Negron.adj.
/ˈniːɡrəʊ/, U.S. /ˈniɡroʊ/ A. n.† 2. Australian. An Aboriginal person. Also (occasionally) New Zealand: a Maori person. Obsolete.Used in both neutral and derogatory contexts.
1. † c. to wash a Negro (white): to attempt an impossible task. Cf. to wash an Ethiop white at wash v. 3d. Obsolete.† d. In extended use: a dark or black type of animal or plant; (also) a black colour. Obsolete.† e. A creolized form of English; (also) English as used by African Americans. See also Compounds 2. Obsolete.
a. A member of a dark-skinned group of peoples originally native to sub-Saharan Africa; a person of black African origin or descent. In early use also applied to other dark-skinned peoples, esp. Moors. Cf. New Negro n., nigger n., Nigro n.The term Negro remained the standard designation throughout the 17th to 19th centuries, and was still used as a standard designation, preferred by prominent black American campaigners such as W. E. B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington, until the middle years of the 20th cent. With the rise of the Black Power movement in the 1960s, the designation black was reclaimed as an expression of racial pride and, since then, the term Negro (together with related terms such as Negress) has fallen from favour and is now typically regarded as out of date or even offensive in both British and American English. Negro is still, however, used in positive contexts as part of the names of certain organizations, particularly the United Negro College Fund, and in historical context, with reference to baseball's Negro Leagues.
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the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [noun]
AfriceOE
MoorOE
EthiopOE
blomana1225
Ethiopiana1325
blue mana1387
Moriana1387
black mana1398
blackamoor1525
black Morian1526
black boy1530
molen1538
Nigro1548
Nigrite1554
Negro1555
neger1568
nigger1577
blackfellow1598
Kaffir1607
black1614
thick-lipsa1616
Hubsheea1627
black African1633
blackface1704
sambo1704
Cuffee1713
Nigritian1738
fellow1753
Cuff1755
blacky1759
mungo1768
Quashie1774
darkie?1775
snowball1785
blue skin1788
Moriscan1794
sooterkin1821
nigc1832
tar-brush1835–40
Jim Crow1838
sooty1838
mokec1847
dinge1848
monkey1849
Siddi1849
dark1853
nigre1853
Negroid1860
kink1865
Sam1867
Rastus1882
schvartze1886
race man1896
possum1900
shine1908
jigaboo1909
smoke1913
golliwog1916
jazzbo1918
boogie1923
jig1924
melanoderm1924
spade1928
jit1931
Zulu1931
eight ball1932
Afro1942
nigra1944
spook1945
munt1948
Tom1956
boot1957
soul brother1957
nig-nog1959
member1962
pork chop1963
splib1964
blood1965
non-voter1966
moolinyan1967
Oreo1968
boogaloo1972
pongo1972
moolie1988
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 239v They are not accustomed to eate such meates as doo the Ethiopians or Negros.
1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Dial. Yron in Ioyfull Newes (new ed.) f. 149 In all Ginea the blacke people called Negros doe vse for money..certayne little snayles.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. iii. 9 The Generall threw on lande little belles, which the Negroes tooke up.
1589 R. Baker in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 138 For Niegros came aboord With weights to poise their golde so fine, yea speaking every woord In Portugesse right well.
1594 G. Peele Battell of Alcazar sig. A2v His brethren thus in fatal bed behearst, His father's brother of too light beleefe, This Negro [sc. the Moor Muly Mahamet] puts to death by proud command.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvi. 450 There is amongst them an Iland of Negro's inhabited with blacke people.
1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 99 His design being strangely discovered by a Negroe.
1682 Let. 5 Dec. in R. Law Eng. in W. Afr. (1997) I. 283 On Sunday morning the Negro's came aboard.
1716 S. Sewall Diary 22 June (1973) II. 822 I essay'd..to prevent Indians and Negros being Rated with Horses and Hogs.
1742 D. Hume Orig. Ideas in Ess. Human Understanding (1817) II. 18 A Laplander or Negro has no notion of the relish of wine.
1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity II. ix. 212 His coat of mail made his skin as black as a negroe.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 120 No mean testimony to the intellectual and moral capabilities of negroes.
1876 tr. O. Peschel Races of Man 464 Narrow and more or less high skulls are prevalent among the negroes.
1906 Harper's Weekly 2 June 763/2 Professor Booker T. Washington, being politely interrogated..as to whether negroes ought to be called ‘negroes’ or ‘members of the colored race’ has replied that it has long been his own practice to write and speak of members of his race as negroes, and when using the term ‘negro’ as a race designation, to employ the capital ‘N’.
1930 N.Y. Times 7 Mar. 22/5 (heading) ‘Negro’ is now added to the list of words to be capitalized. It is not merely a typographical change; it is an act in recognition of racial self-respect.
1968 W. D. Jordan White over Black 585 It remains hazardous..to offer summary findings as to skeletal differences between whites and Negroes.
1973 Black World May 37/2 Upon spotting the Afro-American, the Ghanaians shouted out, ‘Hey, Negro!’ The other..retorted angrily, ‘I'm a Black Man, not a Negro. Don't call me Negro.’
2000 Wasafiri Spring 24 My father, a tall negro, thin and of stern character, decided, at some imprecise moment of his life to ally himself with the white colonials.
b. spec. A slave (or enfranchised slave) of black African origin or descent, esp. in the Southern states of America prior to the Abolition of slavery in 1865. Now historical.
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1589 R. Grenville in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 734 The 5. day the foresaid gouernor, accompanied with a lusty frier, & xx. other Spaniards, with their seruants, & Negroes, came downe to the sea side.
1751 B. Franklin Observ. conc. Increase Mankind in Papers (1961) IV. 230 The Labour of Slaves can never be so cheap here as the Labour of working Men is in Britain... You will see that Labour is much cheaper there than it ever can be by Negroes here.
1755 Census of Slaves in E. B. O'Callaghan Documentary Hist. State N.-Y. 856 A list of ye Nagros in Captine Dusenber Compyny.
1782 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur Lett. from Amer. Farmer i. 18 They have..no negroes to buy and to clothe.
1831 T. Pringle in H. L. Gates Six Women's Slave Narr. (1988) 40 There is no real difference between thus compelling the return of the enfranchised negro, and trepanning a free native of England..into perpetual slavery.
1862 L. H. Minor Let. 3 May in I. Berlin et al. Free at Last (1992) 43 The soldiers employ runaway negroes to cook for the mess, clean their horses, and so forth.
1902 B. T. Washington Up from Slavery i. 14 There are many instances of Negroes tenderly caring for their former masters and mistresses who for some reason have become poor and dependent since the war.
?1941 in G. P. Rawick Amer. Slave (1972) VII. ii. 80 The Negroes had made up 'nuf money to buy her off theyself.
1994 P. O'Brian Commodore (1996) vii. 167 Extremely strong measures against the odious traffic in Negroes have been decided to be made.
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the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > attempt the impossible
to hunt for or catch a hare with a tabor1399
gnaw a file1484
to take hares with foxes1577
to seek a hare in a hen's nest1599
to wash a Negro (white)1611
to milk the bull (also he-goat, ram)1616
to lick a file1647
to set the tortoise to catch the hare1803
to look for a needle in a haystack1855
to bite file1880
1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. C2 I wash a Negro, Loosing both paines and cost.
a1677 I. Barrow Of Contentm. (1685) 250 Therefore was he put to water dry sticks, and to wash Negroes; that is,..to reform a most perverse and stubborn generation.
1754 S. Bowden Poems Var. Subj. 125 Fruitless the toil, to wash the negro white, To polish boors, or make a blockhead bright.
