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单词 neither
释义

neitheradv.conj.pron.adj.

Brit. /ˈnʌɪðə/, /ˈniːðə/, U.S. /ˈniðər/, /ˈnaɪðər/
Forms:

α. early Middle English nærþer (transmission error), early Middle English næþer, Middle English neethur, Middle English neethyr, Middle English neþer, Middle English nethere, Middle English nethir, Middle English nethther, Middle English nethyr, Middle English neþore, Middle English neþur, Middle English–1600s nether, 1500s neder, 1500s nedyr, 1500s neether, 1500s nethar, 1600s neather, 1800s– needer (U.S. regional and nonstandard (chiefly in African-American usage)), 1800s– n'er (U.S. regional and nonstandard (chiefly in African-American usage)); English regional 1700s– neether, 1800s nether (south-western), 1800s– neader (northern), 1800s– neather (northern), 1800s– neeaither (northern), 1800s– neeather (northern), 1900s– needer (Kent); Scottish pre-1700 neather, pre-1700 neathir, pre-1700 nedir, pre-1700 netheir, pre-1700 nethir, pre-1700 1700s–1800s nether, pre-1700 (1800s northern) neder, 1800s neddir (northern), 1800s– nedder (northern); Irish English 1600s nedder, 1900s– nether.

β. early Middle English naiþer, early Middle English naiðer, early Middle English neiðer, early Middle English neiðere, Middle English nayther, Middle English neider, Middle English neiþer, Middle English neithere, Middle English neithir, Middle English neiþir, Middle English neiþyr, Middle English neyder, Middle English neydur, Middle English neydyr, Middle English neyþer, Middle English neyþere, Middle English neythere, Middle English neythey (transmission error), Middle English neythir, Middle English neythyr, Middle English neyþir, Middle English neyþur, Middle English neyþyr, Middle English–1600s neyther, Middle English– neither, late Middle English–1600s (rare) 1800s (U.S. regional) nyther, 1600s neitheir; English regional (chiefly northern) 1800s naither, 1800s– naider, 1800s– nayder, 1800s– naydhur, 1800s– nayther, 1800s– neyther, 1800s– nyder; Scottish pre-1700 naithir, pre-1700 naythir, pre-1700 1700s– neither, pre-1700 1800s naither, pre-1700 1800s– nayther, pre-1700 1900s– neyther, 1900s– naider (northern), 1900s– neider (northern); also Irish English 1800s naythur, 1800s nyther, 1900s– nayther.

γ. English regional (northern) 1800s– naedthre, 1800s– naether, 1800s– nather; Scottish pre-1700 nadir, pre-1700 naethuer, pre-1700 nathir, pre-1700 nathor, pre-1700 naþir, pre-1700 1700s nather, pre-1700 (1900s– northern) nader, 1800s– naether, 1900s– naeder (northern).

δ. 1500s–1600s (1800s– Manx English) nither; U.S. regional 1700s–1800s nither, 1800s nithur; Scottish 1800s nidder (Shetland), 1900s– nither (Orkney).

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: nauther pron., adv., and adj.
Etymology: Alteration of nauther pron., adv., and adj. by analogy with either pron., adj., adv., and conj. Compare also nather adv., pron., and adj., nother adv.1, and nouther pron., adv.1, and adj.The γ. forms may perhaps represent survivals of earlier nather adv., pron., and adj., but are placed here on the grounds that similar forms are frequent as Scots forms of either pron., adj., adv., and conj. For the history of the word's pronunciation, see discussion s.v. either pron., adj., adv., and conj.
A. adv. (and conj.)
1. Introducing reference to alternatives or different things, about each of which a negative statement is made.The regular position of neither is immediately before the first of the alternative expressions, but it is frequently placed earlier in the sentence. The ‘unbalanced’ placing of neither is commonly criticized by grammarians from the mid 18th cent. onwards.Almost any parallel sentence elements may express the alternatives, but parallel main clauses are now rare in this construction.
†a. neither..ne. Obsolete.In early use ne is also inserted after neither.
