nephro-comb. form

1887 E. B. Wilson in Jrnl. Morphol. 1 184 The adjoining rows..furnish the basis of the nephridia, and the third pair of teloblasts..are, therefore, nephroblasts.

1957 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 43 188 Mouse nephroblasts built nephric tubules.

1995 C. Nielsen Animal Evol. xii. 99 (caption) Mesodermal bands in teloblasts... The nephroblasts are hatched.

1941 W. A. N. Dorland & E. C. Miller Med. Dict. (ed. 19) Nephroblastoma..Wilms' tumor.

1948 R. A. Willis Pathol. Tumours ix. 925 Many names have been applied to the embryonic renal tumours—‘adenosarcoma’,..‘Wilms's tumour’..and ‘nephroblastoma’.

2000 Pediatric & Developm. Pathol. 3 91 Everybody agrees that WT [= Wilms' tumor] and cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) are closely related.

1934 F. Albright et al. in Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 177 60 The initial disturbance, however, is not an inflammation, but presumably a deposition of calcium. Therefore, the term chronic nephro-calcinosis would seem preferable.

1951 A. C. Allen Kidney xi. 366/2 Parenchymal nephrocalcinosis rarely interferes with renal function to any significant degree.

1974 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xxiii. 51/1 In nephrocalcinosis calcium is deposited in the basement of renal tubules in cortex and medulla, in tubular lumina and in small foci in the interstitial tissue.

2000 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 319 10 Nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, hypomagnesemia, and hyperuricemia can potentially complicate treatment with some diuretic agents.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 454 Nephrocathartick [syrup] of Joubertus.

1849 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Nephrocele, hernia of the kidney.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Nephrocolica,..term for renal colic, or colic from inflammation of the kidneys: nephrocolic.

1956 S. Afr. Med. Jrnl. 30 919/1 A nephro-colic fistula is the most frequently occurring type of communication between a kidney and a hollow viscus.

1976 Jrnl. Canad. Assoc. Radiologists 27 118 Two cases are reported here, one of a nephroduodenal fistula and another of a combined nephroduodenal and nephrocolic fistulae.

2001 Jrnl. Endourol. 15 281 (title) Successful conservative management of nephrocolic fistula.

1895 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 165 He [sc. Korotneff] finds colossal cells, whose possible function is suggested in the title ‘nephrocytes’.

1932 L. A. Borradaile & F. A. Potts Invertebrata xiv. 390 Nitrogenous end products are found in the nephrocytes (cells found commonly associated with the fat body and the pericardium [of insects]).

1969 R. F. Chapman Insects xxv. 494 Nephrocytes, or pericardial cells, are cells occurring singly or in groups in various parts of the body. They may be very large, as in dipterous larvae, or small and numerous and usually they contain more than one nucleus.

1998 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 282 323 They [sc. uric acid crystals] form in vacuoles of nephrocytes which do not circulate with the blood but appear to be in fixed locations in the organism [sc. an ascidian].

1883 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 682/1 (note) The Porodinic group [of Cœlomate animals] is divisible into Nephrodinic and Idiodinic, in the former the nephridium serving as a pore.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Nephrogastric, relating to the kidney and the stomach.

1967 Jrnl. Urol. 97 33 (title) Cutaneous nephrogastric fistula: case report.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Nephrogenic, taking origin in the kidney.

1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xvii. 429 The tubules from the pronephros portion join and form the Wolffian duct, which runs the entire length of the nephrogenic tissue and terminates at the cloaca.

1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 113/1 Demeclocycline is known to cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in humans.

1998 Radiographics 18 947 Occasionally, fetal tissue persists into infancy as microscopic foci called nephrogenic rests.

1883 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 682 The genital ducts of the Idiodinic forms may be called Idiogonaducts, as distinguished from nephrogonaducts of nephrodinic forms.

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Nephrolithiasis.

1952 Pediatrics 10 660 (heading) Oxalosis. Possible ‘inborn error of metabolism’ with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis due to calcium oxalate as the predominating features.

1977 Lancet 29 Oct. 937/2 We describe here a patient with a variant of compulsive water drinking induced by medical advice for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) Nephrolithic,... This epithet has been applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed in the kidneys.

1996 Urol. Res. 24 201 In nephrolithic rats the normal localization of THP [= Tamm-Horsfall protein] is altered.

2001 Jrnl. Urol. 165 1687 Results indicate that kidneys respond to nephrolithic challenges by producing proteins that inhibit crystal formation and retention.

1849 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Nephrolithotomy.

1883 T. Holmes & J. W. Hulke Syst. Surg. (ed. 3) III. 179 Nephro-lithotomy: designating incisions expressly intended not only to expose a portion of the kidney, but to remove a stone therefrom.

2000 Techniques Urol. 6 193 The two renal-colonic fistulae resulted from percutaneous nephrolithotomies.

1900 E. S. Goodrich in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 43 742 The ordinary wide-mouthed segmental organs of the Polychæta, formed by the fusion of the nephridium with the genital funnel, may be called Nephromixia... Kindly suggested to me by Professor E. Ray Lankester.