1858 U.S. Democratic Rev. Feb. 162 No one knew better than that brave old Commodore, that to make good sailors out of bad boys, was much like an attempt to wash a negro white.
1875 Harper's Mag. Apr. 775/2 Forbear! 'tis useless trying To wash a negro white; You can not bring the sunrise By shouting for the light.
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the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]
whalec950
tumbrelc1300
sprout1340
squame1393
codmop1466
whitefish1482
lineshark?a1500
salen1508
glaucus1509
bretcock1522
warcodling1525
razor1530
bassinatc1540
goldeney1542
smy1552
maiden1555
grail1587
whiting1587
needle1589
pintle-fish1591
goldfish1598
puffin fish1598
quap1598
stork1600
black-tail1601
ellops1601
fork-fish1601
sea-grape1601
sea-lizard1601
sea-raven1601
barne1602
plosher1602
whale-mouse1607
bowman1610
catfish1620
hog1620
kettle-fish1630
sharpa1636
carda1641
housewifea1641
roucotea1641
ox-fisha1642
sea-serpent1646
croaker1651
alderling1655
butkin1655
shamefish1655
yard1655
sea-dart1664
sea-pelican1664
Negro1666
sea-parrot1666
sea-blewling1668
sea-stickling1668
skull-fish1668
whale's guide1668
sennet1671
barracuda1678
skate-bread1681
tuck-fish1681
swallowtail1683
piaba1686
pit-fish1686
sand-creeper1686
horned hog1702
soldier1704
sea-crowa1717
bran1720
grunter1726
calcops1727
bennet1731
bonefish1734
Negro fish1735
isinglass-fish1740
orb1740
gollin1747
smelt1776
night-walker1777
water monarch1785
hardhead1792
macaw-fish1792
yellowback1796
sea-raven1797
blueback1812
stumpnose1831
flat1847
butterfish1849
croppie1856
gubbahawn1857
silt1863
silt-snapper1863
mullet-head1866
sailor1883
hogback1893
skipper1898
stocker1904
1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands 100 Also a kind of fish called Negroes [Fr. Negres] or Sea-Devils, which are large and have a black scale.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 53 The outward Skin was a perfect Negro, the Bones also being as black as Jet.
1797 Encycl. Brit. VI. 432/1 A white kidney-bean..; black negroe of the same; scarlet of the same.
1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) II. xvii. 82 The sanguine ants at length rush upon the negroes [sc. black ants].
1855 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 120 Negroes and Niggers, provincial names of the caterpillars of the turnip saw-fly.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > American English > African American English
Negro English1808
Negro1884
Black English1968
Black English Vernacular1972
Ebonics1973
African American Vernacular English1991
1704 S. Knight Jrnl. (1825) 38 You speak negro to him. I'le ask him.
1884 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 16 App. 32 Such parasynetic forms as sparrer-grass for asparagus..are common enough in Negro.
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1834 G. Bennett Wanderings New S. Wales I. 171 It is probable that the negroes of New Holland have extended into the Australian continent, by New Guinea and the eastern islands, and that the migration has been made from the coast of Africa.
1859 J. D. Mereweather Diary Working Clergyman 107 This district is thinly populated by innumerable small tribes of blacks, whom some call Malays, others Australian negroes.
1862 J. C. Richmond Let. 4 Dec. in Richmond-Atkinson Papers (1960) I. 807 If we cannot keep the negroes in order it would be most cheerful to clear out and try to get a bit reunited.
1878 R. B. Smyth Aborigines Victoria I. 245 The Jardines, on their overland expedition from Rockhampton to Cape York, found ‘at a native fire the fresh remains of a negro roasted’.
B. adj. (attributive).† 5. In extended use: black or dark in colour. Obsolete.Negro ant, etc.: see Compounds 3.
1. Belonging to a dark-skinned group of peoples originally native to sub-Saharan Africa. Formerly frequently with implication of being a slave. In early use also more generally: †dark-skinned (obsolete).
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the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective]
blackOE
Morian1504
African1548
Negro1593
black Morian1631
neger1657
Ethiopian1684
nigger1689
Hubshee1698
Kaffir1731
Nigritian1757
Ethiopic1778
dingy1785
blackamoor1813
nigger-looking1837
darkie1840
Negroid1844
Negroloid1844
dinge1848
Melanian1861
negroish1861
Negroidal1878
Africanoid1885
chocolate?1886
melanodermic1924
nigra1938
tan1950
1593 G. Peele Famous Chron. King Edward the First sig. E (stage direct.) Queene Elinor in hir litter borne by foure Negro Mores.
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. 978 I departed..with two Negro Boyes that I had.
1686 London Gaz. No. 2177/4 A black Negro Man about 30 years of age.
1716 Boston News-let. 26 Nov. 2/2 A Very likely Negro Lad, aged about Fifteen Years, to be Sold by Messieurs Whitemore and Millard.
1761 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 145 A negroe man..attacked a negroe wench..and would have killed a negroe boy.
1832 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 892 My shame and my negro-slave inward humiliation.
1858 E. Twining Short Lect. Plants i. 10 The negro women working in the hot cotton plantations.
1894 ‘M. Twain’ Pudd'nhead Wilson v. 75 Two negro men entered, each carrying a trunk.
1918 W. Cather My Ántonia ii. vii. 206 Blind d'Arnault, the negro pianist, came to town.
1969 Year Bk. 1968 210/2 The leading negro athletes knew that their absence would serve little useful purpose.
1984 V. S. Naipaul Finding Centre i. 18 He wasn't negro or mulatto... He was a Port of Spain Indian.
2. Of a society, etc.: consisting or composed of people of sub-Saharan African origin or descent.
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the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective] > consisting or composed of
Negro1652
all-black1904
1652 J. Tatham To Brome in R. Brome Joviall Crew sig. A4v Ingratefull Negro-kinde.
1784 E. Allen Reason xi. §2. 374 The acquaintance, which we have had with the negroe nation..evinces the absurdity of supposing them to be of the same blood and kindred with ourselves.
1842 J. C. Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 350 The Pelagian Negro races have been supposed to reach eastward as far as..the Fejee Islands.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar iv. 33 The Negro tribes have never extended north of the Sahara.
1904 McClure's Mag. Mar. 549/1 [It is a] singular fact that two sections of the same race, with..the same historical relation to the Negro race, should regard so vital a question from such opposite points.
1950 Sat. Evening Post 20 May 152/1 If any individual group or segment of Negro society uses the advancement of Jackie Robinson in baseball..as a triumph of race over race, I will curse the day I..signed him.
1991 N.Y. Times 10 Nov. i. 58/5 Little information is readily available on the Negro Leagues, the teams on which blacks played from the 1920's through the late 50's before they could enter the major leagues.
3. Of, belonging to, connected with, or characteristic of a black person; spec. (a) designating hard-wearing, durable clothes and fabrics, originally intended or designed to be worn or used by slaves, as Negro cloth, Negro cotton, Negro shirting, Negro shoe, etc. (now historical); (b) designating an art form, architecture, etc., associated with or characteristic of an African or of African-American culture.
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the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective] > relating to
Moresco?1551
blacka1652
Negro1653
negroish1746
niggerish1825
darkie1839
dinge1848
niggery1855
Negrotic1863
negritic1870
Nigritic1889
melanoderm1926
soul1960
Nubian1971
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric for specific purpose > [noun] > for clothing > for clothing for specific people
shepherd's greyc1640
Negro cloth1653
parish blue1830
negro felt1847
nigger cloth1857
stuff1889
1653 Severall Proc. State Affairs 10–17 Nov. ccxvi. 3414 A List of the lading of the five Dutch East India Ships..8 Packs of Negroes cloath.
