naturalizationn.

Brit.

/ˌnatʃ(ə)rəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/,

/ˌnatʃ(ə)rl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˈˌnætʃ(ə)rələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˈˌnætʃ(ə)rəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: see naturalize v. and -ation suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: naturalize v., -ation suffix.

Etymology: < naturalize v. + -ation suffix. Compare Middle French, French naturalisation (late 16th cent.).

1. Originally Scottish. The action of admitting a foreigner or immigrant to the position and rights of citizenship, or of investing with the privileges of a native-born subject; the fact of being so admitted or invested. Also in extended use. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > national of a country > [noun] > naturalization

naturalization1558

legitimation1579

society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > status or rights of being a citizen > position or rights of native-born > granting

naturalization1558

endenization1579

naturalizing1606

endenizing1643

1558 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 504/1 The act anent the naturalization of Scottismen in France and of the Franchemen in Scotland.

1578 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 693 All respettis, remissionis, tutoreis datives and naturalizationis.

1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 190 Certaine Iesuits..obtayning the fauour of certaine gouernors, obtained a priuiledge of naturalization.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 442 Those of Flanders..are not bound to take Letters of Naturalization to dwell in this Kingdome.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. x. 234 Many Scotch..either by Naturalizations or Transmigrations have increased the Inhabitants of this Island.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 13. ⁋4 Our late act of naturalization hath had so great an effect in foreign parts [etc.].

1747 Gentleman's Mag. May 232/2 Tho' the naturalization bill was drop'd, no other was brought in to answer the same good purposes.

1798 Deb. Congr. U.S. 1 May (1851) II. 1566 The Committee for the Protection of Commerce and the Defence of the Country..were instructed to inquire and report whether any and what alterations were necessary in the naturalization act.

1833 Penny Cycl. I. 339/1 The most effectual method of naturalizing an alien is by Act of Parliament, called a Naturalization Bill.

1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland xvii. 390 They claimed and obtained letters of naturalisation.

1895 Handbk. Salvador (Bull. Bureau Amer. Republics No. 58) 79 Salvadorians are such either by birth or naturalization.

1900 S. Handsaker in Pioneer Life 44 He handed 'em back and ast for my naturalization papers.

1916 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 231/1 Most of the questions arising under the naturalization laws have had reference to the duty of the United States to extricate its newly made citizens from difficulties..in other countries.

1988 ‘R. Deacon’ Spyclopaedia 117 Once he obtained naturalization as a British subject, Lincoln was adopted as Liberal candidate for Darlington in 1909.

1995 Internat. Migration Rev. 29 232 The nationality laws and naturalization procedures of each country.

a. The admission, assimilation, or adoption of foreign words, beliefs, arts, practices, etc., into general use or favour.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > liking for or sympathy with other nations > [noun] > admission of foreign words, beliefs, etc.

endenizing1643

naturalization1747

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > action or fact of accustoming > by adaptation to circumstances > naturalization

endenizing1643

naturalization1747

1747 S. Johnson Plan Dict. 6 This naturalization is produced..by admission into common speech in some metaphorical signification.

1754 Ld. Chesterfield in World 28 Nov. 601 The time for discrimination seems now to have come. Toleration, adoption and naturalization [of words] have run their lengths.

1843 Proc. Philol. Soc. (1844) 1 125 They are also accompanied by many compounds and derivatives, which is commonly regarded as a proof of long naturalization.

1876 L. Stephen Hist. Eng. Thought 18th Cent. I. ii. 33 The Cartesian philosophy failed to find complete naturalization.

1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. I. iv. 538 The naturalisation of the opera in England.

1926 H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage 370/2 The slowness with which the naturalization of the words [naïve, naïveté, etc.] has proceeded is curious & regrettable.

1992 D. D. Nelson Word in Black & White vi. 125 Another aspect of the aesthetic value of the scene..lies in..its naturalization of certain kinds of social relationships.

