Nereidn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈnɪərɪɪd/,

/ˈnɛrɪɪd/, U.S.

/ˈnɪriɪd/

Inflections: Plural Nereides Brit.

/nɪˈriːɪdiːz/,

/ˈnɪərɪɪdiːz/,

/ˈnɛrɪɪdiːz/, U.S.

/ˈnɪriᵻˌdiz/,

/ˈnɛriᵻdiz/, Nereids.

Forms: Middle English– Nereides (plural), 1500s Neriedes (plural), 1600s– Nereid. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Nērēid-, Nērēis.

Etymology: < classical Latin Nērēid-, Nērēis (also Nēreid- , Nēreis ) a sea-nymph, any of the daughters of the sea-god Nereus < ancient Greek (non-Attic) Νηρηΐδ- , Νηρηΐς (also Νηρεΐδ- , Νηρεΐς ; Attic Νηρῇδ- , Νηρῇς ) < Νηρεύς (classical Latin Nēreus ), the name of an ancient sea-god + -ιδ- , -ις -id suffix². Compare Middle French nereyde sea-nymph (1488; French néréide).In sense A. 2 after scientific Latin Nereis, genus name (see Nereis n.) or German Nereide (1771 or earlier); compare also French néréide (1798 in this sense). With senses A. 2 and B. 2 compare French Néréidée (1818 or earlier) and scientific Latin Nereideae (see nereidean n.).

A. n.

a. Classical Mythology. A sea-nymph; any of the daughters of the sea-god Nereus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > nymph > water-nymph(s)

naiada1393

Nereida1393

water nympha1393

fairy of the sea1542

Neread1555

sea-nymph1565

naïs1581

naid1617

limnad1818

ephydriad1832

Oceanid1849

hydriad1864

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 1345 (MED) The Greks..such a name upon hem leiden, Nereides that thei ben hote.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 981 Apparelled like the nymphes Nereides (which are the mermaides of the waters).

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 567 The Sea-nymphs or Meere-maides also called Nereides.

1681 J. Oldham Some New Pieces never Publisht 80 Now does that lovely Nereid..The Sea, and all her fellow Nymphs forsake.

1710 W. King Heathen Gods & Heroes (1722) xxxix. 166 The Sea Nymphs were in great Numbers call'd Nereides.

1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) I. ii. 190 These birds [sc. kingfishers] were equally favorites with Thetis as with the Nereids.

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iii. ii. 102 Behold the Nereids under the green sea.

1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche i. xxvii. 11 The Nereids all, who live among the caves.

1929 C. Aiken Sel. Poems 111 This melody, you say, has certain voices—They rise like nereids from a river, singing.

1973 K. Lines Legends 27 The nereids, the dryads, the nymphs and fauns, and all the other nature-spirits belonging to the waters.

1989 G. E. Klyve & C. G. Oakley Legend of Perseus ii. 41 The Nereids came along with me, singing lullabies and the beautiful melodies of sea-nymphs.

b. In extended use.

ΚΠ

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 537 Nereids or Dryads, as the fashion leads, Now in the floods, now panting in the meads.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. i. 12 The Nereid in sea-green robes and silver ornaments..was Gwendolen Harleth.

1969 J. Fowles French Lieutenant's Woman xix. 148 A room, the Irishman alleged, made especially charming in summer by the view it afforded of the nereids who came to take the waters.

2. Zoology. Now usually nereid: any annelid worm of (or formerly assigned to) the genus Nereis or family Nereidae (or Nereididae), comprising predatory marine polychaetes that have sharp retractable jaws and four pairs of prostomial cirri, and are often pelagic for part of the life cycle. Cf. ragworm n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Chaetopoda > order Polychaeta > suborder Nereidiformia > member of family Nereidae

sea-forty-legs1750

Nereid1774

nereidean1835

palolo1847

sea-centipede1858

nereidian1860

ragworm1865

rag1881

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. II. Voy. Hebrides 345 Myriads of noctilucous Nereids that inhabit the ocean..and..give a fine light.

1826 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 116 342 The Nereides found in sand bury themselves by the rapid undulating motion which they employ in swimming.

1845 T. R. Jones Nat. Hist. Animals I. 334 The nereids, as might be expected from their activity and erratic habits, are carnivorous animals.

1876 P. J. Van Beneden Animal Parasites & Messmates 24 This annelid is a long worm, like all the nereids.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. ii. 17 Many of the marine kinds live an active life and have numerous unjointed bristle-bearing limbs (parapodia). These are very well seen in the Nereids that burrow in the sands.

1994 Ibis 136 233 The density of visually foraging Grey Plovers was correlated with the biomass, rather than abundance, of the larger of the two common nereids on the estuary.

