† nicoln.¹

Origin: Apparently either (i) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Or (ii) a borrowing from German. Etymons: English copper nicol , copper-nickel n. at copper n.¹ Compounds 5; German Kupffer Nicol, Kupfernickel.

Etymology: Apparently either short for copper nicol, variant of copper-nickel n. at copper n.¹ Compounds 5, or < nicol (in German Kupffer Nicol (1683 or earlier), variant of Kupfernickel kupfernickel n.).

Mineralogy. Obsolete. rare.

= annabergite n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > arsenates > [noun] > cobalt-nickel arsenate

nicol1753

nickel ochre1796

nickel green1837

nickel bloom1861

forbesite1868

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Nicol,..a word used by the miners in Germany to express a greenish crust, covering several of the species of marcasites and cobalt.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

Nicoln.²

Brit.

/ˈnɪkl/, U.S.

/ˈnɪk(ə)l/

Forms: 1800s– Nicol, 1900s– nicol.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Nicol.

Etymology: < the name of William Nicol of Edinburgh (c1768–1851), Scottish geologist and physicist, who invented this type of prism in 1828.

Optics.

In full Nicol prism (also Nicol's prism). A device for producing plane-polarized light, consisting of two pieces of optically clear calcite or Iceland spar cemented together with Canada balsam in the shape of a prism, so that only the extraordinary ray of doubly refracted light is transmitted, the ordinary ray being reflected out at the side of the prism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments to refract, etc., light > [noun] > prism

prism1612

Nicol prism1838

Foucault prism1882

biprism1884

Fresnel biprism1890

Porro prism1909

pentaprism1937

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > refraction > [noun] > prism

prism1612

Nicol1838

1837 E. Sang in Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1891) 18 323 (title) Investigation of the action of Nicol's polarising eye-piece.]

1838 Encycl. Brit. XV. 477 If the Iceland spar is converted into two of Nicol's prisms, then each prism performs exactly the same part as the tourmaline and the reflectors, exhibiting only one of the complementary colours.

1843 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 22 243 I find it a most material improvement to substitute a Nicol prism for the plate of glass.

1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics vii. viii. 485 The Nicol's prism is one of the most valuable means of polarising light.

1870 Nature 20 Oct. 489/1 A concave plate of selenite, placed between the Nicol and the water, showed a system of vividly coloured rings.

1906 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 89 ii. 1150 The nicols were rotated.

1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions iii. v. 874 If we can fix a microscope up with polarized light and put a particle of the pigment under it, we can see whether it's isotropic or anisotropic, for that we use nicol prisms.

1993 Dict. National Biogr.: Missing Persons at Nicol, William The true theory of the Nicol prism was not clearly understood even by its inventor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nicol
释义	† nicoln.¹ Origin: Apparently either (i) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Or (ii) a borrowing from German. Etymons: English copper nicol , copper-nickel n. at copper n.¹ Compounds 5; German Kupffer Nicol, Kupfernickel. Etymology: Apparently either short for copper nicol, variant of copper-nickel n. at copper n.¹ Compounds 5, or < nicol (in German Kupffer Nicol (1683 or earlier), variant of Kupfernickel kupfernickel n.). Mineralogy. Obsolete. rare. = annabergite n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > arsenates > [noun] > cobalt-nickel arsenate nicol1753 nickel ochre1796 nickel green1837 nickel bloom1861 forbesite1868 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Nicol,..a word used by the miners in Germany to express a greenish crust, covering several of the species of marcasites and cobalt. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2021). Nicoln.² Brit. /ˈnɪkl/, U.S. /ˈnɪk(ə)l/ Forms: 1800s– Nicol, 1900s– nicol. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Nicol. Etymology: < the name of William Nicol of Edinburgh (c1768–1851), Scottish geologist and physicist, who invented this type of prism in 1828. Optics. In full Nicol prism (also Nicol's prism). A device for producing plane-polarized light, consisting of two pieces of optically clear calcite or Iceland spar cemented together with Canada balsam in the shape of a prism, so that only the extraordinary ray of doubly refracted light is transmitted, the ordinary ray being reflected out at the side of the prism. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments to refract, etc., light > [noun] > prism prism1612 Nicol prism1838 Foucault prism1882 biprism1884 Fresnel biprism1890 Porro prism1909 pentaprism1937 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > refraction > [noun] > prism prism1612 Nicol1838 1837 E. Sang in Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1891) 18 323 (title) Investigation of the action of Nicol's polarising eye-piece.] 1838 Encycl. Brit. XV. 477 If the Iceland spar is converted into two of Nicol's prisms, then each prism performs exactly the same part as the tourmaline and the reflectors, exhibiting only one of the complementary colours. 1843 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 22 243 I find it a most material improvement to substitute a Nicol prism for the plate of glass. 1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics vii. viii. 485 The Nicol's prism is one of the most valuable means of polarising light. 1870 Nature 20 Oct. 489/1 A concave plate of selenite, placed between the Nicol and the water, showed a system of vividly coloured rings. 1906 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 89 ii. 1150 The nicols were rotated. 1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions iii. v. 874 If we can fix a microscope up with polarized light and put a particle of the pigment under it, we can see whether it's isotropic or anisotropic, for that we use nicol prisms. 1993 Dict. National Biogr.: Missing Persons at Nicol, William The true theory of the Nicol prism was not clearly understood even by its inventor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1753n.²1838
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† nicoln.1

Nicoln.2

† nicoln.¹

Nicoln.²