natural languagen.

Brit.

/ˌnatʃ(ə)rəl ˈlaŋɡwɪdʒ/,

/ˌnatʃ(ə)rl̩ ˈlaŋɡwɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˌnætʃər(ə)l ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/,

/ˌnætʃr(ə)l ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

Forms: see natural adj. and adv. and language n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: natural adj., language n.

Etymology: < natural adj. + language n. Compare post-classical Latin verba naturalia native words (5th cent.), lingua naturalis native tongue (8th cent. in a British source).

1. A person's native language, a mother tongue. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language

lede-quidec1275

birth tonguea1387

mother languagea1425

mother tongue?a1425

vulgar1430

mother's languagec1443

mother's tongue1517

natural language1570

commona1616

natural1665

vernaculara1706

native1824

home language1833

first language1875

Umgangssprache1934

mameloshen1968

1570 Queen Elizabeth I in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. lvi. 615 So near a neighbour by situation, blood, natural language, and other conjunctions.

1589 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 813 Certaine wordes of the naturall language of Iaua... Sagu, bread of the Countrey.

1697 tr. Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 131 She now mixes Italian, English, and Spanish with her own natural Language.

1713 Boston News-let. 31 Aug. 2/2 (advt.) A German Servant Man, named John Copler..speaks very broken English, broken French also, Dutch is his natural Language.

1889 Lit. World 22 June 209/1 The progress of education..will enable each to divest himself of the crudities of his natural language.

a1961 L. Cohen Spice-box Earth (1967) 81 It is strange that even now prayer is my natural language.

a. A language that has evolved naturally, as distinguished from an artificial language devised for international communications or for formal logical or mathematical purposes.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > artificial or invented language

artificial language1705

natural language1774

Ziph1834

Volapük1885

Esperanto1892

pig Latin1896

pseudo-language1898

Idiom Neutral1903

auxiliary language1905

Panroman1907

universal1907

Ido1908

Mummerset1915

Interlingua1922

Reformed Neutral1922

occidental1926

interlanguage1927

world auxiliary1927

Novial1928

isotype1936

Interglossa1943

Klingon1985

leetspeak1996

leet2001

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > [noun] > natural language

natural language1774

1774 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. II. iii. xiii. 445 It may also be said to be a natural language..since it follows the order of the human mind in forming the ideas of which language is the expression.

1864 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. 2nd Ser. ii. 58 A grammatical framework..is wanted before the problem of an artificial language can be..solved. In natural languages the grammatical articulation consists either in separate particles or in modifications in the body of a word.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xxviii. 506 The political difficulty of getting any considerable number of people all over the world to study, say, Esperanto, will probably prove so great that some natural language will outstrip it.

1973 M. Dummett Frege xiii. 463 An account of the word ‘true’ as used within natural language.

1991 Eng. World-wide 12 216 It is hard to imagine any natural language that has ever been spoken in such a monolithic way, even if only varieties characterized as ‘standard’ are taken into consideration.

b. Computing. Human language, esp. when contrasted with languages designed to be used by computers. Usually attributive.

ΚΠ

1960 D. R. Swanson in Science 132 1099 (title) Searching natural language text by computer.

1963 E. A. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman Computers & Thought v. 205 Question-answering machines are computer programs that can be interrogated in natural language (with some constraints) for the answers to questions about a universe of discourse.

1978 G. Hendrix et al. (title) Developing a natural language interface to complex data.

1986 G. Johnson Machinery of Mind i. 22 Among the company's first products were programs called ‘natural language front ends’, which allow people to use English to request information from their company computers.

1990 Lit. & Ling. Computing 5 182/1 There is increasing interest in the use of nearest neighbour, or best match retrieval systems, where the user specifies just a natural language query without any logical operators.

2000 Guardian 6 July (Online section) 12/6 At the heart of v-commerce are two rapidly evolving technologies: natural language speech recognition and speaker authentication.

Compounds

natural language processing n. Computing a form of computational linguistics in which natural-language texts are processed by computer (for automatic machine translation, literary text analysis, etc.); abbreviated NLP.

ΚΠ

1965 R. F. Simmons Nat. Lang. Processing & Time-Shared Computer 3 Work on mechanical translation, on syntactic analysis systems, and on information retrieval, question-answering, and document retrieval systems have all characterized our efforts in natural language processing so far.

1972 Computers & Humanities 7 61 Prof. D. Raj Reddy offers a set of exercises in statistics, natural language processing, language translation, poetry concordance, and information retrieval to interested readers.