2001 R. P. Stockwell & D. Minkova Eng. Words (2003) iii. 42 An important aspect of the process of borrowing during these two centuries was the naturalization of a great many affixes from Latin.

b. The introduction of a plant or animal to a place where it is not indigenous, but where it can thrive and reproduce freely; (also) the process by which such a plant or animal subsequently becomes established.Formerly a deliberate action, and still often so with plants. With animals now usually an accidental occurrence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [noun] > introduction or spread to new areas

peregrination1670

naturalization1830

colonization1863

cosmopolitanization1889

invasion1905

1830 Lady Morgan France 1829–30 II. 487 Having thus determined that these animals throve..in a climate..much colder than France,..he resolved to attempt their naturalization in his own country.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species iv. 114 The naturalisation of plants through man's agency in foreign lands.

1895 Oracle Encycl. I. 528/1 [He] laboured successfully for the naturalisation of British salmon in Colonial waters.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 120/2 The most important case of naturalization of fish is..the establishment of some Salmonidae in Tasmania and New Zealand.

1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) i. 19 The history of rabbit colonisation in New Zealand is worth recalling in this connection since the Naturalisation Societies repeatedly introduced large batches of these animals.

1993 Horticulture Oct. 62/2 The heath aster (A. ericoides) is a shoo-in for naturalization and the native prairie garden.

3. gen. The action of making natural. rare.

ΚΠ

1899 A. M. Fairbairn Catholicism ix. 423 He did not describe the process with Harnack as the secularization of the Church or with Sohm as its naturalization.

1967 Computer Group News Jan. 8/2 One approach is naturalization—designing the programming language to look more like some ‘natural’ language, say English.

