necessitateadj.

Brit.

/nᵻˈsɛsᵻteɪt/,

/nᵻˈsɛsᵻtət/, U.S.

/nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt/,

/nəˈsɛsədət/, Scottish English

/nᵻˈsɛsᵻtet/,

/nᵻˈsɛsᵻtət/

Forms: 1600s necesitate, 1700s–1800s necessitate; Scottish pre-1700 necesitat, pre-1700 necessecitat (transmission error), pre-1700 nesesitat, pre-1700 nessessitat, pre-1700 1700s necessitat, pre-1700 1700s– necessitate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin necessitatus, necessitare.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin necessitatus, past participle of necessitare necessitate v. Compare necessitated adj. Sc. National Dict. s.v. records the word as still in use in north-eastern Scotland in 1963.

Chiefly Scottish. Now rare.

Necessitated; obliged. Chiefly as past participle.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > [adjective] > necessitated

necessitate1533

necessitated1631

necessited1635

1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere iv. p. cxxx Tyndale..laboreth to make vs wene that the wyll of man dothe nothynge wyllyngly, but were vtterly forced and ineuitably necessytat by the eternal eleccyon of god vnto glory and his eternall reprobacyon vnto payne.

a1586 R. Maitland Hist. House of Seytoun (1829) 82 The said Sir Alexander..was necessitat to go to Holland.

1640 Remonstr. Present Troubles Estates Scotl. 24 Albeit we be not diffident of God's assistance whensoever we shall be necessitate to our own defence.

a1699 A. Halkett Autobiogr. (1875) 60 Beeing necesitate to leave London.

1710 W. Black in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 186 I shall be necessitate to return for Great Britain.

1739 Session Rec. in C. D. Bentinck Dornoch Cathedral & Parish (1926) xii. 443 He was necessitate to stay from Sermon that afternoon to wait of a Child of his that had two fits of the falling sickness that day.

1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 271 They are necessitate in kind, As change in nature, or as shade to light.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

necessitatev.

Brit.

/nᵻˈsɛsᵻteɪt/, U.S.

/nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt/

Forms: 1600s– necessitate; Scottish pre-1700 necesitat, pre-1700 necessitat, pre-1700 1700s– necessitate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin necessitat-, necessitare.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin necessitat-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of necessitare to compel, constrain (frequently in British sources c1277–1440), to make necessary (from mid 14th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin necessitās necessity n. Compare Middle French necessiter (14th cent.; French nécessiter ), Italian necessitare (14th cent.), Spanish necesitar (1611 or earlier), Portuguese necessitar (16th cent.). Compare earlier necessitate adj., necessite v.

1. transitive. To make necessary; esp. to demand, require, or involve as a necessary condition, accompaniment, or result.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > necessitate [verb (transitive)]

necess?a1425

to call for ——1547

force1551

necessite1596

necessitate1601

oblige1638

necessiate1709

necessity1827

mean1841

1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xxxii. sig. S8^v Those things that are necessitated, thers an end of them, they must be done.

1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer ii. 977 Or thinke, because our sinne he doth permit That therefore he necessitateth it.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 5 As if..the elevation of the one necessitated the depression of the other.

1700 C. Ness Antidote against Arminianism 24 Such a Decree as passeth without any Obligation to Necessitate the passing of it.

1726 A. Pope in tr. Homer Odyssey V. Postscr. 275 This renders his Poems more animated, but..necessitates the frequent use of a lower style.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. v. 77 They necessitated a still more various knowledge.

1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma Pref. p. xiii A string of other unverifiable assumptions..such as the received theology necessitates.

1905 Daily Chron. 15 July 6/3 [The] entrance arrangements, which necessitated a scrummage lasting from five to fifteen minutes to those who were ticket-holders.

1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics iv. 97 Addiction refers to that condition induced by a drug which necessitates the continuation of the drug and without which physical and mental derangements result.

1984 C. Boylan Last Resorts ix. 96 She could only think of the work that having a man around necessitated.

2001 Ships Monthly Mar. 31/2 En route..one of Charles de Gaulle's propellers broke necessitating cancellation of the..cruise.