1661 E. Hickeringill Jamaica 31 The inclosed shell [of the cocoa-nut], whose Negro-skull is not easily broke.
1732 S.-Carolina Gaz. 27 May 4/1 Stolen on the 23d of May last, from the house of Mr. John Bruce in Charlestown. an old Ebo Negro Man..had on a blue Negro Cloth Frock, and new Oznaburgh Trowsers.
1770 Carroll Papers in Maryland Hist. Mag. 13 69 24 Pair of negro shoes.
1803 Deb. Congr. U.S. 10 Jan. 349 Oznaburgs..kerseys, negro cottons, flannel [etc.].
1844 J. Cowell Thirty Years among Players 66 [Blakeley] was the first to introduce negro singing on the American stage.
1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 699/1 The sentiment of..these negro melodies.
1893 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 335/1 The boots and shoes, the negro cloth, the woolens, and the cotton cards made in New England, were carried by wagon to Richmond and Augusta.
1912 Chambers's Jrnl. Jan. 23/1 Negro songs have always been popular among us, and deservedly so.
1925 W. S. Braithwaite in A. Locke New Negro 39 It was the stirring year of 1917 that heard the first real masterful accent in Negro poetry.
1965 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 31 83 According to Downing, ‘Negro cloth’ (called cassinette in the Northern market), linsey and satinette best suited the Mississippi cotton planters.
2001 fRoots Oct. 90/1 There's an international music coming out;..it has Latin and blues and jazz flavours, Anglo-Saxon church music, Negro church music.
4.
a. Occupied or inhabited by people of sub-Saharan origin or descent.Recorded earliest in Negro ship n. at Compounds 3.
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the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective] > inhabited by
Negro1658
nigger1689
1658 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica (ed. 3) ii. i. 42 The softer veines of Chrystal remain indissolvable in scorching territories, and the Negro land of Congor.
1670 C. Helyar Let. 24 Sept. in William & Mary Q. 21 (1964) 63 Since my last here arrived a Negro ship, but the Negroes were so sickly that I was loath to meddle with them.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 93 We met with a little Negroe Town.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 628 The European nations..[have] encouraged in the Negroe countries, wars, rapine,..and murder.
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 62 The slaves of the Arabs are mostly from Abyssinia and the Negro countries.
1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 1352/2 Here the true Negro area..is exceedingly small.
1906 L. L. Bell Carolina Lee 62 In her imagination the rows upon rows of negro cabins were rebuilt and whitewashed anew.
1956 A. Ginsberg Howl & Other Poems 9 I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness.., dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix.
1999 J. Burchill Married Alive i. 15 That's the Negro quarter of Bristol's fair city.
b. spec. Designating a building or accommodation inhabited by black slaves on a plantation in the Southern states of America, as Negro house, Negro hut, Negro quarters, etc. Now historical.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > quarters > quarters for slaves on plantations
quarter1724
Negro quarters1733
settlement1827
1733 S.-Carolina Gaz. 10 Feb. 4/1 To be Sold..a Plantation..good Pasture, Barn, Negro Houses, &c.
1734 New York Gaz. 18–25 Mar. 1/1 Thomas L——d keeps at some Miles distance from his dwelling House, Negro-Quarters (as they are called).
1755 Gentleman's Mag. June 258/2 To a dwelling house, barn, stable, overseer's house, negro huts, &c. 1000.
1813 E. Gerry Diary 26 June (1927) 144 Mr. Carrol has 1000 slaves, whose huts, called negro quarters, constitute a small town around the mansion.
1844 Southern Literary Messenger 10 270 Suppose him as free as any other savage of Dahomy and Osgabtee and suddenly transported into a slave hut in Martinique, or a negro house on the banks of the Santee or the Savannah!
1895 G. King New Orleans 258 The electric car of today speeds through the cane-fields, negro quarters,..and pastures of these old plantations.
1913 W. P. Eaton Barn Doors & Byways 167 The old foundation stones show that the house was once one hundred and ten feet long, with a gigantic kitchen and outstanding negro quarters.
1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 20 Jan. 1 It's a settlement consisting of this sensible house, the disused chocolate-brown store in its yard, and the Negro houses sprinkled in view around it.
1995 Kansas City (Missouri) Star 25 Feb. e2/2 If it wasn't for her clothing..15 year old Sage Kimbrough just might have been able to convince her classmates that she was an 18th-century visitor from Great Britain appalled at the conditions of African slaves. ‘We entered some Negro huts for their habitations cannot be called housing,’ she told a group of surprised students.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > [adjective]
blackeOE
blokec1200
neger?c1425
sable1470
black-coloured1528
sable-coloured1596
ebon1607
Ethiopa1616
torrid1634
atred1654
pullous1698
nigricant1772
black-butted1801
nigrific1804
Negro1816
nigritudinous1851
nigrine1885
1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1818) II. xvii. 85 Thirty of the rufescent ants..with the addition of several negro pupæ.
1864 Athenæum 10 Dec. 788 A remarkable negro variety of Abraxas grossulariata.
Compounds
C1. Chiefly U.S.
a. General attributive and objective (in sense A. 1b).
(a) † Negro auction n. Obsolete
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society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > [noun] > auction > auction of specific things
lyth-coop1681
survey1725
book auction1769
Negro auction1833
Magic Million1986
1833 Portland (Maine) Weekly Advertiser 15 Apr. These negro auctions are becoming very common... I have lost all of the horror I first felt in witnessing the sale at Richmond.
1848 Cleveland (Ohio) Daily Plain Dealer 28 Aug. The candidate they in their purity select, spends the day in the negro auctions, examining the limbs and trying the soundness of his purchases.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 31 This must not be taken as an indication that negro auctions are not of frequent occurrence.
1911 W. E. Dodd Statesmen of Old South 96 Years ago..he had attended a negro auction and bought a likely negro man.
Negro equality n. now historical
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society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > equality > specific race
Negro equality1839
1839 N. Carolina Standard 10 July It was but the year before that the State had been agitated by the Missouri question, and advocates of negro equality were not wanting.
1851 De Bow's Rev. Dec. 630 The advocates of negro equality in the North were challenged to admit the negro to full participation in government.
1905 N. Davis Northerner 52 You think I might be nice to Mr. Falls, negro equality and all?
1977 S. B. Oates With Malice toward None v. 158 As he [sc. Lincoln]'d repeatedly argued, Negro equality was not the issue between him and Douglas.
1982 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 67 178 Whites, motivated by racism and an unwillingness to accept even a semblance of Negro equality, segregated and isolated the black community through legal means, violence and economics.
Negro hate n.
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1846 Green-Mountain Freeman (Montpelier, Vermont) 19 Feb. The truth is, the people know nothing of the republican negro hate prevalent in our glorious land.
1885 F. Douglass in Amer. Missionary 164 Of all the forms of negro hate in the world, save me from that one which clothes itself with the name of the loving Jesus.
1948 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 11 65/1 Negro hate and economics, politics and hate, reason and prejudice, all are conjoined.
Negro question n.
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society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > problem or debate concerning
Negro question1801
Jewish question1821
Jewish problem1846
1801 T. Coxe Let. 15 Mar. in T. Jefferson Papers (2006) XXXIII. 300 The present inclosure will contain the fullest discussion of the Negro question, which I have yet seen.
1832 Reg. Deb. Congress U.S. 2 Apr. 2348 The South must be threatened with the negro question.
1868 Putnam's Mag. Sept. 376/1 The approaching election..can hardly dispose of the negro-question, which must continue to agitate the country until the colored race shall have risen to a higher intellectual and social postion than they now occupy.
1949 Time 31 Oct. 84/3 The South gradually transformed ‘the Negro-question’ into a fanatical folk bias, coloring its segregated religion, its sex attitudes, its every moment in life.