ΚΠ
α.
?a1200 (?OE) Peri Didaxeon (1896) 31 Þæt yfel hym on innan wyxt and rixað swa swyþe, þæt hym næþer ne meteþ ne ealaþ ne lyst.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1660 (MED) Sal neþer [a1400 Gött. neyder; a1400 Trin. Cambr. nouþer] liue ne fouul ne best.
β. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 9 (MED) Ne sweriȝeð, naiðer ne be heuene ne be ierðe.c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 898 (MED) Sparede he neyþer tos ne heles.c1375 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3802 He so soore fil out of his char..So that he neither myghte go ne ryde.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 6941 His hali wandis..greu neyder less ne mare, Bot euer befor as þai ware.c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 343 (MED) To him is þis thanke propur, & neyþur to pope ne confessour.1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) v. xiv. f. cix The sone dependeth of the fader..neither latter ne rather than the fader.1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. hij Ye shall not put therto neyther coporose ne vertgrees.1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 2v Spared no labours neyther by see ne yet by lande.
†b. neither..neither (also nother). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
α.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke 14:35 Nether in erthe nether in the dunghil it is profitable.
a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 11 (MED) Narwnes of place withstandeþ neþur wit neþur vertu.
β. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) III. 1191 That neyther you, my lorde kyng Arthur, nother you, sir Gawayne, com nat into the fylde.c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville Surgery (Wellcome) f. 151 (MED) Kutte þi þreed neiþir to schorte neiþir to longe.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 102 We..intend so to proceed in this matter, neither enclynyng on the right hande, neyther yet on the left.1620 T. Venner Via Recta viii. 176 Neither alwaies, neither to euery one, neither of euery sort.a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xvi. 129 This stuff or Oar being neither loose..as earth.., neither firm..as stone, is of a middle substance..composed of shels or scales.1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xxxii. 187 Neither can an Opposition, neither can a Ministry, be always wrong.δ. a1539 in Archaeol. 47 54 Nither at the christening nother at the confirmacion.
c. neither..nor.neither here nor there: see here adv. 12.
(a) With another negative in the superordinate clause, usually preceding. Now rare.
ΚΠ
α.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Josh. viii. D They had no place to flie vnto, nether hither ner thither.
1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 107 Economie, or housholdinge cannot truely be termed neether Art nor Science.
β. c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 946 That lord..wol nat suffren hem by noon assent Neither to been yburyed nor ybrent.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 42 Dauid king of Scottes..spoyled the Countrie,..not sparing neyther man woman nor chylde.1606 L. Bryskett Disc. Ciuill Life 32 Not tying himselfe absolutely to follow neither Plato nor Aristotle.1678 R. Cudworth tr. Maximus of Tyre in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. ii. 494 No part neither of Nature, nor of the World, is to Homer Godless.1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous i. 51 You have no Idea at all, neither relative nor positive of Matter.1776 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 19 May (1778) What, then, must be the fate of those who do not keep a minute account, neither of the yield nor of the vent?1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 131 There was now no respite neither by day nor night for this devoted city.a1849 H. Coleridge Ess. & Marginalia (1851) II. 277 Christianity abrogated no duty..neither for Jew nor Gentile.1953 A. Hosain Phoenix Fled 183 The woman had no status, neither as a wife nor a mother of sons, and could be her handmaiden.1994 H. Bloom Western Canon ii. iv. 107 No writer, neither Ovid nor ‘the English Ovid’, Christopher Marlowe, influenced Shakespeare as crucially as Chaucer did.
(b) Without another negative in a superordinate clause.
ΚΠ
α.
a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 11 (MED) Þe nobilite of a cete stondeþ neþer in hiȝe toures nor in grete richesses but in famouse storye of þe induellande.
c1475 Mankind (1969) 817 Ȝelde me nethyr golde nor tresure, but yowr humbyll obeysyance.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 128 Left is nether corce nor cunȝie.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Tobit v. 2 Nether doth he knowe me, ner I him.