3. Astronomy. (The name of) a satellite of Neptune, the second to be discovered (1949) and the third largest.

ΚΠ

1949 G. P. Kuiper in Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 61 176 It is suggested that the name Nereid be used for Neptune II. The Nereids were sea nymphs who, together with the Tritons, were the attendants of Neptune.

1951 Astron. Jrnl. 56 110/1 Since Kuiper's discovery of Nereid in 1949 this object has been photographed at the prime focus of the 82-inch reflector of the McDonald Observatory whenever there was an opportunity.

1970 F. L. Whipple Earth, Moon & Planets (ed. 3) xi. 193 Whereas Triton moves in a retrograde motion about Neptune.., Nereid moves in the direct fashion at a distance of some 3,500,000 miles.

1994 G. E. Hunt & P. Moore Atlas of Neptune 14 Nereid had been shown to have a strange, eccentric orbit more like that of a comet than a normal satellite.

B. adj. (attributive).

1. Classical Mythology. Of or relating to Nereids. rare.

ΚΠ

1767 F. Fawkes tr. Theocritus Idylliums vii. 76 Halcyons,..Most lov'd and honour'd by the Nereid train.

1847 Gentleman's Mag. 117 i. 173 This structure..may be styled the Nereid monument.

2. Zoology. Designating or belonging to the family Nereididae (or Nereidae) of polychaete worms; of, relating to, or characteristic of such worms.

ΚΠ

1852 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 142 627 The Nereid worms are all distinguished by the existence of a large amount of chylaqueous fluid in the visceral cavity.

1858 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 148 128 The homology between the Nereid type of the segmental organ and that of the other families of Annelids..must be admitted.

1885 A. Brassey In Trades 316 A large Nereid worm, about six or seven inches long.

1957 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 240 192 The nervous organization of the nereid body segment.

1968 J. A. Clegg & J. D. Smyth in M. Florkin & B. T. Scheer Chem. Zool. II. iii. v. 411 An apparently similar kind of inhibition of sexual development occurs in nereid annelids.