1990 V. Ripp Pizza in Pushkin Square i. 43 Lenin put ‘The Negro Question’ on the agenda of the 1920 Comintern meeting.
Negro slavery n.
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1772 Monthly Rev. Dec. 425 In 1540 the Emperor Charles the Fifth endeavoured to stop the progress of the negro slavery.
1869 J. S. Mill Subject. Women iv. 147 Now that negro slavery has been abolished.
1991 D. McDowell in Z. N. Hurston Moses Foreword p. xi A triadic parallel between ancient Hebrew slavery, Negro slavery, and female oppression.
Negro trade n.
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1704 tr. J. Nieuhof Voy. Brasil in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. II. 47/1 They concluded the Negro-Trade to be very inconsiderable there.
1830 H. Crow Mem. 92 I have always considered the impress service as a thousand times worse than any negro trade whatever.
1966 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 51 12 Henry Laurens..was thinking in these terms when he described the Negro trade in his colony to a Barbadian firm in 1756.
(b) † Negro-monger n. Obsolete
Negro breaker n.
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1845 F. Douglass Narr. Life F. Douglass x. 73 Mr. Covey enjoyed the most unbounded reputation for being a first-rate overseer and negro-breaker.
1881 Cent. Mag. Nov. 130/2 I never did better work..on the plantation for Covey, the negro-breaker, then I did for myself in these earliest years of my freedom.
1996 Afr. Amer. Rev. 30 290 Frederick Douglass said the ‘turning point’ in his life occurred when he confronted a ‘Negro breaker’ and refused to be whipped.
Negro-catcher n.
ΚΠ
1835 Richmond (Va.) Enquirer 16 Oct. Shortly after they reached the meeting, another, a black from the city, arrived and asserted that the two strangers were spies, employed by negro catchers (slave holders) to report the whereabouts of runaway slaves to their masters.
c1891 L. A. Delaney in H. L. Gates Six Women's Slave Narr. (1988) 22 My mother finally reached Chicago, where she was arrested by the negro-catchers.
1958 O.Sherwin Prophet of Liberty xlv. 531 Five dollars a head and mileage were allowed for such Negro catchers.
Negro-dealer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in slaves
knave-seller1552
mango1602
Guinea merchant1719
slave-merchant1746
Guinea-man1756
Guinea trader1756
soul driver1774
Negro-dealer1799
slave-trader1813
nigger jockey1838
Negro-hunter1839
slaver1842
fleshmonger1845
man-dealer1860
blackbirder1876
1799 Hull Advertiser 7 Sept. 4/1 He took him to one of the negro-dealers, who..advanced eighty pounds.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 30 The negro-dealers had confidential servants always in attendance.
1997 M. M. Sale Slumbering Volcano 225 The garments would be bartered for food and drink, and thereby fall into the hands of Negro dealers who would know how to distribute them.
Negro-driver n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > superintendent > supervisor or overseer > of slaves
driver1755
Negro-driver1771
nigger-driver1833
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 117 I have known a negro-driver, from Jamacia, pay..sixty-five guineas.
1862 N.Y. Tribune 13 Jan. 7/2 The Commissary Department on the works..is in the hands of John Hazan, the negro-driver.
1949 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 34 477 On their plantations in these islands they [sc. black slaves] were usually subjected to absentee control through an overseer assisted sometimes by a Negro driver.
1973 A. Dundes Mother Wit 230 Individuals who speculated in the purchase and sale of slaves were called ‘Negro-drivers’ or ‘soul-drivers’.
Negro-holder n.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > master of slaves
patrona1665
patroon1671
Negro-holder1780
slave-master1822
slave-master1822
old master1845
1780 J. Jones Let. 18 Nov. (1889) 47 The negro holders in general already clamour against the project.
1864 Continental Monthly Aug. 193/2 What a stinging example of time's revenges, to be sure, that negroes should have a part in bringing to nought the rebellion of the negro-holders!
1957 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 23 526 The large Negro-holders would speak of the glories of disunion, but James thought they were misinformed and motivated by selfishness.
Negro-hunter n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trader > traders or dealers in specific articles > [noun] > in slaves
knave-seller1552
mango1602
Guinea merchant1719
slave-merchant1746
Guinea-man1756
Guinea trader1756
soul driver1774
Negro-dealer1799
slave-trader1813
nigger jockey1838
Negro-hunter1839
slaver1842
fleshmonger1845
man-dealer1860
blackbirder1876
1839 Voice of Freedom (Vermont Anti-Slavery Soc.) 27 Apr. It is said of a Vermont judge, that when a man appeared before him with an alleged claim upon the soul and body of a black man, he inquired of the claimant if he could produce a bill of sale from the Almighty to support his claim. This the negro hunter did not misunderstand.
1853 H. B. Stowe Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin 130/2 Where there are negro-hunters advertising in a paper, there are also negro-hunts.
1883 A. Pinkerton Spy of Rebellion xxix. 436 Dan McCowan was a man who for years had pursued the detestable calling of negro-hunter.
1957 Amer. Q. 9 145 He meets murderous thieves, a treacherous fog, Negro-hunters and a steamboat.
ΚΠ
1741 T. Jones Let. 1 July in Colonial Rec. Georgia (1906) IV. 678 This exposes them to the Envy and Hatred of our Negro-Mongers.
Negro-stealer n.
ΚΠ
1822 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 13 July 3/1 A reward..for the apprehension of James T. Williams, the negro-stealer, who escaped from the custody of those who were conveying him from Georgia..for trial.
1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxix. 331 This was a colossal combination of robbers, horse-thieves, negro-stealers, and counterfeiters.
1950 Amer. Lit. 22 54 Mr. Howe has particularly aroused their desire for vengeance by his activities against the Negro-stealers, among whom the two have been active.
Negro trader n.
ΚΠ
1732 in Rhode Island Hist. Soc. Coll. (1923) 16 108 4 Negro Traders then on board.
1850 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. June vii. 511 It is a fact that these gentlemen (?) dislike to be known to the world as Negro Traders when they retire from that pursuit.
1934 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 21 340 Negro traders visited Nancy, the mother, and through a ruse secured the papers and destroyed them.
Negro-worship n. now historical and rare
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > kinds of worship > [noun] > of black people
Negro-worship1857
negrolatry1862
1857 Deb. & Proc. Minnesota Constit. Convent. 496 We see it in Wisconsin, in Iowa, and in all those States where popular excitement in reference to negro-worship and disunion has had its effect.
1861 Illustr. London News 17 Aug. 152/2 The damnable heresy of ‘negro-worship’.
2002 T. D. Aamodt Righteous Armies, Holy Cause iii. 50 The topmost stone, ‘Negro Worship’, the explanation for the primitive savagery displayed by the North.
(c) † Negro-breaking n. and adj. Obsolete† Negro-driving adj. and n. Obsolete
Negro-baiting n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1891 Evening Jrnl. (Wilmington, Delaware) 7 Dec. The editors of the South tried to defend the negro-baiting policy there as the news is attempting to defend Captain Mitchell and his negro mob here.
1937 Pacific Affairs 10 301 Negro baiting remains the most popular and effective device in political campaigns.
1951 A. Koestler Age of Longing x. 183 You are a Negro-baiting, half-civilised nation.
1990 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 56 476 A four-day riot in 1906, the result in considerable measure of Negro-baiting by the city's press, left 25 blacks dead and 150 seriously injured.
ΚΠ
1855 F. Douglass My Bondage & my Freedom xv. 216 His proficiency in the art of negro breaking.
1929 C. McKay Banjo 146 A big campaign of propaganda was on against them [sc. French black troops], backed by German-Americans, Negro-breaking Southerners, and your English liberals and socialists.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > person in control > [adjective] > relating to overseer of slaves
Negro-driving1798
1798 Speech John Allen House of Representatives 13 Giles (the negro-driving Gentleman of Virginia) aided him in the operation.