1549 N. Ridley Let. in R. Potts Liber Cantabr. (1855) 245 I am assuredly persuaded that it is neder the Kinge's Majesties nor your Graces pleasor.
1673 W. Scroggs in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 112 I choose the rather to write when I have nether business nor newes.
1687 W. Molyneux Let. 12 Feb. in J. Flamsteed Corr. (1997) II. 334 The greatest Inequalitys are neather on those pointes nor the Suzigia nor Quadratures.
β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 5857 (MED) Neyder i knou him þat ȝe say, Nor i ne wil lat þe folk away.a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 2746 Þerof getyth he neythyr peny nor pownde.?a1500 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 164 Thowe canst me neydur thank nor pleasse.?c1500 Killing of Children (Digby) 198 Of me thu shalt neyther haue ffee nor aduauntage.1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxliiv That gain once gotten.., neither othe holdeth, nor frendship continueth.1594 O. B. Questions Profitable Concernings L 2 b Neither God nor nature giues this value vnto all.1630 W. Bedell Let. in R. Parr Life J. Usher (1686) Coll. clxviii. 454 This Protestation having neither Latin, nor Law, nor Common Sence.1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. ii. ix. 132 Adam..being neither Monarch, nor his imaginary Monarchy, hereditable.1728 A. Ramsay Step-daughter ii She neither has lawtith nor shame.1746 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 259 Neither care disturbs their sleep, nor passion inflames their breast.1785 W. Cowper Task v. 90 Neither grub nor root nor earth-nut now Repays their labour more.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 555 Quarter was to be neither taken nor given.1879 M. Arnold Irish Catholicism in Mixed Ess. 120 There are neither fairies nor gnomes.1923 A. Bennett Riceyman Steps i. ii. 5 He had the air neither of a bookman nor of a member of the upper-middle class.1994 Guardian 22 Sept. (OnLine section) 4/2 A firewall is neither an off-the-shelf product nor a complete methodology: it's simply a metaphor.γ. 1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) 23 Tho' naþir hairt nor mynd consentis.1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxv. 52 Yit wer thay nather sauld nor slaine.1599 A. Hume Hymnes sig. G2v O Iah our God: be thou our guide, In battails be thou on our side, And we sall nather fall nor flee.a1657 W. Mure Misc. Poems in Wks. (1898) I. 11 Nather prayers could prevaile nor wisses.1798 H. Brand Adelinda ii. v, in Plays & Poems 289 Whather she's right or wrong is nather, hare nor thare, I order it, and that's enough.1965 in Sc. National Dict. at Naither Nader.
(c) With two singular subjects and plural verb or anaphoric plural pronoun.
ΚΠ
c1513 T. More Works (1557) f. 60/2 Neither king Edward himself, nor the Duke of Clarence, were lawfully begotten.
1563 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. xxxiv. 381 Neither the certificate..nor the indictment..are to be credenced.
1611 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdoms World (new ed.) 76 Neither the Subiect nor the Serf are bound to go to the warres, but only the vassall.
1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 74 Neither Moses nor Joshua were Usurpers, though not vocally chosen by the people.
1759 S. Johnson Idler 17 Feb. 49 Neither search nor labour are necessary.
1777 W. Cowper Wks. (1837) XV. 37 Neither the Duke of Bedford nor Lord Sussex have cut yet.
1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 478 Neither the Law nor the Gospel were introduced with such appalling miracles.
1874 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera IV. xliii. 139 Neither painting nor fighting feed men.
1903 Daily Chron. 25 June 4/5 Neither Captain Percy Scott nor his dotter were on view.
1997 Independent 6 Aug. 4/8 Mr Hume was at a religious retreat in Scotland yesterday, and neither he nor a spokesman for the SDLP were available for comment.
d. neither..or.Numerous grammarians from the mid 18th cent. onwards criticize the use of or rather than nor as ungrammatical and improper.
ΚΠ
c1395 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 499 She noght ameued Neither in word or cheere or contenaunce.
1524 T. Wolsey in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 249 To procede towardes Paris, in whiche waye is neither strong holde or river to empeche or let them.
1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. xxxix The outward place nether helpeth or hindred.