1988 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 11 71 The process of an increasing naturalization of social codes and signs signifying positions regarding property, gender, power and nature is illustrated..in the section on outdoor conversation pieces.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	naturalization
释义	naturalizationn. Brit. /ˌnatʃ(ə)rəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /ˌnatʃ(ə)rl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˈˌnætʃ(ə)rələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˈˌnætʃ(ə)rəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: see naturalize v. and -ation suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: naturalize v., -ation suffix. Etymology: < naturalize v. + -ation suffix. Compare Middle French, French naturalisation (late 16th cent.). 1. Originally Scottish. The action of admitting a foreigner or immigrant to the position and rights of citizenship, or of investing with the privileges of a native-born subject; the fact of being so admitted or invested. Also in extended use. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > national of a country > [noun] > naturalization naturalization1558 legitimation1579 society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > status or rights of being a citizen > position or rights of native-born > granting naturalization1558 endenization1579 naturalizing1606 endenizing1643 1558 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 504/1 The act anent the naturalization of Scottismen in France and of the Franchemen in Scotland. 1578 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 693 All respettis, remissionis, tutoreis datives and naturalizationis. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 190 Certaine Iesuits..obtayning the fauour of certaine gouernors, obtained a priuiledge of naturalization. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 442 Those of Flanders..are not bound to take Letters of Naturalization to dwell in this Kingdome. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. x. 234 Many Scotch..either by Naturalizations or Transmigrations have increased the Inhabitants of this Island. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 13. ⁋4 Our late act of naturalization hath had so great an effect in foreign parts [etc.]. 1747 Gentleman's Mag. May 232/2 Tho' the naturalization bill was drop'd, no other was brought in to answer the same good purposes. 1798 Deb. Congr. U.S. 1 May (1851) II. 1566 The Committee for the Protection of Commerce and the Defence of the Country..were instructed to inquire and report whether any and what alterations were necessary in the naturalization act. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 339/1 The most effectual method of naturalizing an alien is by Act of Parliament, called a Naturalization Bill. 1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland xvii. 390 They claimed and obtained letters of naturalisation. 1895 Handbk. Salvador (Bull. Bureau Amer. Republics No. 58) 79 Salvadorians are such either by birth or naturalization. 1900 S. Handsaker in Pioneer Life 44 He handed 'em back and ast for my naturalization papers. 1916 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 231/1 Most of the questions arising under the naturalization laws have had reference to the duty of the United States to extricate its newly made citizens from difficulties..in other countries. 1988 ‘R. Deacon’ Spyclopaedia 117 Once he obtained naturalization as a British subject, Lincoln was adopted as Liberal candidate for Darlington in 1909. 1995 Internat. Migration Rev. 29 232 The nationality laws and naturalization procedures of each country. 2. a. The admission, assimilation, or adoption of foreign words, beliefs, arts, practices, etc., into general use or favour. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > liking for or sympathy with other nations > [noun] > admission of foreign words, beliefs, etc. endenizing1643 naturalization1747 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > action or fact of accustoming > by adaptation to circumstances > naturalization endenizing1643 naturalization1747 1747 S. Johnson Plan Dict. 6 This naturalization is produced..by admission into common speech in some metaphorical signification. 1754 Ld. Chesterfield in World 28 Nov. 601 The time for discrimination seems now to have come. Toleration, adoption and naturalization [of words] have run their lengths. 1843 Proc. Philol. Soc. (1844) 1 125 They are also accompanied by many compounds and derivatives, which is commonly regarded as a proof of long naturalization. 1876 L. Stephen Hist. Eng. Thought 18th Cent. I. ii. 33 The Cartesian philosophy failed to find complete naturalization. 1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. I. iv. 538 The naturalisation of the opera in England. 1926 H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage 370/2 The slowness with which the naturalization of the words [naïve, naïveté, etc.] has proceeded is curious & regrettable. 1992 D. D. Nelson Word in Black & White vi. 125 Another aspect of the aesthetic value of the scene..lies in..its naturalization of certain kinds of social relationships. 2001 R. P. Stockwell & D. Minkova Eng. Words (2003) iii. 42 An important aspect of the process of borrowing during these two centuries was the naturalization of a great many affixes from Latin. b. The introduction of a plant or animal to a place where it is not indigenous, but where it can thrive and reproduce freely; (also) the process by which such a plant or animal subsequently becomes established.Formerly a deliberate action, and still often so with plants. With animals now usually an accidental occurrence. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [noun] > introduction or spread to new areas peregrination1670 naturalization1830 colonization1863 cosmopolitanization1889 invasion1905 1830 Lady Morgan France 1829–30 II. 487 Having thus determined that these animals throve..in a climate..much colder than France,..he resolved to attempt their naturalization in his own country. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species iv. 114 The naturalisation of plants through man's agency in foreign lands. 1895 Oracle Encycl. I. 528/1 [He] laboured successfully for the naturalisation of British salmon in Colonial waters. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 120/2 The most important case of naturalization of fish is..the establishment of some Salmonidae in Tasmania and New Zealand. 1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) i. 19 The history of rabbit colonisation in New Zealand is worth recalling in this connection since the Naturalisation Societies repeatedly introduced large batches of these animals. 1993 Horticulture Oct. 62/2 The heath aster (A. ericoides) is a shoo-in for naturalization and the native prairie garden. 3. gen. The action of making natural. rare. ΚΠ 1899 A. M. Fairbairn Catholicism ix. 423 He did not describe the process with Harnack as the secularization of the Church or with Sohm as its naturalization. 1967 Computer Group News Jan. 8/2 One approach is naturalization—designing the programming language to look more like some ‘natural’ language, say English. 1988 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 11 71 The process of an increasing naturalization of social codes and signs signifying positions regarding property, gender, power and nature is illustrated..in the section on outdoor conversation pieces. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1558
随便看	dent corn dental dental apparatus dental arch dental cavity dental chair dental chisel dental clinic dental crest dental dam dental drill dental file dental floss dental forceps dental formula dental hammer dental hygiene dental hygienist dental implant dental mechanic dental moulder dental nurse dental nursing dental papilla dental plaque