1807 Epics Ton ii. 249 The disbanded subalterns will find great encouragement as overseers of West India plantations, being already thoroughly versed in the whole business of negro-driving.
1826 W. Scott Jrnl. 8 Feb. (1939) 94 The true negroe-driving principle of self-interest.
1856 J. G. Whittier Panorama in Poet. Wks. (1894) III. 198 Mingling the negro-driving bully's rant With pious phrase and democratic cant.
Negro stealing n.
ΚΠ
1819 Niles' Reg. 16 160/1 Sentence of death has been pronounced on a fellow in North Carolina, for negro stealing.
1897 Harper's Mag. Jan. 305/1 When his time was up he came out [sc. of prison] with a new determination. It was to go in for negro-stealing, as being much more profitable and very much less risky than the horse-stealing which had brought him to grief.
1963 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 48 172 British officers during the Revolution had a big part in promoting this Negro stealing: they got Indians, who sided with the British cause, to rob rebel slaveholders.
Negro whipping n.
ΚΠ
1845 W. Youatt Dog v. 113 You..find that your dogs do not want this unmerciful negro-whipping.
1864 S. R. Curtis Let. 13 Mar. in Official Rec. Union & Confederate Navies War of Rebellion (U.S. Naval War Rec. Office) (1891) 1st Ser. XXXIV. ii. 588 On both sides it is far better that troops unconnected with old border difficulties and negro catching and negro whipping should be substituted for such miserable wretches as those who disgrace their uniform and humanity by acts of cruelty and baseness.
1935 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 20 323 Negro hunting, Negro catching, Negro watching and Negro whipping constituted the greatest sport for many youthful whites.
b.
(a) Instrumental.
Negro-owned adj.
ΚΠ
1879 G. Campbell White & Black in U.S. 154 The negro-owned lands are not now much increasing.
1926 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 11 557 It has only been about thirty years since either the State or National Government began to gather and publish separate statistics of Negro-owned land.
1989 Amer. Q. 41 25 With the exception of Negro-owned Black Swan Records, white recording companies like Paramount, Columbia, Okey and Victor were the ones to produce special lines for the Negro market.
(b) Similative.
Negro-rank adj.
ΚΠ
1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 195 He entered his novitiate to the true wilderness..with Sam beside him, the two of them wrapped in the damp, warm, negro-rank quilt.
Negro-stale adj.
ΚΠ
1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 199 It all seemed to stand there about them, intact and complete and visible in the drafty, damp, heatless, negro-stale negro-rank sorry room.
C2. attributive. Designating a creolized form of a language.
Negro Dutch n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1861 Index Catal. Bks. Public Libr. Boston 434 Negro-Dutch dialect.
1961 D. Taylor in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. (1968) 608 Negro Dutch (formerly spoken in the Virgin Islands but probably now extinct).
1977 Jrnl. Black Stud. 7 391 The missionaries translated the New Testament and wrote primers in Negro Dutch Creole..which action, it is observed, gave to the blacks a sense of dignity hitherto unknown.
Negro English n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > American English > African American English
Negro English1808
Negro1884
Black English1968
Black English Vernacular1972
Ebonics1973
African American Vernacular English1991
1808 T. Ashe Trav. Amer. 1806 79 The husband..had lived long enough in Virginia to pick up some Negro-English.
1862 ‘E. Kirke’ Among Pines 132 Not to weary the reader with a long repetition of negro-English, I will tell in brief what I gleaned from an hour's conversation with the two blacks.
1937 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 6 645 The language spoken is taki-taki, or Negro English, except among the Saramacca tribe of Bush Negroes whose language is Negro Portuguese.
1991 P. Sweeney Virgin Directory World Music 216 Songs which begin in English, and move through Surinam creole known as Negro English or Taki Taki to end in Hindi.
Negro-French n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > French > varieties of
Gascon1642
Walloon1642
langue d'oïla1682
Limousin1706
Picard1758
Scottish-French1789
Negro-French1819
Poitevin1845
Acadian French1850
Anglo-French1862
Swiss-French1941
Québécois1952
Lyonnais1955
Norman French1990
1819 R. L. Mason Narr. in Pioneer West (1915) 56 Negro-French is the common language of this town.
1825 Let. 31 Jan. in E. E. Williams Documents Brit. W. Indian Hist. 1807–33 (1952) 39 The planters..are..entirely ignorant of the English language... Many are coloured creoles..using what may be termed the patois, or negro French.
1852 C. W. Day Five Years' Resid. W. Indies II. i. 22 Negro French is unintelligible even to a Frenchman.
1932 W. L. Graff Lang. & Langs. 436 As a result of European trade a number of creolized trade languages have developed along the Atlantic Coast. They are chiefly Negro-Portuguese, Negro-English, and Negro-French.
Negro-Portuguese n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > postulated Italo-Celtic > Romance > Portuguese > spoken by black people
Negro-Portuguese1847
1847 J. H. Ingraham Paul Perril II. ix. 31 I now approached her and asked her if they [sc. eggs] were for sale. ‘Si, Senyah,’ she answered. ‘How much a dozen?’ ‘Kart real,’ she answered, in her negro Portuguese. Four reals, which is half a dollar.
1932 W. L. Graff Lang. & Langs. 436 As a result of European trade a number of creolized trade languages have developed along the Atlantic Coast. They are chiefly Negro-Portuguese, Negro-English, and Negro-French.
1971 J. Spencer Eng. Lang. W. Afr. 9 A pidginised form of Portuguese (often referred to as Negro-Portuguese).
C3. † Negro-bat n. Obsolete rare a black or blackish-brown pipistrelle, Pipistrellus savii, of Mediterranean Europe, North Africa, and Asia.† Negro-cachexy n. Obsolete rare the eating of soil (as a form of pica); geophagy.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.† Negro-corn n. Obsolete rare the grain sorghum of Africa and India; = durra n.† Negro country yam n. Obsolete = Negro yam n.† negro dog n. U.S. Obsolete a dog used to hunt runaway slaves in the American slave states.† negro felt n. Obsolete rare a kind of felt.† Negro fish n. Obsolete rare a black form of sea perch.† Negro fly n. Obsolete rare the carrot fly, Psila rosae.† Negro fowl n. Obsolete a small variety of domestic fowl having black pigmentation of the skin and soft, fluffy plumage; a silkie.† Negro monkey n. Obsolete the dusky leaf monkey, Presbytis obscura (family Cercopithecidae), of South-East Asia.† Negro-oil n. Obsolete rare a palm tree.† Negro's head n. Obsolete (a) a tropical American palm, Phytelephas macrocarpa, the fruit of which is a source of vegetable ivory; (b) Nautical slang a brown loaf (rare).Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.† Negro's olive-tree n. Obsolete rare the myrobalan tree Terminalia chebula.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.† Negro State n. Obsolete = slave state n. at slave n.1 and adj.1 Compounds 5.
Negro ant n. now rare a dull black ant, Formica fusca.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > family Formicidae or genus Formica > formica fusca (common black ant)
Negro ant1816
1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. II. xvii. 96 I observed the little negro ant (F. fusca) engaged in the same employment upon an elder.
1932 E. Step Bees, Wasps, Ants & Allied Insects 167 The negro Ant..is not much more than half the size of F. sanguinea, dark brown in colour.