?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio Pasquine in Traunce 111 That..we neyther tourne asyde to the right or left hande.
1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 416 A..woman, neither walking, running, or staying.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 268 Yet neither thus disheartn'd or dismay'd, The time prefixt I waited. View more context for this quotation
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 209 I can neither, tell how many we kill'd, or how many we wounded.
1786 A. M. Bennett Juvenile Indiscretions I. 70 Engaging to spare neither trouble or expence.
1830 W. Taylor Hist. Surv. German Poetry III. 26 These modern antiques neither supply the interest of classical or of German poetry.
1874 G. W. Dasent Tales from Fjeld 204 Wasn't it true that he neither knew anything or could do anything?
1916 Literary Digest 1 Jan. 13/1 It is conceivable that this small body of men might have neither sending or receiving radio-apparatus.
1997 Independent 23 Apr. (Suppl.) 2/2 Some brave transsexuals..have rejected the medicalised script that has been written out for them, insisting that they are neither one thing or the other.
†e. Followed by and or but. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Famylyer Dyaloge Freende & Felaw (Sion Coll. London) (1989) 19 I knowe wele þat auaryce ys a sercher of secrete wynnyng and a moste desyrous swolow neyther happy to the very fruyte of hauynge but feruently sette vppon the cursyd appetyte of getyng.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest (1930) ii. 77 The Fig tree, is of no high growth, neither nice in bodie, but grossely set and thick.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iv. xvi. 115 They neither gaue courage to the fearfull, but carried away themselues with like feare, ran all away for company.
1673 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd ii. 200 He that chuses a just weight does neither find himself the weaker.., and reaches the length he aim'd at.
1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress (ed. 2) 178 That neither thou, but especially I, am not made my self this example.
2. Negating a second or further alternative (usually following a previous negation): and not —— either, nor yet, nor moreover, and not, also not.
a. Introducing a prepositional phrase, noun phrase, postmodifying phrase, etc. Now chiefly Caribbean.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xviii. 32 Ne delite þou in cumpanyes neþer [L. nec] in smaal þingis.
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 350 (MED) Mo ententis for which matrimonye schulde be ordeyned is not knowen..bi resoun neiþer bi scripture.
1462 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 313 No bowcher nathyr bowcher ys man, neethyr no nothyr man.
1513–14 Act 5 Hen. VIII c. 17 §2 That no persone that is taxed for landes..be sett or taxed for his godes..neither econtrarye.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxvv He said it was a matter newly inuented, neyther vsed in former time.
1937 P. M. Avery Interview 19 Mar. in C. L. Perdue et al. Weevils in Wheat (1976) 16 I couldn' walk, neither set down.
1956 in Dict. Jamaican Eng. (1967) 319/1 Mi duon iit di puok, niida di biif.
1996 R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage 403/1 She don't talk to me, neither the children.
b. Introducing a clause or sentence, with inversion of subject and verb.
ΚΠ
1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. lxxxixv For to punish a man that hath forsaken synne of his awne accorde, is not to purge him, but to satisfie ye lust of a tirant. Nether ought it to be called purgatory, but a Iayle of tormentynge and a satisfactory.
1615 W. Bedwell Arabian Trudgman in tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ sig. N3 Sarraceni..are those people which otherwise..were called..Arabians. Neither were they so named of Sara, Abrahams wife.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. ii. §7 Wee cannot then, neither ought we to determine any thing concerning the particular waies of Gods bounty.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 139 But that there was no help for; neither was my time so much Loss to me.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 217 Such powers I boast not—neither can I rest A silent witness of the headlong rage.
1828 G. S. Faber Sacred Cal. Prophecy III. vi. ix. 469 Neither can there be any literal or personal co-reign of the martyrs resuscitated.
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 300 If there are no teachers, neither are there disciples?
1928 Daily Tel. 21 Aug. 13/1 If you cannot indict a nation, neither can you fully describe a nation, environmentally or spiritually.
1997 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 20 Apr. b6 I'm not a stay-at-home mom. Neither am I a ‘dragon-lady career woman’.
