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单词 abjure
释义

abjurev.

Brit. /əbˈdʒʊə/, /əbˈdʒɔː/, U.S. /æbˈdʒʊ(ə)r/, /əbˈdʒʊ(ə)r/
Forms: late Middle English abyure, late Middle English–1600s abiure, late Middle English– abjure, 1500s abieure, 1500s abjowre; Scottish pre-1700 abiure, pre-1700 obiure, pre-1700 1700s– abjure.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French abjurer; Latin abiūrāre.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French abjurer (French abjurer ) to reject the authority of or renounce allegiance to (a person) on oath (c1327), to swear an oath to leave (a place) for ever (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier used transitively, 15th cent. or earlier used intransitively, both in Anglo-Norman; apparently not paralleled in continental French until much later, 1690, and chiefly with reference to English law) and its etymon classical Latin abiūrāre to deny on oath, to repudiate, in post-classical Latin also to renounce (obedience) (from 11th cent. in British sources), to renounce (a right or claim) (from 12th cent. in British sources), to swear to stay away from (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), to recant (a belief) (from 14th cent. in British sources) < ab- ab- prefix + iūrāre to swear (see jurant adj.); the sense ‘to forswear, retract, or recant (a heresy)’ is apparently not attested in French until later (16th cent., frequently in the context of persecutions of French Protestants). Compare Spanish abjurar (a1428). Compare abjuration n.With to abjure the realm at sense 3a compare post-classical Latin abiurare terram , abiurare regnum (frequently from late 12th and early 13th cent. respectively in British sources). With the form objure perhaps compare ob- prefix.
1.
a. transitive. To renounce on oath, forswear; to withdraw, retract, recant (a heresy or other opinion or position formerly held). Now historical.
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1430 in T. S. Holmes Reg. John Stafford (1915) I. 80 Y forswer and abjure the same [heresies] and al other, affermyng and swering be this Book.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 181 Þei schuld areste þe same Wiclef, and make him to abjure þese seid opiniones.
1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. (1557) 108/2 He was forced to forswere and abiure certaine heresyes.
c1570 J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1830) 266 To abjure thair arrouris.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 51 But this rough Magicke I heere abiure . View more context for this quotation
c1645 W. Atkins Relation of Journey (1994) 284 Wadsworth done proveing treacherous to God's Church, abjureing his faithe.
1738 D. Neal Hist. Puritans IV. 233 He [sc. Charles II] abjured the Protestant religion soon after the exilement of the Royal family.
1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 19 The principle which Lord Hillsborough had abjured.
1830 R. Southey in Fraser's Mag. June 562 My pagan faith I put away, Abjure it and abhor it.
1871 R. W. Dale Ten Commandm. vi. 155 I must die rather than abjure a single article of my creed.
1916 Folk-lore 27 227 The terrified pagan returned, fell at Patrick's feet, abjured the false gods, and eventually became a bishop and a saint.
1949 Rev. Eng. Stud. 25 2 A devout Protestant who was forced by threats of punishment and loss of property to abjure his beliefs and return to Catholicism.
1994 30 Days in Church & in World No. 10. 37/1 His refusal to abjure the Catholic faith..protracted his calvary in detention centers.
b. transitive. To cause or require (a person) to recant a heresy, etc.; to sentence to recantation. Now rare and historical.
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c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 233 (MED) There was an herry[ty]ke i-brende at the Towre Hylle, for he dyspysyd the sacrament of the auter..And he and hys wiffe were abjuryd longe tyme be-fore.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxliiii. f. clxvv Almaricus a studyent of Parys helde sertayne opynyons of heresy, of ye which whan he was Abiured, he tooke suche thought yt he dyed shortly after.
1520 Chron. Eng. vii. f. 159v/2 Reynold Pecoke bysshop of Chestre was founde an herytyke, & the thyrde daye of Decembre was abiured at Lambeth.
c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 388 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 88 And then all such must be burned, Or ellis ab-Iuryd.
c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 19 Mr. Normond Govrlay wes first abiurit, syne callit, and thairefter degradit for heresie.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Berks. 90 They were betrayed, and then many of them to the number of six or seven score were abjured, and three or four of them burnt.
1777 Ann. Reg. (ed. 2) 155/1 This is the proselyte whom the Bishop of Nice abjured, confessed, and administered the sacrament to, at the age of nine years three months.
1887 H. C. Lea Hist. Inquisition Middle Ages II. vii. 423 Herman of Ryswick..was condemned and abjured in 1499, escaped from prison, and was burned as a relapsed by the inquisitor at The Hague, in 1512.
1902 J. Gairdner Eng. Church 16th Cent. (1903) iv. 53 He had been abjured before Archbishop Warham in 1505.
c. intransitive. To renounce a heresy on oath. Now historical.
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1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. (1557) 282/1 Nor neuer yet found I ani. j. but he would once abiure, though he neuer intended to kepe his othe.
?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature iv. sig. Fij Wylt thu here abiure or no? I wyll neyther abiure, nor yet recant Gods glorye.
c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 19 Ane Dauid Strathque wald not obiure bot was constant, who was brynt.
1688 tr. F. d'Aix de La Chaise Let. in 3rd Coll. Papers Present Juncture Affairs Eng. 25 My Lord Kingston has imbrac'd our own good Party: I was present when he Abjur'd in the Church of St. Denis.
1717 D. Manley Lucius v. i. 45 Our Laws are such, if Christians are convicted, They must abjure, or die!
1748 J. Grove Hist. Life & Times Cardinal Wolsey (ed. 2) IV. xx. 317 There were some few Persons indeed that were brought to abjure.