1968 J. Burton Oxf. Bk. Insects 152/2 Negro ant (Formica fusca). A black, fast-moving, medium-sized ant, abundant over much of the British Isles.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous type of
blude-black1647
music-stamper1713
red bat1775
Geoffroy's bat1829
reddish-grey bat1837
notch-eared bat1840
pachyote1865
notched-eared bat1871
valve-tailed bat1871
Negro-bat1885
1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i Negro-bat, Vesperugo maurus, a vespertilionine bat, with an extremely wide geographical range.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating specific substances or food > [noun] > eating dirt
Negro-cachexy1820
rhypophagy1881
1820 R. Hooper Med. Lex. (ed. 4) 587/2 Negro cachexy,..a propensity for eating earth, peculiar to males as well as females, in the West Indies and Africa.
negro car n. U.S. (now historical) = Jim Crow car at Jim Crow n.1 Compounds 1.
ΚΠ
1842 N.Y. Herald 7 Nov. 1/4 In the negro car belonging to the train in which we made this journey, were another and her children who had just been purchased.
1890 New Eng. Mag. Jan. 525/1 The young planter bought Savannah tickets for himself and for his slave, who was safely stowed away in the negro car, and then took a seat in the comfortable accommodations for white people.
1956 Amer. Q. 8 62 Masschusetts has come to have the dubious distinction of first using the term [sc. ‘Jim Crow’] with reference to a segregated Negro car.
Negro coffee n. the tropical shrub Cassia occidentalis (family Caesalpiniaceae ( Leguminosae)); (also) a coffee substitute made from its seeds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [noun] > coffee-bean
coffee1626
coffee-berry1662
coffee-bean1688
berry1712
Java bean1868
Negro coffee1887
1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 330 Negro Coffee, L'herbe puante. Fedigose seeds of Tette.
1963 V. E. Graham Trop. Wild Flowers 44 Cassia occidentalis, Negro Coffee.., is a common herb, often woody at the base, with smooth pointed leaflets and not very showy pale yellow flowers, followed by pods which are long and slightly flattened.
1974 G. Usher Dict. Plants used by Man 129/2 C. occidentalis L., the seeds are used as a coffee substitute (Mogdad Coffee, Negro Coffee).
1980 Maledicta 1979 3 167 Negro coffee, coffee senna.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > millet
millet?a1425
mill-seed1548
millet seed1567
couscous1596
dew-grass1597
Turkey hirse1597
Turkey mill1597
Turkey millet1597
milly1600
espauta1682
durra1803
Negro-corn1858
dari1892
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > millet > Indian millet
Turkey hirse1597
Turkey mill1597
Turkey millet1597
Negro-corn1858
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 258/2 Negro-corn, a West Indian name for the Turkish millet or dhurra.
1871 R. Soule Dict. Eng. Synonymes 125/1 at Doura Indian millet, Guinea corn, negro-corn (Sorghum vulgare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > root vegetable > [noun] > yam
yam1657
Negro country yam1696
yampee1796
cush-cush1871
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > yam
jicama1604
yam1657
Negro country yam1696
yellow yam1836
adjigo1863
cush-cush1871
1696 H. Sloane Catal. Plantarum in Jamaica 219 Negro Country Yam.
1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 140 Negro Country Yams. This has a great Root a Foot broad... They being cut into pieces and boiled or rosted are eaten by Negros, Slaves, or Europeans, instead of Bread.
1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 789/2 Yams, Negro country: Dioscorea alata.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dogs used for specific purposes > [noun] > sporting or hunting dog > used to track people
sleuth-dog1802
police dog1836
negro dog1845
nigger dog1877
tracker dog1962
1845 in H. B. Stowe Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853) 109/1 The undersigned having bought the entire pack of Negro Dogs..he now proposes to catch runaway negroes.
1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 161 I have since seen a pack of negro-dogs, chained in couples... They were all of a breed, and in appearance between a Scotch stag-hound and a fox-hound.
1857 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1858) I. xvi. 55 Sending for packs of negro dogs from New Orleans.
1874 J. M. Simpson Emancipation Car 62 The northern States though free by name, Have negro dogs in every range.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric for specific purpose > [noun] > for clothing > for clothing for specific people
shepherd's greyc1640
Negro cloth1653
parish blue1830
negro felt1847
nigger cloth1857
stuff1889
1847 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 3) I. iii. iv. 763 Wool felts..have now materially decreased, the article termed ‘negro felts’ being almost extinct.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]
whalec950
tumbrelc1300
sprout1340
squame1393
codmop1466
whitefish1482
lineshark?a1500
salen1508
glaucus1509
bretcock1522
warcodling1525
razor1530
bassinatc1540
goldeney1542
smy1552
maiden1555
grail1587
whiting1587
needle1589
pintle-fish1591
goldfish1598
puffin fish1598
quap1598
stork1600
black-tail1601
ellops1601
fork-fish1601
sea-grape1601
sea-lizard1601
sea-raven1601
barne1602
plosher1602
whale-mouse1607
bowman1610
catfish1620
hog1620
kettle-fish1630
sharpa1636
carda1641
housewifea1641
roucotea1641
ox-fisha1642
sea-serpent1646
croaker1651
alderling1655
butkin1655
shamefish1655
yard1655
sea-dart1664
sea-pelican1664
Negro1666
sea-parrot1666
sea-blewling1668
sea-stickling1668
skull-fish1668
whale's guide1668
sennet1671
barracuda1678
skate-bread1681
tuck-fish1681
swallowtail1683
piaba1686
pit-fish1686
sand-creeper1686
horned hog1702
soldier1704
sea-crowa1717
bran1720
grunter1726
calcops1727
bennet1731
bonefish1734
Negro fish1735
isinglass-fish1740
orb1740
gollin1747
smelt1776
night-walker1777
water monarch1785
hardhead1792
macaw-fish1792
yellowback1796
sea-raven1797
blueback1812
stumpnose1831
flat1847
butterfish1849
croppie1856
gubbahawn1857
silt1863
silt-snapper1863
mullet-head1866
sailor1883
hogback1893
skipper1898
stocker1904
1735 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 316 Perca marina puncticulata. The Negro Fish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Psilidae > psila rosae (carrot fly)
Negro fly1732
carrot fly1840
1732 J. Whaley Rose & Butterfly in Coll. Poems 54 Not the piteous Negro-Fly, Nor the Dwarf-Gnat cou'd you withstand; Each vilest Insect of the Sky Your fickle Temper cou'd command.
1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Negro fly, the Psila rosæ, a dipterous insect, so named from its shining black colour. It is also called the carrot-fly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [noun] > types of
rumpkin1676
bantam1749
Jersey blue1758
Dorking1779
Plymouth Rock1806
Java1813
shack-bag1816
Negro fowl1835
creeper1847
Minorca1848
cuckoo fowl1850
Leghorn1850
Brahmapootra1851
Ancona1853
shanghai1853
Andalusian1854
Bolton bay1854
Corsican cock1854
jacinth1854
Minorca1854
spangle1854
yellow leg1854
Crèvecœur1855
sultan1855
Hamburg1857
Leghorn1857
Yokohama1865
Houdan1871
Langshan1871
Wyandot1881
sultan hen1882
silkie1885
Orpington1887
rock1889
silver-grey1889
Campine1892
Rhode Island Red1893
Faverolles1902
Rhode Island White1905
Malines1906
Rhode Island1914
Australorp1922
maranc1934
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 270/1 The Silk or Negro-fowl of the Cape de Verd Islands (Gallus Morio, Temminck).
1850 D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 81 The ‘silky’ and ‘negro’ fowls,..with skin, combs, and bones which are black.
Negro lethargy n. Medicine (now historical) African sleeping sickness (see sleeping sickness n. 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > parasitic disorders > [noun] > trypanosomiasis
sleepy sickness1803
Gambia fever1817
sleeping sickness1875
Negro lethargy1886
sleep disease1897
trypanosomiasis1902
trypanosomatosis1903
Gambian1904
Chagas' disease1912
1886 C. Creighton tr. A. Hirsch Handbk. Geogr. & Hist. Pathol. III. xix. 599 The distribution-area of negro lethargy includes a large part of the West Coast of Africa between the Senegal and the region of the Congo.
