathmandu, spiritual home of flower power, has become square or, as today's nomenclature would have it, ‘naff’.
b. The system or set of technical terms used in a science or other discipline; a specific or specialist terminology.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > nomenclature or terminology > [noun] > a particular set or system
nomenclature1675
the mind > language > naming > nomenclature or terminology > [noun] > a particular set or system > of a science
nomenclature1675
1675 Philos. Trans. 1674 (Royal Soc.) 9 234 The Planets are enumerated..something also being said of..the Moon and her Spots, adding thereunto the Selenographick Schemes of Hevelius and Grimaldi, with their respective Nomenclatures.
1753 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 164 There is an account of an observation made on a particular and uncommon appearance of the lunar spot called Plato in the nomenclature of Riccioli's and Grimaldi's Selenography.
1789 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) III. 16 The new nomenclature has..been already proved to need numerous and important reformations.
1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. Pref. p. xii The pedantic nomenclature and frivolous distinctions recently introduced into mineralogy.
1829 N. Amer. Rev. July 254 To them a technical nomenclature is a help; and they forget that, without frequent explanation, it may be a dead letter to the uneducated helper.
1848 P. H. Myers First of Knickerbockers ii. 22 The organ of cunning, whatever may be its designation in the nomenclature of phrenology, was the nucleus of his brain.
1876 Galaxy Dec. 779/1 He was..an excellent botanist, acquainted with the flora of every land, learned in nomenclatures and classification.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 833 To whom we owe the nomenclature and most of our knowledge of the disease.
1912 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 12 34 The writer will be permitted to suggest that the nomenclature be made conformable to that which Levene and his co-workers have adopted for the nucleic acids.
1940 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 33 343 (title) The nomenclature and taxonomic status of the mosquitoes of the Anopheles maculipennis complex.
1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 195 (table) Summary of the petrography of Oligo-Miocene volcanics in the Rio Grande rift zone (37° N); rock type nomenclature is after Le Bas & Streckeisen (1991).
c. The set of names given to places or features of a particular district, region, etc.
ΚΠ
1849 J. F. Cooper Sea Lions i. 9 The English.., consulting only the homely taste which leads them to a practical rather than to a poetical nomenclature in all things, have since virtually dropped the name of Nassau.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. v. 44 I had no difficulty now in justifying the somewhat poetical nomenclature which Sir John Franklin applied to this locality.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiii. 111 The local nomenclature of modern Glamorgan, with its strongly marked British, English, and French elements.
1896 National Geographic Mag. 7 294 The plains belong to four great topographic categories, which in the rich Spanish nomenclature of the region may be termed mesas, bolsons, plazas, and cuestas.
1972 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 82 479 Most of these names were given by Schiaparelli..replacing the older nomenclature; names such as Hour-grass Sea..have vanished from the Martian map.
5. As a mass noun: names or terms collectively forming a system; terminology.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > nomenclature or terminology > [noun]
name-cleping1532
technology1658
terminology1770
nomenclature1785
orismology1815
glossology1832
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. Introd. 4 Such a chaos of nomenclature, that the Physicians and Herborists no longer understood each other.
1810 Monthly Mag. 30 345 That fund of nomenclature for visual ideas, which is afterwards extended to the abstract ideas.
a1857 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. vi. 205 Are not your differences mere disputes about nomenclature?
1883 19th Cent. May 857 Fraudulent nomenclature is one of those fine arts in which false science is an adept.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 890/1 For the sake of uniformity in nomenclature this nerve-cord may be called the neurochord.
1990 Ess. in Crit. 40 96 The Cambridge editors do not feel bound by accepted nomenclature.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nomenclaturev.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: nomenclature n.
Etymology: < nomenclature n. Compare French nomenclaturer (1794, rare). Compare earlier nomenclaturing n.
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To give a name to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to
nemneOE
clepec1000
hightOE
sayOE
nameOE
yclepec1175
callc1300
nevena1400
deemc1400
christena1470
nominate1545
term1545
titulea1550
behight1579
benamea1586
inquire1590
nuncupate1609
indigitate1623
font1652
vocitate1653
express1659
appellate1768
nomenclature1824
1824 Examiner 547/2 That part of the frame nomenclatured by little wits the understanding.
1826 Sporting Mag. 18 134 The complaint was, by the old jockeys, nomenclatured ‘dropping in the joints’.
1858 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 453/2 Were there not enough Hebrew names in the two books of Samuel to name each as appropriately as those already nomenclatured?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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n.1610v.1824
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