niffern.

Brit.

/ˈnɪfə/, U.S.

/ˈnɪfər/, Scottish English

/ˈnɪfər/

Forms: pre-1700 nefare, pre-1700 nefere, pre-1700 neffir, pre-1700 neiffer, pre-1700 neiffir, pre-1700 newfar, pre-1700 newfayr, pre-1700 niffar, pre-1700 1700s– niffer.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: nieve n., fare n.¹

Etymology: Probably < nieve n. + fare n.¹, with loss or assimilation of the final consonant of nieve n., and with the sense ‘a going between fists, a passage from hand to hand’. Compare chaffer n.¹

Scottish. Now rare.

Exchange of goods or services; barter; (also) an instance of this. to put in a niffer: to hazard.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > barter > [noun]

formanginga1300

nifferc1400

barteringc1440

roring1440

commutation1496

scorsing1509

chopping and changing1548

exchange1553

truck1553

block1568

bartery1570

chopping1581

scorse1590

barter1592

trucking1594

swap1625

truckage1641

truck trade1740

handling1850

c1400 Burgh Laws (Bute) c. 3 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nefare, -ere, New Fayr Ilk burges may ponde furthdwellaris..in his hows and vtouth bot gyfe newfayris or fayris be haldyn in the burgh [L. nisi commercia vel nundine teneantur in burgo].

1529–30 in H. M. Paton Accts. Masters of Wks. (1957) I. 20 For ane gray hors to the cart and for the newfar betuix ane les blak that ves in the cart ande ane other mair resavit..to the saidis cartis.

1533 Wigtown Burgh Court Rec. f. 287^v Schallans for the wrangus castyne in nefare to hym of ane vnsuficient hors, the quhylk was nocht his avyne in the tyme that the said Jame kest hym in nefare.

1563 Linlithgow Sheriff Court 18 May in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nefare Allegand he got hir fra him in ane neiffir.

1610 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. (1948) II. 80 In ane ȝow lamb to James McGhie..quhilk he promissit him in neffir of a voddir.

1632 Stewartry Court Bk. Monteith 12 Apr. Allowit to the said Jon Bwie four merkis money in the neiffer of ane swerd betuix him and the said Jon Allane.

1670 Corshill Baron-Court Bk. in Archæol. & Hist. Coll. Ayr & Wigton (1884) IV. 104 For the sowme of four pond Scotis money and that as the niffer of ane horse in tooboot.

1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 144 Ye see your state wi' their's compar'd, And shudder at the niffer.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 208 He put his life in a niffer, to break the prison to let me out.

1856 J. Ballantine Poems 134 At ilka bit niffer or coupin', The moment ye ca' the gill-stoup in, You're sure to see Tam an' his drum.

1888 A. Wardrop Poems & Sketches 158 What could they gie as a niffer—This world has naething sae fine.

1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood ix. 157 As keen at a niffer as a Musselburgh wabster.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nifferv.

Brit.

/ˈnɪfə/, U.S.

/ˈnɪfər/, Scottish English

/ˈnɪfər/, Irish English

/ˈnɪfər/

Forms: Scottish pre-1700 nefare, pre-1700 neifar, pre-1700 neiffir, pre-1700 newfar, pre-1700 niffeir, pre-1700 nwfer, pre-1700 nyffer, pre-1700 1700s neiffer, pre-1700 1700s– niffer, 1800s– neefer Brit.

/ˈniːfə/, U.S.

/ˈnifər/, Scottish English

/ˈnifər/, 1800s– neeffer, 1800s– neefor, 1800s– neifer, 1800s– neiffar, 1800s– neiver; English regional (northern) and Irish English (northern) 1900s– niffer.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: niffer n.

Etymology: < niffer n.

Scottish, Irish English (northern), and English regional (northern).

a. transitive. To trade or exchange (a thing) for (also †with) another thing. Also: to make the subject of an exchange (with a fellow trader).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > exchange, change for [verb (transitive)]

changec1225

truck?c1225

interchangec1374

permutec1400

wrixlec1400

turnc1449

wissel1487

chaffer1530

niffer1540

bandy1589

to chaffer words1590

swap1590

barter1596

counterchange1598

commute1633

trade1636

countercambiate1656

ring1786

rebarter1845

trade1864

swop1890

permutate1898

interconvert1953

1540 Linlithgow Burgh Court 27 Oct. Anent ane hors that the said Villiam newfarit with the said Watt.

1564 Linlithgow Sheriff Court 20 Jan. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nefare Ane brovne meir..quhilk thai neiffirrit with Brwme & gat ane liart naig & iiij li. x s. of bute.

a1568 Burgh Court Rec. in A. Maxwell Old Dundee (1891) 201 James Page upheld his mare faultless which he neifarit with John's horse.