1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. xvi. 251 Negro lethargy, or the sleeping sickness of the Congo.
1912 R. A. Freeman Mystery of 31, New Inn ii. 33 The first question that confronts us is that of sleeping sickness, or negro-lethargy as it is sometimes called.
1997 R. Porter Greatest Benefit to Mankind xv. 476 Symptoms of what was known as ‘African lethargy’ or ‘Negro lethargy’ were known to Arabs and Europeans in Africa from the fourteenth century.
Negro merchant n. now historical a slave trader.
ΚΠ
1741 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 30/1 A greater slave to the Negroe-Merchant, then the Slave he bought could be to him.
1816 B. Waterhouse Jrnl. in Mag. Hist. (1911) 18 331 Exposed to the examination of some scoundrel negro merchants.
1863 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 290 If the negro merchant asked ten pieces for a slave, the European trader offered his wares divided into ten portions.
1969 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 35 176 Bill Jones, a Negro merchant in Lincoln County.
Negro minstrel n. now historical = minstrel n. 3a; see nigger minstrel n. at nigger n. and adj. Compounds 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > [noun] > black minstrel
nigger minstrel1844
Negro minstrel1853
end-man1865
corner-man1874
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > variety, etc. > performers in variety, etc. > [noun] > black minstrel
Ethiopian serenader1843
minstrel1843
Ethiopian1844
nigger minstrel1844
Christy's Minstrels1847
Negro minstrel1853
burnt-cork artist1880
1853 F. S. Mines Presbyterian Clergyman looking for Church 526 (note) Who has not noticed the difference between Revival Hymns and the songs of the popular ‘Negro Minstrels?’
1884 Cent. Mag. Mar. 681/1 At that time the negro-minstrel was not a black-faced singer of sentimental songs but a man who sang and jumped Jim Crow..and other genuine plantation songs.
1915 Scribner's Mag. June 754 Time was when the Negro-minstrels held possession of three or four theatres in the single city of New York.
1993 C. T. Rowan Dream Makers, Dream Breakers i. 7 The term derives from a song sung by Thomas Rice in a mid-1800s Negro minstrel show.
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the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > family Cercopithecidae > subfamily Colobinae > genus Presbytis (langur) > species of
Negro monkey1771
douc1774
simpai1820
lotong1824
entellus1843
Hanuman1843
Sumatran monkey1849
Sumatra monkey1877
tchincou1891
1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds xv. 115 Monkey... Negro.
1819 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) XIII. 401/1 Negro Monkey. Long-tailed, blackish, with..blackish beard.
1869–70 Proc. Royal Soc. 18 361 (table) Friction of Deep Flexor Tendons of Hand... Japanese Bear..Negro-Monkey..Spider-Monkey.
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the world > food and drink > food > fat or oil > [noun] > vegetable oil or margarine
palm oil1625
vegetable oil1651
butter of mace1694
Negro-oil1753
sunflower oil1768
Galam butter1782
vegetable butter1790
vegetable fat1797
winter oil1811
butter substitute1834
red palm oil1836
butter oil1844
shea butter1847
palm butter1848
vegetable lard1859
palm-kernel oil1863
butterine1866
margarine1873
oleomargarine1873
bosch1879
oleo1884
oleo oil1884
vegetable shortening1892
Nucoline1894
almond butter1895
nut butter1896
Nutter1906
marge1919
Maggie Ann1931
sun oil1937
vanaspati1949
maggie1971
canola oil1982
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > palm oil
palm oil1625
Negro-oil1753
red palm oil1836
palm butter1848
palm-kernel oil1863
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. App. (at cited word) Negro-oil, a name by which the palma of botanists is sometimes called.
Negro peach n. rare = Sierra Leone peach n. at Sierra Leone n.
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1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 104/1 Negro Peach, see Peach, Guinea.
1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) IV. 1869/1 S[arcocephalus] esculentus, Guinea, Negro, or Sierra Leone Peach.
Negro pepper n. = Guinea pepper n. b.
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the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > pepper not from Piper nigrum > types of
long peppereOE
garden ginger1526
Guinea pepper1597
Ethiopian pepper1598
chilli1662
pimiento1671
pimento1673
piment1705
capsicum1725
cayenne1756
African pepper1788
paprika1839
Negro pepper1849
Japan pepper1866
shot-pepper1890
chilli powder1898
chile ancho1906
chile mulato1907
Aleppo pepper1920
pasilla1935
mirch1951
pepperoncino1951
shishito1975
chili pepper-
1849 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Negro or Ethiopean pepper, the plant Unona Æthiopica.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 564 Its fruit, which consisted of a number of smooth pod-like carpels about the thickness of a quill,..is dried and used instead of pepper, whence it is often called Negro-pepper, Guinea pepper, or Ethiopian pepper, and by old authors Piper æthiopicum.
1987 D. J. Mabberley Plant-bk. 619 X[ylopia] aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. (Afr., Guinea or negro pepper, trop. Afr.).
negro-pot n. Caribbean (now depreciative) a deep, heavy cast iron pot, a Dutch pot, a Dutchy; (now also, in Jamaica and Guyana) a rich stew cooked for a folk celebration.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > other prepared foods or dishes > [noun]
mawmenny1381
browet Saracen?c1390
corat?c1390
lete lardes?c1390
lete lory?c1390
burseuc1400
lorey14..
Jack of Doverc1405
bukenadea1425
nesebeka1425
mosy?c1425
blaundsore1430
fauntemperec1430
irchinc1430
white sorréc1430
entraila1450
pasteladea1450
prenadec1450
fignadea1475
frianc1500
profiterole?1521
slampamp1593
flap-dragon1604
eel-cake1653
Lombard1657
hedgehog1723
bird's nest1769
dope18..
negro-pota1818
jug jug1877
King Henry's shoestrings1887
foam-omelet1892
crème1901
farofa1922
chilaquiles1938
metagee1957
Kiev1967
pani puri1969
a1818 M. G. Lewis Jrnl. W. India Proprietor (1834) 307 They boiled a negro-pot for him, but he was too ill to swallow a morsel.
1952 in F. G. Cassidy & R. B. LePage Dict. Jamaican Eng. (1967) at Negro-pot Negro pot—heavy iron, 3 legs.
1996 R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage Negro-pot, 1. Three-foot pot. 2. A rich one-pot meal (of vegetables, meats, and spices) cooked for a folk celebration.
Negro Renaissance n. a renaissance in black, esp. black American, culture; spec. the Harlem Renaissance.
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society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [noun] > specific movement or period
cinquecento1762
classicality1784
romanticism1821
classicism1827
Renaissance1836
classicalism1840
Queen Anne1863
classic1864
renascence1868
classical1875
modernism1879
New Romanticism1885
Colonial Revival1887
shogun1889
super-realism1890
verism1892
neoclassicism1893
veritism1894
social realism1898
camerata1900
peasantism1903
proto-Renaissance1903
Biedermeier1905
expressionism1908
futurism1909
Georgianism1911
Dada1918
Dadaism1918
German expressionism1920
expressionismus1925
Negro Renaissance1925
super-realism1925
settecento1926
surrealism1927
Neue Sachlichkeit1929
Sachlichkeit1930
neo-Gothicism1932
socialist realism1933
modernismus1934
Harlem Renaissance1940
organicism1945
avant-gardism1950
nouvelle vague1959
bricolage1960
kitchen-sinkery1964
black art1965
neo-modernism1966
Yuan1969
conceptualism1970
sound art1972
pre-modernism1976
Afrofuturism1993
1925 A. Locke New Negro p. xi We speak of the offerings of this book..as culled from the first fruits of the Negro Renaissance.