2. transitive. To compel, oblige, or force. Usually in passive.

a. With infinitive. Now rare.Very common in the 17th and 18th centuries; later chiefly Scottish or North American.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to do something

holdc1275

piltc1275

constraina1340

strength1340

distrainc1374

compelc1380

makec1395

distressa1400

stressa1400

art?1406

putc1450

coerce1475

cohert1475

enforce1509

perforce1509

forcec1540

violent?1551

press1600

necessitate1601

rack1602

restrain1621

reduce1622

oblige1632

necessiate1709

1601 R. Broughton Apologicall Epist. vii. 55 Duety and reuerence to my Queene Elizabeth their heire and successor, dooth necessitate me, in this extremitie, and desperate danger of their eternall noble fame & memory, to releeue them that bee dead.

1628 R. Le Grys tr. J. Barclay Argenis iv. 290 Not necessitated to holde out till the ruine of his party.

1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 72 For hee may necessitate a man to feele temptation, but not to consent to it.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World ix. 272 He had no mind to this Voyage; but was necessitated to engage in it, or starve.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 50 He has directed and necessitated us to preserve our Lives by Food.

1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France (1789) I. xxxi. 271 Each boy is necessitated to decide and act for himself.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple III. ii. 25 If any one, by doing wrong, necessitated another to do wrong to circumvent him.

1854 R. W. Emerson Lett. & Social Aims (1875) i. 22 All that is wondrous in Swedenborg is..his extraordinary perception; that he was necessitated so to see.

1998 R. Gordon Ailments through Ages 103 He was a man of such..unstable personality, that..it had necessitated the Physician to the Royal Household..to prevent his father installing him in an asylum.

†b. With to, †in, †into. Obsolete.Common esp. in 17th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state

needeOE

driveOE

strainc1374

halec1400

plunge?c1400

thrust14..

pulla1425

put1425

compel1541

violent?1551

forcec1592

necessitate1629

oblige1632

dragoon1689

press1733

coercea1853

thirl1871

steamroller1959

arm-twist1964

1629 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 5) lxvii. sig. M8^v No man is necessitated to more ill, yet no mans ill is lesse excus'd.

1631 Ld. Dorchester in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. III. 177 Ordinances might be raysed to necessitate the Irish in a more industrious course of life.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Oxf. 325 Deer are daily diminished in England, since the Gentry are necessitated into thrift.

1700 C. Ness Antidote against Arminianism 92 Man..in a..State of Creation..had Free-will either to Good or Evil, but was necessitated to neither.

1784 E. Allen Reason v. 188 Such of them..would have just matter of complaint against his providence..for involuntarily necessitating them into a wretched and miserable existence.

1888 W. Pater in Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 1/2 Necessitated by weak health to the regularity and the quiet of a monk.

†c. Without infinitive or prepositional phrase. Also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1640 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 97 Some Occasions of his own necessitating him.

1654 J. Owen Doctr. Saints Persev. in Wks. (1853) XI. 446 Where one necessitates and another only persuades, they cannot be said to cooperate.

1666 W. Spurstowe Spiritual Chymist (1668) 7 God is no way necessitated, or limited by the disposition..of the matter.

1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 33 They..by Foresight necessitate the Will.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 279 Causation [is] a power necessitating but not necessitated.

†3.

a. transitive. To reduce (a person) to want or need. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. iv. 67 They there made Forts and Trenches for their owne safties, and to necessitate [It. mettere in necessità] the besieged.

1649 tr. Alcoran 22 The father and mother shall not necessitate themselves for their children.

b. transitive. In passive. Also with in, for. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > make poor or impoverish [verb (transitive)]

destroy1297

poverisha1382

apoora1400

impover1418

poora1425

dispurveyc1430

impoverish1440

beggar1528

weaken1530

ruinate1547

ruin1560

depauper1562

depoverish1569

craze1573

soak1577

sift1591

waste1599

impoor1613

uncluea1616

depauperate1623

disenrich1647

necessitate1647

erumnate1676

straiten1699

poorify1711

pauperize1806

pauperate1839

pauper1841

to clear out1884

immiserate1956

penny-pincha1961

immiserize1971

1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. cxiv. 553 The Native shall attain a very great Estate,..and be necessitated in nothing.

a1677 J. Taylor Contempl. State Man (1684) ii. iii. 193 That he was not poor who wanted; but he who was necessitated.