3. Reinforcing a preceding negative: either.
a. With explicit negative. (nonstandard in later use.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > negation > [adverb] > used to strengthen preceding negative
noutherc1175
notherc1225
neither1551
me neither1882
me either1898
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Tiijv It is euen so, and yet not true neyther, that [etc.].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iii. 16 Nay, that cannot bee so neyther . View more context for this quotation
1632 R. Brome Northern Lasse v. ii Pray put vp your Pipes sir. I like not your Musicke: troth nor his countenance nather.
1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 103 I have no purpose to make merchandise of it; yet desire I not nither to tire my hands with writing continually to no profit.
1668 G. Etherege She wou'd if she Cou'd iii. i. 36 Now I have thought better on 't, that is not Absolutely necessary neither.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 423. ¶2 Expressions of Rapture and Adoration will not move her neither.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxxvii. 264 Perhaps I may not make it in form neither.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 355 I would not exclude alteration neither . View more context for this quotation
1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby II. iv. ix. 101 There were no books neither.
1871 G. Meredith Harry Richmond III. xiii. 225 Lady Edbury would never see Roy-Richmond after that, nor the old lord neither.
1879 H. J. Byron Old Soldiers ii. i Mary. I can't stay in the room, the atmosphere is simply stifling. Cassidy. And it's not so warrum nather. P'raps it's your feelings that overpower you.
1896 G. Ade Artie xiii. 117 Guess what they train on... Cocoanut pie. That ain't no fairy tale, neither.
1932 P. G. Wodehouse Hot Water vi. 114 Here's this Gedge bird shoutin' about the plumbing of this Chatty-o and not saying it with flowers, neither.
1992 I. Pattison More Rab C. Nesbitt Scripts 14 Bliddy right we don't. And it's not a very fair one neither! I mean d'yi see that?
†b. With negative implied contextually. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 95 Ad. Then let your seruants bring my husband forth. Ab. Neither: he tooke this place for sanctuary. View more context for this quotation
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 596 The Inhabitants cannot travell but with a licence, and with that neither, but for a prefixed season.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxxii. 272 I can more freely speak my Mind upon the Occasion, though I am but a poor Casuist neither.
c. colloquial (originally U.S.). me neither: nor I.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > negation > [adverb] > used to strengthen preceding negative
noutherc1175
notherc1225
neither1551
me neither1882
me either1898
1882 Marion (Ohio) Daily Star 6 Feb. ‘When I get out I'm not going to tamper with any more proverbs,’ remarked No. 2. ‘Me neither,’ responded No. 1.
1926 J. Black You can't Win xiii. 165 ‘I wouldn't plead guilty to anything if I were you,’ I advised him. ‘Me, neither,’ said his partner.
1973 R. Busby Pattern of Violence iv. 61 ‘Can you place either of them?’ The young detective shook his head. ‘Me neither.’
1999 S. Stewart Sharking xii. 198 ‘I don't know what to do,’ I said finally... ‘Me neither,’ said Lucinda.
4. Scottish, Irish English, and Canadian colloquial. Introducing a reiteration (with pronouns and pro-forms of verbs) of a previous negative statement: indeed not, it is true that..not.
ΚΠ
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose ii. in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 179 ‘I begin rather to wonder, sir,..that you should have continued so long in the Swedish service, than that you should have ultimately withdrawn from it.’ ‘Neither I should,..but that great leader..made his service irresistibly delectable.’
1909 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Avonlea x. 98 ‘Davy declares he never saw her since I left.’ ‘Neither I did,’ avowed Davy.
1934 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Grey Granite ii. 134 And Jimmy said ‘Neither we have; that's suspicious.’
1989 L. Lochhead Mary Queen of Scots ii. v. 55 Mummer 2: We couldnae hae it, Tam! Mummer 1: Neither we could, Wullie.
1995 J. Collins Booing Bishop 75 ‘Aha, ahaaaaah. I caaan't fi-i-i-nd it.’ Neither I could. The thruppenny bit seemed to have melted into the mess.