1932 L. A. Borradaile & F. A. Potts Invertebrata ix. 229 Nephromixia may take on the functions of coelomoducts where these do not exist independently.

1974 Systematic Zool. 23 501/1 The two canals are more or less fused in all other polychaetes as nephromixia or mixonephridia.

1897 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 11 Dec. 1190/1 Nephropexy is a legitimate and established procedure in all cases in which it can be established that the kidney is not only displaced, but is at the same time the direct cause of the manifold symptoms which such a condition may and often will produce.

1966 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 22 Dec. 1405/2 A nephropexy was done, but not a nephrostomy.

2000 Jrnl. Endourol. 14 247 Nephropexy can be safely and effectively accomplished laparoscopically.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Nephroplegia..: nephroplegy.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Nephroptosis, displacement of the kidney downwards.

1936 Ann. Surg. 103 924 The diagnosis of nephroptosis and the surgical technic of nephropexy became purely routine procedures.

1977 Lancet 29 Jan. 213/1 The pathophysiological effect of extreme nephroptosis on blood-pressure has been suspected since the abnormality was first investigated.

2000 Jrnl. Endourol. 14 247 Recently, laparoscopy has been reported as a minimally invasive approach for performing nephropexy in patients with symptomatic nephroptosis.

1876 J. Van Duyn & E. C. Seguin tr. E. L. Wagner Man. Gen. Pathol. 107 Cases of hæmorrhagic Nephro-pyelitis in various acute diseases.

1980 Schweizer Arch. f. Neurol., Neurochirurgie u. Psychiatrie 127 199 2 [patients] developed either acute nephropyelitis or periodontitis.

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 576/2 Nephropyosis, nephrapostasis, nephrelcosis.

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 576/2 Nephrorrhagia, hemorrhage from a kidney.

1885 W. Roberts Pract. Treat. Urinary & Renal Dis. (ed. 4) iii. xiv. 681 A much less dangerous operation, nephroraphy, in which the kidney is stitched to the posterior abdominal walls.

1893 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 105 430 I have performed 10 further nephrorrhaphies for movable kidney.

1900 G. M. Gould & W. L. Pyle Anomalies & Curiosities Med. XIII. 668 Nephrorrhaphy is an operation in which a movable or floating kidney is fixed by suture through its capsule.

1991 Morton's Med. Bibliogr. (ed. 5) 651 Hahn devised the operation of nephropexy (nephrorrhaphy) for the relief of movable kidney.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 199/2 Nephrosclerosis, induration of the kidney.

1926 H. Elwyn Nephritis xvi. 280 Arteriosclerosis of the kidney with its end stage of primary contracted kidney was classified under the term nephrosclerosis.

1951 A. C. Allen Kidney xiii. 397/1 The color of the kidneys with malignant nephrosclerosis is brownish or greyish red.

1971 M. B. Strauss & L. G. Welt Dis. Kidney (ed. 2) II. 735/1 In its literal sense the term nephrosclerosis (hardening of the kidney) might be used with varying exactness to describe the kidneys in several disease states of diverse origin.

2000 Amer. Jrnl. Kidney Dis. 35 433 Eight biopsy specimens (3.2%) showed only benign nephrosclerosis without an apparent cause of acute renal insufficiency.

1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 605 The rudimentary ducts are always provided with functionally active nephrostomata.

1900 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 193 314 (note) The pronephros has two nephrostomata.

1900 Amer. Year-bk. Med. & Surg. 2 184 MM. Guyon and T. Albarran discussed the subject of nephrotomy at the French Surgical Congress of 1898. They restrict the term nephrotomy to the making of an incision into the kidney; but when the pelvis of the kidney is opened through the kidney-substance, and the wound is kept open and a fistula is formed, they call the operation nephrostomy.

1932 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 8 Oct. 1229/2 Nephrostomy on only one side makes the care of the urinary drainage apparatus much easier.

1966 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 22 Dec. 1405/2 A nephropexy was done, but not a nephrostomy.

1989 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 May 1417/1 Neonates who were referred with a known obstructed kidney had nephrostomy or pyeloplasty.

1896 Philos. Trans. 1895 (Royal Soc.) B. 186 166 Concerning the segmentally arranged mesodermal products (omitting nephrotomes and gonotomes) the following subdivision is adhered to.

1949 A. S. Romer Vertebr. Body xii. 378 In our embryological story we noted that in every trunk segment the mesoderm includes, on either side, a nephric region, often segmentally distinct as a nephrotome, a small discrete block of tissue interposed between somite and lateral plate.

1995 C. Nielsen Animal Evol. liv. 433 The primitive vertebrate nephridia develop from the narrow stalk (nephrotome) between the somites and the ventral sacs.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 812 Symptoms of acute nephritis (nephrotyphoid).

1898 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 116 663 The following case..is an example of the renal form of enteric fever–nephro~typhoid.

1889 C. A. MacMunn Outl. Clin. Chem. Urine 163 This precipitate caused in urine by alcohol..was called ‘nephrozymose’ by Béchamp..who stated that it possessed diastatic reactions.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Nephrozymase, a compound ferment isolated by Béchamp from human urine.