1637 S. Rutherford Let. 7 Sept. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 165 A market where we might barter or niffer our lazie ease with a profitable cross.

1641 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1870) V. 447/2 He nifferit that staig with John Buchannan.

1699 in J. Anderson Black Bk. Kincardineshire (1843) 113 The panel said that one of them [sc. three cows] was his own, another he had niffered with his brother for a steer.

a1801 R. Gall Poems & Songs (1819) 123 But, haith! there's nae scenes I wad niffer wi' thae; For it fills my fond heart fu' o' glee.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. viii. 215 I carried it for mony a year, till I niffered it for this tin ane.

1861 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life ii. 168 ‘Oh,’ he said with great simplicity, ‘my master niffered me for a pony.’

1932 W. D. Cocker Poems 39 He has niffer'd his sark wi' the bogle, His breeks, coat an' bunnet forby.

1961 People's Jrnl. 28 Jan. She niffert some o' her fish for hame-made cheese an' butter fae the farmers' wives.

1983 Eng. World-wide 4 88 No lang efterhim the yung son niffert the haill o his portion for siller.

†b. intransitive. To make an exchange, to barter. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)]

bargain1525

hucka1529

hucker1548

dodge1568

blockc1570

pelt1579

hack1587

haggle1589

to beat the bargain1591

to beat the market1591

huckster1593

niffera1598

badger1600

scotch1601

palter1611

cheapen1620

higgle1633

tig-tag1643

huckle1644

chaffer1693

chaffer1725

dicker1797

niffer1815

Jew1825

hacker1833

banter1835

higgle-haggle1841

hondle1921

wheel and deal1961

a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. C3^v Of weillie persons... He neiffers [ MS ?c1625 niffers] for the better.

1754 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. (at cited word) He intended that Day to have niffered with the Defender.

1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch xxi. 318 There being but small difference in the value of the cloths..I caused them to niffer.

1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 85 He's fond o' barter that niffers wi' auld Nick.

†c. intransitive. To admit of being exchanged. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1612 in A. I. Ritchie Churches St. Baldred (1880) 108 Efter that ye said cow wald not niffer.

2. transitive. To make a mutual exchange of.

ΚΠ

1721 A. Ramsay Poems I. 114 Stand yont proud Czar, I wadna niffer Fame With thee, for a' thy Furrs and paughty Name.

1728 A. Ramsay Wks. (1944–73) II. 204 Meeting kind to niffer Kisses, Bargaining for better Blesses.

a1800 Young Hyn Horn x, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 203/2 You must niffer clothes with me.

1863 J. Nicholson Kilwuddie 74 Cuffs an' kicks they freely niffer't.

1980 Eng. World-wide 1 i. 124 Some o them..had nae time at aa for onie language binna what they could niffer wi their cronies in the pub.

3. intransitive. To bargain, haggle; (occasionally) gen. to conduct business.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)]

bargain1525

hucka1529

hucker1548

dodge1568

blockc1570

pelt1579

hack1587

haggle1589

to beat the bargain1591

to beat the market1591

huckster1593

niffera1598

badger1600

scotch1601

palter1611

cheapen1620

higgle1633

tig-tag1643

huckle1644

chaffer1693

chaffer1725

dicker1797

niffer1815

Jew1825

hacker1833

banter1835

higgle-haggle1841

hondle1921

wheel and deal1961

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. iv. 37 Weel, so we sat niffering about some brandy that I said I wanted, till he came in.

1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 354 Niffer, to haggle, to bargain in a tenacious or hard spirit.

1891 H. Johnstone Kilmallie I. 155 Meiklemyre has been drinking and niffering on the Sabbath.

1920 A. Dodds Songs 3 He'd haggle and niffer when buyin' his cattle.

1950 in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. 425/3 He's aye nifferin in aboot the smiddy; A dunno what he's efter.