1997 Jrnl. Field Ornithol. 68 358 Gut contents of seven Lesser Yellowlegs..and seven Short-billed Dowitchers..were examined. The most common items in gut contents were mandibles of the nereid polychaete, Laeonereis culveri, followed by insects.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nereid
释义	Nereidn.adj. Brit. /ˈnɪərɪɪd/, /ˈnɛrɪɪd/, U.S. /ˈnɪriɪd/ Inflections: Plural Nereides Brit. /nɪˈriːɪdiːz/, /ˈnɪərɪɪdiːz/, /ˈnɛrɪɪdiːz/, U.S. /ˈnɪriᵻˌdiz/, /ˈnɛriᵻdiz/, Nereids. Forms: Middle English– Nereides (plural), 1500s Neriedes (plural), 1600s– Nereid. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Nērēid-, Nērēis. Etymology: < classical Latin Nērēid-, Nērēis (also Nēreid- , Nēreis ) a sea-nymph, any of the daughters of the sea-god Nereus < ancient Greek (non-Attic) Νηρηΐδ- , Νηρηΐς (also Νηρεΐδ- , Νηρεΐς ; Attic Νηρῇδ- , Νηρῇς ) < Νηρεύς (classical Latin Nēreus ), the name of an ancient sea-god + -ιδ- , -ις -id suffix². Compare Middle French nereyde sea-nymph (1488; French néréide).In sense A. 2 after scientific Latin Nereis, genus name (see Nereis n.) or German Nereide (1771 or earlier); compare also French néréide (1798 in this sense). With senses A. 2 and B. 2 compare French Néréidée (1818 or earlier) and scientific Latin Nereideae (see nereidean n.). A. n. 1. a. Classical Mythology. A sea-nymph; any of the daughters of the sea-god Nereus. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > nymph > water-nymph(s) naiada1393 Nereida1393 water nympha1393 fairy of the sea1542 Neread1555 sea-nymph1565 naïs1581 naid1617 limnad1818 ephydriad1832 Oceanid1849 hydriad1864 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 1345 (MED) The Greks..such a name upon hem leiden, Nereides that thei ben hote. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 981 Apparelled like the nymphes Nereides (which are the mermaides of the waters). 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 567 The Sea-nymphs or Meere-maides also called Nereides. 1681 J. Oldham Some New Pieces never Publisht 80 Now does that lovely Nereid..The Sea, and all her fellow Nymphs forsake. 1710 W. King Heathen Gods & Heroes (1722) xxxix. 166 The Sea Nymphs were in great Numbers call'd Nereides. 1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) I. ii. 190 These birds [sc. kingfishers] were equally favorites with Thetis as with the Nereids. 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iii. ii. 102 Behold the Nereids under the green sea. 1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche i. xxvii. 11 The Nereids all, who live among the caves. 1929 C. Aiken Sel. Poems 111 This melody, you say, has certain voices—They rise like nereids from a river, singing. 1973 K. Lines Legends 27 The nereids, the dryads, the nymphs and fauns, and all the other nature-spirits belonging to the waters. 1989 G. E. Klyve & C. G. Oakley Legend of Perseus ii. 41 The Nereids came along with me, singing lullabies and the beautiful melodies of sea-nymphs. b. In extended use. ΚΠ 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 537 Nereids or Dryads, as the fashion leads, Now in the floods, now panting in the meads. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. i. 12 The Nereid in sea-green robes and silver ornaments..was Gwendolen Harleth. 1969 J. Fowles French Lieutenant's Woman xix. 148 A room, the Irishman alleged, made especially charming in summer by the view it afforded of the nereids who came to take the waters. 2. Zoology. Now usually nereid: any annelid worm of (or formerly assigned to) the genus Nereis or family Nereidae (or Nereididae), comprising predatory marine polychaetes that have sharp retractable jaws and four pairs of prostomial cirri, and are often pelagic for part of the life cycle. Cf. ragworm n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Chaetopoda > order Polychaeta > suborder Nereidiformia > member of family Nereidae sea-forty-legs1750 Nereid1774 nereidean1835 palolo1847 sea-centipede1858 nereidian1860 ragworm1865 rag1881 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. II. Voy. Hebrides 345 Myriads of noctilucous Nereids that inhabit the ocean..and..give a fine light. 1826 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 116 342 The Nereides found in sand bury themselves by the rapid undulating motion which they employ in swimming. 1845 T. R. Jones Nat. Hist. Animals I. 334 The nereids, as might be expected from their activity and erratic habits, are carnivorous animals. 1876 P. J. Van Beneden Animal Parasites & Messmates 24 This annelid is a long worm, like all the nereids. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. ii. 17 Many of the marine kinds live an active life and have numerous unjointed bristle-bearing limbs (parapodia). These are very well seen in the Nereids that burrow in the sands. 1994 Ibis 136 233 The density of visually foraging Grey Plovers was correlated with the biomass, rather than abundance, of the larger of the two common nereids on the estuary. 3. Astronomy. (The name of) a satellite of Neptune, the second to be discovered (1949) and the third largest. ΚΠ 1949 G. P. Kuiper in Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific 61 176 It is suggested that the name Nereid be used for Neptune II. The Nereids were sea nymphs who, together with the Tritons, were the attendants of Neptune. 1951 Astron. Jrnl. 56 110/1 Since Kuiper's discovery of Nereid in 1949 this object has been photographed at the prime focus of the 82-inch reflector of the McDonald Observatory whenever there was an opportunity. 1970 F. L. Whipple Earth, Moon & Planets (ed. 3) xi. 193 Whereas Triton moves in a retrograde motion about Neptune.., Nereid moves in the direct fashion at a distance of some 3,500,000 miles. 1994 G. E. Hunt & P. Moore Atlas of Neptune 14 Nereid had been shown to have a strange, eccentric orbit more like that of a comet than a normal satellite. B. adj. (attributive). 1. Classical Mythology. Of or relating to Nereids. rare. ΚΠ 1767 F. Fawkes tr. Theocritus Idylliums vii. 76 Halcyons,..Most lov'd and honour'd by the Nereid train. 1847 Gentleman's Mag. 117 i. 173 This structure..may be styled the Nereid monument. 2. Zoology. Designating or belonging to the family Nereididae (or Nereidae) of polychaete worms; of, relating to, or characteristic of such worms. ΚΠ 1852 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 142 627 The Nereid worms are all distinguished by the existence of a large amount of chylaqueous fluid in the visceral cavity. 1858 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 148 128 The homology between the Nereid type of the segmental organ and that of the other families of Annelids..must be admitted. 1885 A. Brassey In Trades 316 A large Nereid worm, about six or seven inches long. 1957 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 240 192 The nervous organization of the nereid body segment. 1968 J. A. Clegg & J. D. Smyth in M. Florkin & B. T. Scheer Chem. Zool. II. iii. v. 411 An apparently similar kind of inhibition of sexual development occurs in nereid annelids. 1997 Jrnl. Field Ornithol. 68 358 Gut contents of seven Lesser Yellowlegs..and seven Short-billed Dowitchers..were examined. The most common items in gut contents were mandibles of the nereid polychaete, Laeonereis culveri, followed by insects. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.a1393
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