B. pron.
1. Not the one nor the other (of two).
a. Standing alone or with of.Also formerly never neither (quot. c1449 at sense B. 1a(a)); neither other (quot. 1529 at sense B. 1a(a)); neither nother (see nother pron.1 and adj.1), or following another negative.
(a) With singular or unmarked agreement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > none or not any one of > neither
nauthereOE
noutherOE
notherlOE
neitherc1300
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 737 Neiþer ne miȝte þere þole Þat oþer deide bifore.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1276 Ðor ben he boðen feren pligt, Ðat here neiðer sal don oðer un-rigt.
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1135 Ech of vs..Til that the deeth departe shal vs tweyne Neither of vs in loue to hyndre oother.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 14 (MED) To neuerneither thei han sufficient euydence.
1483 ( Pilgrimage of Soul iv. xxxii. 81 Neither of them shalle be the lift hand to mayntenaunce of wrong.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 163/2 What if neyther other..were likely to be trewe, but semed bothe twayne impossible.
1567 J. Sanford tr. Epictetus Man. 27 We haue not any thing written of neither of them.
1573 R. Sempill Sege Castel Edinb. sig. Aiv Yaxlie and Erintoun, nather of thame wes slak.
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Deut. xxiv. Comm. For no cause neither of them can marie againe, so long as the other liveth.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1188 Thus they in mutual accusation spent The fruitless hours, but neither self-condemning. View more context for this quotation
1725 I. Watts Logick iv. i Neither of these two Methods should be too scrupulously and superstitiously pursued.
1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxviii*. 23 Neither can forbear to wish for the absence of the other.
1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 21 A mixed decrement is one in which unequal numbers of molecules are omitted in height and in breadth, neither of the numbers being a multiple of the other, such as three in height and two in breadth.
1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase I. ii. 10 You thought it was me and I thought it was you, and faith its nather of us.
1874 Appletons' Jrnl. Feb. 836/3 Ye ken wroite there in that buke that nather av 'em 'ull lay their phists on me again.
1923 World's Work May 563/2 He..expected that he had been arrested in mistake for me. Unfortunately neither of us was justified in our hopes of misprision.
1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard iii. 111 Both the detectives' names and ranks were correct; neither was upped to DCS.
2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health ii. 399 There are several suitable drugs to eradicate the worms, such as tiabendazole..and albendazole.., neither of which should be taken in pregnancy.
(b) With plural verb or anaphoric plural pronoun.Use of plural agreement with neither is frequently criticized by grammarians in the latter part of the 18th cent.
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c1550 Clariodus (1830) 250 Nather of thair heartis beine at reste.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1640/1 Neither were ignoraunt of the purpose of the aduersaries, and how ye cause was preiudicate before.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 254 Thersites body is as good as Aiax, When neyther are aliue. View more context for this quotation
1648 C. Walker Relations & Observ. ii. 142 Neither of which are able to read any one Record in those Offices.
1690 in E. B. O'Callaghan Documentary Hist. N.-Y. (1849) II. 298 Not knowing the contents of their loading, nather have observed that any part of the sd loading hath been unloaden.
1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *B Both writ with wonderful Facility and Clearness; neither were great Inventors.
1741 Countess of Hartford in Countess of Hartford & Countess of Pomfret Corr. (1805) II. 245 Neither of your letters mention these disagreeable circumstances.
1781 G. Wakefield in Mem. (1804) I. 461 Neither of us are the proper judges.
1859 F. W. Newman Phases of Faith 184 Neither of them declare themselves eyewitnesses of Christ's resurrection.
1875 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera V. li. 62 What at present I believe neither of us know.
1886 R. C. Moberly Probl. & Princ. (1904) x. 314 They are co-ordinate,..they neither override the other.
1902 Philos. Rev. 11 140 At this stage of development it is nonsense to talk about the self or the non-self, egoism or altruism, the individual or the external world, for neither exist as far as the child is concerned.