1994 W. N. Herbert Forked Tongue 113 Eh stoappd, an' niffert wi thi nicht, paleit thi caundils o thi leerie-lichts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	niffer
释义	niffern. Brit. /ˈnɪfə/, U.S. /ˈnɪfər/, Scottish English /ˈnɪfər/ Forms: pre-1700 nefare, pre-1700 nefere, pre-1700 neffir, pre-1700 neiffer, pre-1700 neiffir, pre-1700 newfar, pre-1700 newfayr, pre-1700 niffar, pre-1700 1700s– niffer. Origin: Probably formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: nieve n., fare n.¹ Etymology: Probably < nieve n. + fare n.¹, with loss or assimilation of the final consonant of nieve n., and with the sense ‘a going between fists, a passage from hand to hand’. Compare chaffer n.¹ Scottish. Now rare. Exchange of goods or services; barter; (also) an instance of this. to put in a niffer: to hazard. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > barter > [noun] formanginga1300 nifferc1400 barteringc1440 roring1440 commutation1496 scorsing1509 chopping and changing1548 exchange1553 truck1553 block1568 bartery1570 chopping1581 scorse1590 barter1592 trucking1594 swap1625 truckage1641 truck trade1740 handling1850 c1400 Burgh Laws (Bute) c. 3 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nefare, -ere, New Fayr Ilk burges may ponde furthdwellaris..in his hows and vtouth bot gyfe newfayris or fayris be haldyn in the burgh [L. nisi commercia vel nundine teneantur in burgo]. 1529–30 in H. M. Paton Accts. Masters of Wks. (1957) I. 20 For ane gray hors to the cart and for the newfar betuix ane les blak that ves in the cart ande ane other mair resavit..to the saidis cartis. 1533 Wigtown Burgh Court Rec. f. 287^v Schallans for the wrangus castyne in nefare to hym of ane vnsuficient hors, the quhylk was nocht his avyne in the tyme that the said Jame kest hym in nefare. 1563 Linlithgow Sheriff Court 18 May in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nefare Allegand he got hir fra him in ane neiffir. 1610 Kirkcudbright Town Council Rec. (1948) II. 80 In ane ȝow lamb to James McGhie..quhilk he promissit him in neffir of a voddir. 1632 Stewartry Court Bk. Monteith 12 Apr. Allowit to the said Jon Bwie four merkis money in the neiffer of ane swerd betuix him and the said Jon Allane. 1670 Corshill Baron-Court Bk. in Archæol. & Hist. Coll. Ayr & Wigton (1884) IV. 104 For the sowme of four pond Scotis money and that as the niffer of ane horse in tooboot. 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 144 Ye see your state wi' their's compar'd, And shudder at the niffer. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 208 He put his life in a niffer, to break the prison to let me out. 1856 J. Ballantine Poems 134 At ilka bit niffer or coupin', The moment ye ca' the gill-stoup in, You're sure to see Tam an' his drum. 1888 A. Wardrop Poems & Sketches 158 What could they gie as a niffer—This world has naething sae fine. 1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood ix. 157 As keen at a niffer as a Musselburgh wabster. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). nifferv. Brit. /ˈnɪfə/, U.S. /ˈnɪfər/, Scottish English /ˈnɪfər/, Irish English /ˈnɪfər/ Forms: Scottish pre-1700 nefare, pre-1700 neifar, pre-1700 neiffir, pre-1700 newfar, pre-1700 niffeir, pre-1700 nwfer, pre-1700 nyffer, pre-1700 1700s neiffer, pre-1700 1700s– niffer, 1800s– neefer Brit. /ˈniːfə/, U.S. /ˈnifər/, Scottish English /ˈnifər/, 1800s– neeffer, 1800s– neefor, 1800s– neifer, 1800s– neiffar, 1800s– neiver; English regional (northern) and Irish English (northern) 1900s– niffer. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: niffer n. Etymology: < niffer n. Scottish, Irish English (northern), and English regional (northern). 1. a. transitive. To trade or exchange (a thing) for (also †with) another thing. Also: to make the subject of an exchange (with a fellow trader). ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > exchange, change for [verb (transitive)] changec1225 truck?c1225 interchangec1374 permutec1400 wrixlec1400 turnc1449 wissel1487 chaffer1530 niffer1540 bandy1589 to chaffer words1590 swap1590 barter1596 counterchange1598 commute1633 trade1636 countercambiate1656 ring1786 rebarter1845 trade1864 swop1890 permutate1898 interconvert1953 1540 Linlithgow Burgh Court 27 Oct. Anent ane hors that the said Villiam newfarit with the said Watt. 1564 Linlithgow Sheriff Court 20 Jan. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nefare Ane brovne meir..quhilk thai neiffirrit with Brwme & gat ane liart naig & iiij li. x s. of bute. a1568 Burgh Court Rec. in A. Maxwell Old Dundee (1891) 201 James Page upheld his mare faultless which he neifarit with John's horse. 1637 S. Rutherford Let. 7 Sept. in Joshua Redivivus (1664) 165 A market where we might barter or niffer our lazie ease with a profitable cross. 1641 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1870) V. 447/2 He nifferit that staig with John Buchannan. 1699 in J. Anderson Black Bk. Kincardineshire (1843) 113 The panel said that one of them [sc. three cows] was his own, another he had niffered with his brother for a steer. a1801 R. Gall Poems & Songs (1819) 123 But, haith! there's nae scenes I wad niffer wi' thae; For it fills my fond heart fu' o' glee. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. viii. 215 I carried it for mony a year, till I niffered it for this tin ane. 1861 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life ii. 168 ‘Oh,’ he said with great simplicity, ‘my master niffered me for a pony.’ 1932 W. D. Cocker Poems 39 He has niffer'd his sark wi' the bogle, His breeks, coat an' bunnet forby. 1961 People's Jrnl. 28 Jan. She niffert some o' her fish for hame-made cheese an' butter fae the farmers' wives. 1983 Eng. World-wide 4 88 No lang efterhim the yung son niffert the haill o his portion for siller. †b. intransitive. To make an exchange, to barter. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] bargain1525 hucka1529 hucker1548 dodge1568 blockc1570 pelt1579 hack1587 haggle1589 to beat the bargain1591 to beat the market1591 huckster1593 niffera1598 badger1600 scotch1601 palter1611 cheapen1620 higgle1633 tig-tag1643 huckle1644 chaffer1693 chaffer1725 dicker1797 niffer1815 Jew1825 hacker1833 banter1835 higgle-haggle1841 hondle1921 wheel and deal1961 a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. C3^v Of weillie persons... He neiffers [ MS ?c1625 niffers] for the better. 1754 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. (at cited word) He intended that Day to have niffered with the Defender. 1828 D. M. Moir Life Mansie Wauch xxi. 318 There being but small difference in the value of the cloths..I caused them to niffer. 1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 85 He's fond o' barter that niffers wi' auld Nick. †c. intransitive. To admit of being exchanged. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1612 in A. I. Ritchie Churches St. Baldred (1880) 108 Efter that ye said cow wald not niffer. 2. transitive. To make a mutual exchange of. ΚΠ 1721 A. Ramsay Poems I. 114 Stand yont proud Czar, I wadna niffer Fame With thee, for a' thy Furrs and paughty Name. 1728 A. Ramsay Wks. (1944–73) II. 204 Meeting kind to niffer Kisses, Bargaining for better Blesses. a1800 Young Hyn Horn x, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 203/2 You must niffer clothes with me. 1863 J. Nicholson Kilwuddie 74 Cuffs an' kicks they freely niffer't. 1980 Eng. World-wide 1 i. 124 Some o them..had nae time at aa for onie language binna what they could niffer wi their cronies in the pub. 3. intransitive. To bargain, haggle; (occasionally) gen. to conduct business. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] bargain1525 hucka1529 hucker1548 dodge1568 blockc1570 pelt1579 hack1587 haggle1589 to beat the bargain1591 to beat the market1591 huckster1593 niffera1598 badger1600 scotch1601 palter1611 cheapen1620 higgle1633 tig-tag1643 huckle1644 chaffer1693 chaffer1725 dicker1797 niffer1815 Jew1825 hacker1833 banter1835 higgle-haggle1841 hondle1921 wheel and deal1961 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. iv. 37 Weel, so we sat niffering about some brandy that I said I wanted, till he came in. 1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. 354 Niffer, to haggle, to bargain in a tenacious or hard spirit. 1891 H. Johnstone Kilmallie I. 155 Meiklemyre has been drinking and niffering on the Sabbath. 1920 A. Dodds Songs 3 He'd haggle and niffer when buyin' his cattle. 1950 in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. 425/3 He's aye nifferin in aboot the smiddy; A dunno what he's efter. 1994 W. N. Herbert Forked Tongue 113 Eh stoappd, an' niffert wi thi nicht, paleit thi caundils o thi leerie-lichts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1400v.1540
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