1952 B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. x. 103 The Negro poets who won such a large audience for their work, good, bad, and indifferent, in the intense days of the so-called Negro Renaissance.
1999 S. Rushdie Ground beneath her Feet (2000) xiii. 375 And did you ever hear of Jean Toomer? The most important writer of the Negro Renaissance.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants, nuts, seeds, or fruits used as beads or vessels > [noun] > vegetable ivory palm or seed
Negro's head1670
corozo1758
tagua1830
vegetable ivory1842
ivory palm1844
ivory-plant1866
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > palm trees > [noun] > ivory palm
Negro's head1670
corozo1758
tagua1830
ivory palm1844
ivory-plant1866
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > brown loaf
Negro's head1670
Brown George1688
George1755
1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) 3 Descended immediately from the Genius of the Soyls.., and (as the Negros-Heads in the Barbados) even without Seeds.
1788 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) Negroes Heads, brown loaves delivered to the ships in ordinary.
1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 138 The natives of Columbia call it Tagua, or Cabeza de Negro (Negro's head), in allusion, we presume, to the figure of the nut.
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 92/2 Negro's head, Phytelephas macrocarpa.
Negro ship n. now historical a slave ship.
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1670Negro ship [see sense B. 4a].
1749 H. Laurens Let. 23 Jan. in Papers (1968) I. 206 You have express'd some thought of sending a Negro Ship to Carolina.
1842 Times 25 Apr. 5/6 Five negro ships,..which had just landed a considerable number of slaves.
1945 Amer. Hist. Rev. 51 64 At least £5,000,000 resulted from the illicit traffic in the company's Negro ships during the years from 1730 to 1739.
1990 J. M. Postma Dutch in Atlantic Slave Trade x. 228 A slave ship was often labeled a neger schip, or Negro ship.
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1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 98/2 [Olive-tree], Negro's, Terminalia Chebula.
Negro spiritual n. a religious song belonging to a folk tradition associated particularly with black Christians in the southern United States, and which originated among African slaves in the American South in the late 18th and 19th centuries.See note at spiritual n. 9.
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society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > kinds of hymn > spiritual > [noun]
Negro spiritual1858
spiritual1858
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > religious song
Negro spiritual1858
spiritual1858
carval1860
gospel song1905
gospel1956
1858 Charleston (S. Carolina) Mercury 30 Aug. They sing songs, clapping their hands and rocking their bodies in time, and these songs have a great resemblance to some of our negro spirituals.
1867 Atlantic Monthly June 685/1 I had for many years heard of this class of songs under the name of ‘Negro Spirituals’.
1925 Amer. Mercury Dec. p. xvi (advt.) Negro spirituals are known throughout the South.
1991 Guardian 26 Feb. 35/2 A Child of Our Time had not omitted the Americans—thanks to its negro spirituals (from which Britten's Lacrimosa cribbed).
2018 Adoption & Culture 6 140 In her best effort to support his ethnic identity, his mother sang him Negro spirituals and plantation songs.
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society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun] > system or institution > state where slavery is legal
Negro State1780
slave state1814
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > southern states > slave belt
Negro State1780
slave state1814
1780 in Essex Inst. Historical Coll. (1877) XIII. 220 You did not carry home contemptible Ideas enough of the negro States or of this great Braggadocio.
1809 Deb. Congr. U.S. 20 Jan. (1853) 1152 The Potomac the boundary—the Negro states by themselves!
1878 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Jan. 86 What came to pass in the negro State of Mississippi under the administration of President Grant, has come to pass in two other negro States under the administration of President Hayes.
negro suffrage n. U.S. (now historical) the right of black citizens to vote in political elections.Restriction of voting rights on the grounds of ‘race, color, or previous condition of servitude’ was prohibited in 1870, with the ratification of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution. In the following decades, however, the former Confederate states introduced circumventive measures to disenfranchise African Americans. Such discriminatory laws were prohibited in 1965 when the Voting Rights Act was signed into federal law.
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1835 U.S. Tel. (Washington, D.C.) 30 Apr. 514/5 His vote in favor of free Negro suffrage in the Convention of New York.
1868 F. Douglass Let. 27 Sept. in Sel. Speeches & Writings (1975) vii. 600 I am now devoting myself to a cause..more urgent, because it is life and death to the long-enslaved people of this country; and this is: Negro suffrage.
1920 W. E. B. Du Bois Darkwater 51 The experiment of Negro suffrage has resulted in the uplift of twelve million people at a rate probably unparalleled in history.
1996 Jet (Nexis) 9 Sept. 19 His [sc. Frederick Douglass] stirring address in behalf of ‘Negro suffrage’ and the official endorsement of the convention laid the groundwork for the Fifteenth Amendment.
Negro tamarin n. the red-handed tamarin, Saguinus midas, which has black fur and reddish-yellow or black hands and feet.
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the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Platyrrhinae (New World monkey) > genus Saguinus (tamarin)
pinche1774
tamarin1780
Negro tamarin1827
1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom V. 41 The Negro Tamarin.
1896 H. O. Forbes Hand-bk. Primates II. 149 In Para, the Negro Tamarin is often seen in a tame state.
1991 G. B. Corbet & J. E. Hill World List Mammalian Species (ed. 3) 95 S. midas, Red-handed tamarin (Negro tamarin).
Negro town n. a town inhabited by black people; (Jamaican) spec. any of the small towns formed by maroons and runaway slaves in Jamaica before settlement with the maroons in 1739; (hence, more generally) any town formed in similar circumstances (now historical).
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1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 97 Ten of our Men advanced toward the Negro Town that was next to us.
1731 Jrnl. House of Assembly Jamaica 6 It is the opinion of the committees, that the soldiers be marched into the several negro-towns, and barracked there.
1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. (frontispiece map) Negro Town.
1877 Harper's Mag. Apr. 675/2 A filthy negro town, with sand a foot deep in its streets.
1942 Z. N. Hurston Dust Tracks on Road i. 1 I was born in a Negro town. I do not mean by that the black back-side of an average town. Eatonville, Florida, is, and was at the time of my birth, a pure Negro town.
1951 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 36 253 By 1912..the existence among the seminole of Negro towns..was a source of general irritation to the slave-owners of the Deep South.
Negro–white adj. chiefly Social Sciences (now rare) involving reproduction, intermarriage, etc., between black people and white people; of, relating to, or designating a relationship or comparison between black people and white; now largely superseded by black–white.
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1912 Science 36 722/1 (title) Heredity of skin color in Negro-white crosses.
1956 J. C. Furnas Goodbye to Uncle Tom ii. 70 Our town then had the largest Negro-white ratio in the North.
1970 Demography 7 289 A small tendency for Negro-white and all racially mixed marriages to increase in Philadelphia.
1982 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 67 149 He paid obeisance to the current theory of Negro-white inequality.
Negro yam n. the white Guinea yam, Dioscorea rotundata, cultivated in West Africa and the West Indies; the tuber of this plant.
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1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 359 The Negro Yam... The Yam. Both these plants are cultivated for food, the roots, which grow very large, being mealy and easy of digestion.
1814 J. Lunan Hortus Jamaicensis II. 308 This [sc. Dioscorea sativa] is commonly called negro yam.
1953 Caribbean Q. 2 iv. 32 Dioscorea sativa the so-called negro-yam, may have been indigenous, for it..sometimes grows wild; but more probably the wild specimens were originally escapes from cultivation.
1971 Jamaican Weekly Gleaner 3 Nov. 34/3 (advt.) Negro yams, yellow yams, sweet potatoes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.adj.1555