1991 Daily Tel. 5 Jan. 30/7 In the girls' singles, neither of the top two seeds were seriously challenged.
†b. neither of both, neither of either. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [phrase] > neither
neither of both1535
neither (also nothing) so nor so1583
1535 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxiv. 158 That neither of both parties shal give any help..against the other, directly or undirectly, secretly or openly, to the invasor.
1537 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. III. 148 Prosperity and..adversite, for nedyr off both doth tary, but brevely overpasse.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 459 Quee. Will you haue me, or your Pearle againe? Berow. Neither of either: I remit both twaine. View more context for this quotation
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. x. xxxvi. 377 But neither of both had any stomacke to fight.
1633 Match at Mid-night iv. sig. G2 Troth, neither of either, so let him understand.
1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. viii. 167* Neither of both..were willing enough to look into the other end of the wallet, and to examine throughly their own spirits.
2. Not any one (of more than two). Now rare.
ΚΠ
1644 H. Parker Jus Populi 14 Our adversaries boast of three Conquests in this Island, and yet neither of them all was just or totall.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 164 Matter, Form and Accidents; neither of which can be the Aristotelick Nature.
1796 R. Southey Let. 19 Feb. in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1849) I. 263 He at last fixed upon a leg of mutton, soles and oyster sauce, and toasted cheese—to the no small amusement of those who knew he could get neither.
1846 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces 8 Heat, Light, Electricity, Magnetism..are all Correlatives..neither, taken abstractedly, can be said to be the essential..cause of the others.
1907 Daily News 28 May 11/2 It is known also as Wake-Robin, Cuckoo Pint, and Lords-and-Ladies, but neither of these names describes the plant so well as the quaint Priest-in-the-Pulpit.
1983 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1996) (at cited word) ‘Neither of those twenty never [did something]’ said to be in popular use.
C. adj. (determiner).
1. Not the one or the other.Also formerly neither nother: see nother pron.1 and adj.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adjective] > no, none, or not any > neither
notherc1325
nouthera1393
neithera1400
nary1746
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 143 (MED) Þei moun not wagge to neiþir side aboute þe sowynge.
?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 365 (MED) Nethyr duc wold hold hym trewth.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxxviv I should haue but small thanke of neyther partie.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 254 Nothing neither way. View more context for this quotation
1615 P. Gordon Famous Hist. Prince Robert i. xvi Nather side wold shrink or lose their ground.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 97 But neither Shoar his Conquest shall confine. View more context for this quotation
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 226 It was a kind of a Hedge Fight, for neither Army was drawn out in the Field.
1785 J. Madison Writings II. 174 For neither branch [of the Legislature] does it seem necessary or proper to prohibit an indefinite re-eligibility.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xviii. 162 Neither one of us was particularly eager about rushing into that near smoking Babylon.
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Aug. 2/2 The proofs actually issued in neither case totalled 1,000.
1959 Motor 11 Nov. 524/1 On the confined test ground it seemed easier to ‘throw about’ than the big B.M.W., but neither car could show its paces in the space available.
1991 Time 3 June 63/2 Neither chemical came with a warning of dangerous interaction, but the impact of diazinon..was apparently magnified by the Tagamet.
2. U.S. regional (Midland), Canadian regional (Newfoundland), and Caribbean (Barbados). Not any, no; not a single.
ΚΠ
1902 Christmas Bells 3 But I tell you, b'y, that there's neither maid in Green Bay..I'd trade that old craft for.
1940 A. R. Scammell Songs of Newfoundlander 26 As yet there's neither law agin' the killin of a hen!
1957 F. A. Collymore Notes for Gloss. Barbadian Dial. (ed. 2) 59 I ain't got either wife. (I haven't a wife) might be rendered by either I got neither wife, or, more emphatically, I ain't got neither wife.
1968 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1996) (at cited word) ‘There used to be a lot of crabs here, but now there's neither one.’ ‘You can't catch neither crab here.’
1979 Rappahannock Rec. (Kilmarnock, Virginia) 22 Nov. 3/3 On bad days he [sc. the Northern Neck native] is heard to complain that he hasn't caught ‘either’ or ‘neither’ oyster.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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