1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 973 The King..being necessitated for Money.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	necessitate
释义	necessitateadj. Brit. /nᵻˈsɛsᵻteɪt/, /nᵻˈsɛsᵻtət/, U.S. /nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt/, /nəˈsɛsədət/, Scottish English /nᵻˈsɛsᵻtet/, /nᵻˈsɛsᵻtət/ Forms: 1600s necesitate, 1700s–1800s necessitate; Scottish pre-1700 necesitat, pre-1700 necessecitat (transmission error), pre-1700 nesesitat, pre-1700 nessessitat, pre-1700 1700s necessitat, pre-1700 1700s– necessitate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin necessitatus, necessitare. Etymology: < post-classical Latin necessitatus, past participle of necessitare necessitate v. Compare necessitated adj. Sc. National Dict. s.v. records the word as still in use in north-eastern Scotland in 1963. Chiefly Scottish. Now rare. Necessitated; obliged. Chiefly as past participle. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > [adjective] > necessitated necessitate1533 necessitated1631 necessited1635 1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere iv. p. cxxx Tyndale..laboreth to make vs wene that the wyll of man dothe nothynge wyllyngly, but were vtterly forced and ineuitably necessytat by the eternal eleccyon of god vnto glory and his eternall reprobacyon vnto payne. a1586 R. Maitland Hist. House of Seytoun (1829) 82 The said Sir Alexander..was necessitat to go to Holland. 1640 Remonstr. Present Troubles Estates Scotl. 24 Albeit we be not diffident of God's assistance whensoever we shall be necessitate to our own defence. a1699 A. Halkett Autobiogr. (1875) 60 Beeing necesitate to leave London. 1710 W. Black in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 186 I shall be necessitate to return for Great Britain. 1739 Session Rec. in C. D. Bentinck Dornoch Cathedral & Parish (1926) xii. 443 He was necessitate to stay from Sermon that afternoon to wait of a Child of his that had two fits of the falling sickness that day. 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 271 They are necessitate in kind, As change in nature, or as shade to light. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). necessitatev. Brit. /nᵻˈsɛsᵻteɪt/, U.S. /nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt/ Forms: 1600s– necessitate; Scottish pre-1700 necesitat, pre-1700 necessitat, pre-1700 1700s– necessitate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin necessitat-, necessitare. Etymology: < post-classical Latin necessitat-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of necessitare to compel, constrain (frequently in British sources c1277–1440), to make necessary (from mid 14th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin necessitās necessity n. Compare Middle French necessiter (14th cent.; French nécessiter ), Italian necessitare (14th cent.), Spanish necesitar (1611 or earlier), Portuguese necessitar (16th cent.). Compare earlier necessitate adj., necessite v. 1. transitive. To make necessary; esp. to demand, require, or involve as a necessary condition, accompaniment, or result. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > necessitate [verb (transitive)] necess?a1425 to call for ——1547 force1551 necessite1596 necessitate1601 oblige1638 necessiate1709 necessity1827 mean1841 1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xxxii. sig. S8^v Those things that are necessitated, thers an end of them, they must be done. 1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer ii. 977 Or thinke, because our sinne he doth permit That therefore he necessitateth it. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 5 As if..the elevation of the one necessitated the depression of the other. 1700 C. Ness Antidote against Arminianism 24 Such a Decree as passeth without any Obligation to Necessitate the passing of it. 1726 A. Pope in tr. Homer Odyssey V. Postscr. 275 This renders his Poems more animated, but..necessitates the frequent use of a lower style. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. i. v. 77 They necessitated a still more various knowledge. 1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma Pref. p. xiii A string of other unverifiable assumptions..such as the received theology necessitates. 1905 Daily Chron. 15 July 6/3 [The] entrance arrangements, which necessitated a scrummage lasting from five to fifteen minutes to those who were ticket-holders. 1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics iv. 97 Addiction refers to that condition induced by a drug which necessitates the continuation of the drug and without which physical and mental derangements result. 1984 C. Boylan Last Resorts ix. 96 She could only think of the work that having a man around necessitated. 2001 Ships Monthly Mar. 31/2 En route..one of Charles de Gaulle's propellers broke necessitating cancellation of the..cruise. 2. transitive. To compel, oblige, or force. Usually in passive. a. With infinitive. Now rare.Very common in the 17th and 18th centuries; later chiefly Scottish or North American. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to do something holdc1275 piltc1275 constraina1340 strength1340 distrainc1374 compelc1380 makec1395 distressa1400 stressa1400 art?1406 putc1450 coerce1475 cohert1475 enforce1509 perforce1509 forcec1540 violent?1551 press1600 necessitate1601 rack1602 restrain1621 reduce1622 oblige1632 necessiate1709 1601 R. Broughton Apologicall Epist. vii. 55 Duety and reuerence to my Queene Elizabeth their heire and successor, dooth necessitate me, in this extremitie, and desperate danger of their eternall noble fame & memory, to releeue them that bee dead. 1628 R. Le Grys tr. J. Barclay Argenis iv. 290 Not necessitated to holde out till the ruine of his party. 1646 H. Lawrence Of Communion & Warre with Angels 72 For hee may necessitate a man to feele temptation, but not to consent to it. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World ix. 272 He had no mind to this Voyage; but was necessitated to engage in it, or starve. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 50 He has directed and necessitated us to preserve our Lives by Food. 1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France (1789) I. xxxi. 271 Each boy is necessitated to decide and act for himself. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple III. ii. 25 If any one, by doing wrong, necessitated another to do wrong to circumvent him. 1854 R. W. Emerson Lett. & Social Aims (1875) i. 22 All that is wondrous in Swedenborg is..his extraordinary perception; that he was necessitated so to see. 1998 R. Gordon Ailments through Ages 103 He was a man of such..unstable personality, that..it had necessitated the Physician to the Royal Household..to prevent his father installing him in an asylum. †b. With to, †in, †into. Obsolete.Common esp. in 17th cent. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state needeOE driveOE strainc1374 halec1400 plunge?c1400 thrust14.. pulla1425 put1425 compel1541 violent?1551 forcec1592 necessitate1629 oblige1632 dragoon1689 press1733 coercea1853 thirl1871 steamroller1959 arm-twist1964 1629 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 5) lxvii. sig. M8^v No man is necessitated to more ill, yet no mans ill is lesse excus'd. 1631 Ld. Dorchester in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. III. 177 Ordinances might be raysed to necessitate the Irish in a more industrious course of life. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Oxf. 325 Deer are daily diminished in England, since the Gentry are necessitated into thrift. 1700 C. Ness Antidote against Arminianism 92 Man..in a..State of Creation..had Free-will either to Good or Evil, but was necessitated to neither. 1784 E. Allen Reason v. 188 Such of them..would have just matter of complaint against his providence..for involuntarily necessitating them into a wretched and miserable existence. 1888 W. Pater in Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Aug. 1/2 Necessitated by weak health to the regularity and the quiet of a monk. †c. Without infinitive or prepositional phrase. Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1640 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 97 Some Occasions of his own necessitating him. 1654 J. Owen Doctr. Saints Persev. in Wks. (1853) XI. 446 Where one necessitates and another only persuades, they cannot be said to cooperate. 1666 W. Spurstowe Spiritual Chymist (1668) 7 God is no way necessitated, or limited by the disposition..of the matter. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 33 They..by Foresight necessitate the Will. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 279 Causation [is] a power necessitating but not necessitated. †3. a. transitive. To reduce (a person) to want or need. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. iv. 67 They there made Forts and Trenches for their owne safties, and to necessitate [It. mettere in necessità] the besieged. 1649 tr. Alcoran 22 The father and mother shall not necessitate themselves for their children. b. transitive. In passive. Also with in, for. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > make poor or impoverish [verb (transitive)] destroy1297 poverisha1382 apoora1400 impover1418 poora1425 dispurveyc1430 impoverish1440 beggar1528 weaken1530 ruinate1547 ruin1560 depauper1562 depoverish1569 craze1573 soak1577 sift1591 waste1599 impoor1613 uncluea1616 depauperate1623 disenrich1647 necessitate1647 erumnate1676 straiten1699 poorify1711 pauperize1806 pauperate1839 pauper1841 to clear out1884 immiserate1956 penny-pincha1961 immiserize1971 1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. cxiv. 553 The Native shall attain a very great Estate,..and be necessitated in nothing. a1677 J. Taylor Contempl. State Man (1684) ii. iii. 193 That he was not poor who wanted; but he who was necessitated. 1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 973 The King..being necessitated for Money. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1533v.1601
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