1994 Economist 17 Dec. 97/1 Text-summarisation programs are an example of ‘natural-language processing’ in which computers deal with information expressed in a real human language.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	natural language
释义	natural languagen. Brit. /ˌnatʃ(ə)rəl ˈlaŋɡwɪdʒ/, /ˌnatʃ(ə)rl̩ ˈlaŋɡwɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˌnætʃər(ə)l ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/, /ˌnætʃr(ə)l ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ Forms: see natural adj. and adv. and language n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: natural adj., language n. Etymology: < natural adj. + language n. Compare post-classical Latin verba naturalia native words (5th cent.), lingua naturalis native tongue (8th cent. in a British source). 1. A person's native language, a mother tongue. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language lede-quidec1275 birth tonguea1387 mother languagea1425 mother tongue?a1425 vulgar1430 mother's languagec1443 mother's tongue1517 natural language1570 commona1616 natural1665 vernaculara1706 native1824 home language1833 first language1875 Umgangssprache1934 mameloshen1968 1570 Queen Elizabeth I in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. lvi. 615 So near a neighbour by situation, blood, natural language, and other conjunctions. 1589 R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 813 Certaine wordes of the naturall language of Iaua... Sagu, bread of the Countrey. 1697 tr. Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 131 She now mixes Italian, English, and Spanish with her own natural Language. 1713 Boston News-let. 31 Aug. 2/2 (advt.) A German Servant Man, named John Copler..speaks very broken English, broken French also, Dutch is his natural Language. 1889 Lit. World 22 June 209/1 The progress of education..will enable each to divest himself of the crudities of his natural language. a1961 L. Cohen Spice-box Earth (1967) 81 It is strange that even now prayer is my natural language. 2. a. A language that has evolved naturally, as distinguished from an artificial language devised for international communications or for formal logical or mathematical purposes. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > artificial or invented language artificial language1705 natural language1774 Ziph1834 Volapük1885 Esperanto1892 pig Latin1896 pseudo-language1898 Idiom Neutral1903 auxiliary language1905 Panroman1907 universal1907 Ido1908 Mummerset1915 Interlingua1922 Reformed Neutral1922 occidental1926 interlanguage1927 world auxiliary1927 Novial1928 isotype1936 Interglossa1943 Klingon1985 leetspeak1996 leet2001 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > [noun] > natural language natural language1774 1774 Ld. Monboddo Of Origin & Progress of Lang. II. iii. xiii. 445 It may also be said to be a natural language..since it follows the order of the human mind in forming the ideas of which language is the expression. 1864 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. 2nd Ser. ii. 58 A grammatical framework..is wanted before the problem of an artificial language can be..solved. In natural languages the grammatical articulation consists either in separate particles or in modifications in the body of a word. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xxviii. 506 The political difficulty of getting any considerable number of people all over the world to study, say, Esperanto, will probably prove so great that some natural language will outstrip it. 1973 M. Dummett Frege xiii. 463 An account of the word ‘true’ as used within natural language. 1991 Eng. World-wide 12 216 It is hard to imagine any natural language that has ever been spoken in such a monolithic way, even if only varieties characterized as ‘standard’ are taken into consideration. b. Computing. Human language, esp. when contrasted with languages designed to be used by computers. Usually attributive. ΚΠ 1960 D. R. Swanson in Science 132 1099 (title) Searching natural language text by computer. 1963 E. A. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman Computers & Thought v. 205 Question-answering machines are computer programs that can be interrogated in natural language (with some constraints) for the answers to questions about a universe of discourse. 1978 G. Hendrix et al. (title) Developing a natural language interface to complex data. 1986 G. Johnson Machinery of Mind i. 22 Among the company's first products were programs called ‘natural language front ends’, which allow people to use English to request information from their company computers. 1990 Lit. & Ling. Computing 5 182/1 There is increasing interest in the use of nearest neighbour, or best match retrieval systems, where the user specifies just a natural language query without any logical operators. 2000 Guardian 6 July (Online section) 12/6 At the heart of v-commerce are two rapidly evolving technologies: natural language speech recognition and speaker authentication. Compounds natural language processing n. Computing a form of computational linguistics in which natural-language texts are processed by computer (for automatic machine translation, literary text analysis, etc.); abbreviated NLP. ΚΠ 1965 R. F. Simmons Nat. Lang. Processing & Time-Shared Computer 3 Work on mechanical translation, on syntactic analysis systems, and on information retrieval, question-answering, and document retrieval systems have all characterized our efforts in natural language processing so far. 1972 Computers & Humanities 7 61 Prof. D. Raj Reddy offers a set of exercises in statistics, natural language processing, language translation, poetry concordance, and information retrieval to interested readers. 1994 Economist 17 Dec. 97/1 Text-summarisation programs are an example of ‘natural-language processing’ in which computers deal with information expressed in a real human language. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1570
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