1846 Littell's Living Age 4 July 22/1 After painful suspense, he was persuaded to abjure, and Wolsey had triumphant revenge.
1884 A. R. Pennington Wiclif ix. 296 We find that some of them abjured, but that others went joyfully to the dungeon and the stake.
1930 F. S. Flint & D. F. Tait tr. R. Feülöp-Miller Power & Secret of Jesuits v. 258 Three hundred thousand Chinese converts were arrested and forced to abjure.
1983 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Name of Rose (1984) 238 One said..he should do as a certain monk, his superior, had done, abjuring; but Michael answered that he would not abjure.
2003 Renaissance Q. 56 1119 Brown was made to abjure and in so doing returned to the fold of the Catholic Church.
2. transitive. To reject or repudiate on oath (a claim or claimant); to renounce or disavow (a thing). Also occasionally intransitive.
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a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 108 (MED) Walter and his wyf and his children abyured all ther right of the forsaid mese..afore the Courte of wycombe.
1501 Will of John Bawde in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 83 Alle tho wyllys abieured and revokyd byfor thys day mad.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 183 To abjure all Authority over the Netherlands.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 480 To find her, or for ever to deplore Her loss, and other pleasures all abjure . View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 474 Say and unsay, feign, flatter, or abjure . View more context for this quotation
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 236 They abjured the national prejudices which had rendered them..the enemies of other men.
1799 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 301 I sincerely join you in abjuring all political connection with every foreign power.
1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Edinb. Rev. Aug. 326 While they abjured the innocent badges of Popery.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. viii. 128 The oath prescribed for abjuring the Pretender and his descendants.
1877 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (ed. 3) i. 3 [The Christianity of the Gospel] abjures force, it throws itself upon moral influence for its propagation and maintenance.
1925 Amer. Mercury Jan. 49/1 The new respectability abjured the Fiesta de la Primavera as a bawdy enterprise.
1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Mar. 181/3 The need to ‘decondition’ man is..acknowledged in the Christian rite of baptism in which ‘the world, the flesh and the devil’ are abjured.
1992 M. Bishop Count Geiger's Blues xliii. 219 This is a release form... It holds you blameless, and abjures my right to file a lawsuit.
3. Chiefly Law (now historical).
a. transitive. To swear to leave (a place) for ever. Esp. in to abjure the realm. Cf. abjuration n. 1.
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the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise, vow, or pledge [verb (intransitive)] > make promise or vow of particular type
to abjure the realm?a1475
to make fidelitya1513
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 429 (MED) The kynge toke alle those castells..and compellede the seide erle to abiure Ynglonde.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 401 If he take Sanctuarie, and doe abiure the Realme.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 155 Gif any man hes abjured the towne (sworne to passe forth of the burgh) and is returned againe.
1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 274 He who kills Deere, and cannot finde security to put in for the payment of the Fine imposed, is compelled to abjure the Common-wealth.
1677 T. Hobbes Dial. Com. Laws 183 When a Clerk heretofore was convicted of Felony, he might have saved his life by abjuring the Realm; that is, by departing the Realm within a certain time appointed, and taking an Oath never to return.
1703 J. Astry Charge to Grand Juries 51 Any two Justices of the Peace, or the Coroner may require such an Offender to abjure the Realm.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 399 Even while abjurations were in force, such a criminal was not allowed to take sanctuary and abjure the realm.
1829 A. Holmes Ann. Amer. I. 322 By this act it was provided, that every five of them [sc. Quakers], meeting for religious worship, should be fined for the first offence £5; for the second offence, £10; and for the third offence, abjure the realm.
1885 Amer. Law Reg. 33 357 At common law when a husband was civilly dead, had abjured the realm, etc., his wife had the status of an unmarried woman.
1962 M. Powicke 13th Cent. x. 462 A clerk who fled from justice and was outlawed, or who voluntarily abjured the realm, had no benefit of clergy.
2001 Econ. Hist. Rev. 54 9 John the wittawer..had no chattels, and neither did William the soaper of Oxford, who abjured the realm after having turned vagrant and stolen hens.
b. intransitive in same sense. Now rare.
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1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 415 I abjowre, I forsake myne errours, as an heretyke dothe, or forswere the kynges landes; Je abjure.
1583 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (ed. 4) II. 970/2 The inhabitants of the sayd Ualleis shall make a rolle of all the names & surnames of al them of the said valleys, which are fled for religion, as wel such as haue abiured.
1641 W. Sheppard Offices, Duties of Constables, Borsholders, Tything Men 113 All persons..shall be conveyed..in like manner and form as persons that had abjured this Realme, should have been conveyed to the next Port of the Sea, from the place where they abjured.
1656 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa V. iii. ii. 84 What I binde myself from now, I will abjure for ever, for your sake.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 14 Whoever was not capable of this Sanctuary, could not have the Benefit of Abjuration: and therefore, he that committed Sacrilege could not abjure.
1977 J. B. Given Society & Homicide 13th-cent. Eng. x. 208 Walter Albe, who abjured in Somerset for the death of Robert le Corbiller but who later returned to his home.
c. transitive. To cause to leave one's country for ever, to banish. Obsolete. rare.
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1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars i. xv. 6 T' abiure those false Lords from the troubled land.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 90 He was onely abjured the Realm for ever.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xxvi. 269 His life was pardoned; notwithstanding he was abjured the realm.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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