negotiationn.

Brit.

/nᵻˌɡəʊʃɪˈeɪʃn/,

/nᵻˌɡəʊsɪˈeɪʃn/, U.S.

/nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/nəˌɡoʊsiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English negociaciones (plural), 1500s– negociation (rare), 1500s– negotiation; Scottish pre-1700 negociatioun, pre-1700 negotiatioun, pre-1700 1700s– negociation, pre-1700 1700s– negotiation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French négociation; Latin negōtiātiōn-, negōtiātiō.

Etymology: < Middle French, French négociation commercial activity (1323 in Old French), discussion aimed at reaching an agreement (1544) and its etymon classical Latin negōtiātiōn-, negōtiātiō business, trade, a commercial transaction < negōtiāt- , past participial stem of negōtiārī (see negotiate v.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan negociació (1395), Italian negoziazione (a1406), Spanish negociación (1454–7).

†1.

a. An act of dealing with another person; a private or business transaction. Also in extended use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > business affairs > [noun] > a business transaction

negotiationa1500

feat1588

transactiona1656

job1660

business transaction1806

operation1832

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 67 (MED) And this wittnessiþ the sawes of holy fadres, þe whiche sawes we moste kepe perfiteliche in alle oure dedis and negociaciones.

1573 G. Harvey Schollers Loove in Let.-bk. (1884) 142 If any negotiation requires advizements, None more than matrimony.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 70 Falling into infirmities as he followes his worldly negotiations.

1662 H. More Coll. Philos. Writings (ed. 2) Pref. Gen. p. ix Which though Aristotle mainly appropriates to external Affairs, I must..transfer also to the Negotiations of the Mind.

1685 W. Petty Will p. iii Exhorting them to improve the same [estate] by no worse negociations.

a1704 T. Brown Declam. Praise Poverty (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1730) I. 102 There is no need of money in any negotiation with me.

1788 A. Hamilton in Federalist Papers xxii. 140 His success in an important negotiation must depend on his obtaining a major's commission for one of those deputies.

1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge II. xi. 144 Farfrae..countermanded his orders... Feeling it necessary to give some explanation of his withdrawal from the negotiation Donald mentioned Henchard's name.

b. Trading, commerce. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [noun]

mongingOE

cheapinga1000

cheapOE

chaffer?c1225

merchandisea1300

market-making1340

merchandyc1350

corseriec1380

chafferinga1382

need-doinga1382

changea1387

chapmanhoodc1386

cossery?a1400

bargaining1401

merchandisinga1425

merchandrya1450

intercourse1473

business1478

chapmanry1483

the feat of merchandisec1503

market1525

trade1549

marting1553

contractation1555

trading1556

merchantryc1560

marketing1561

mart1562

trafficking1570

contraction1582

tract1582

nundination1586

commerce1587

chafferya1599

negotiation1601

intertraffica1603

traffic1603

commercery1604

intertrading1606

correspondence1607

mercature1611

correspondency1613

coss?1635

negotiating1640

dealing1691

chapmanship1727

merchanting1883

intertrade1915

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 109 The towne..is now decayed..and the traffique and negotiation in all affaires turned from thence.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 2 The vse of trusting, exchanging, and trading;..both for fishing and negotiation.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. viii. 42 The Phenicians..possessed themselves of the sea coasts, the better to carry on their negotiation.

1788 A. Hamilton in Federalist Papers xvii. 102 Commerce, finance, negotiation, and war seem to comprehend all the objects, which have charms for minds governed by that passion.

c. Occupation, exercise. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun]

busyingeOE

busyOE

busyship?c1225

busyhead1340

occupation?1387

occupyinga1400

businessc1405

vacationc1450

employing1459

employment1542

entertainment1551

activity1570

trade1591

negotiation1628

engagement1661

employ1675

busyness1809

occupancy1826

carry-on1917

1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xlviii. sig. Q7 How bright does the Soule grow with vse and negotiation!

2. A discussion or process of treaty with another (or others) aimed at reaching an agreement about a particular issue, problem, etc., esp. in affairs of state; an instance of negotiating. Frequently in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > an agreement

forewardOE

accordc1275

covenant1297

end1297

form1297

frettec1330

conjurationc1374

treatc1380

bargainc1386

contractc1386

comenaunt1389

compositionc1405

treaty1427

pact1429

paction1440

reconventionc1449

treatisea1464

hostage1470

packa1475

trystc1480

bond (also band) of manrent1482

covenance1484

concordance1490

patisement1529

capitulation1535

conventmenta1547

convenience1551

compact1555

negotiation1563

sacrament1563

match1569

consortship1592

after-agreementa1600

combourgeoisie1602

convention1603

comburghership1606

transaction1611

end-makingc1613

obligement1627

bare contract1641

stipulation1649

accompackmentc1650

rue-bargaina1657

concordat1683

minute1720

tacka1758

understanding1803

meet1804

it's a go1821

deal1863

whizz1869

stand-in1870

gentlemen's agreement1880

meeting of minds1883

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation

embassadryc1425

ambassadry?a1439

entreating?a1439

entreaty1447

tract1501

entreatisea1513

entreatment?1520

embassy1549

ambassadya1597

ambassy1625

negotiation1702

dialogue1890

1563 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1900) II. 66 So greate worldly felicity as the success off that negociation must bring with it.

1579 G. Fenton in tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin Ep. Ded. The high negociations and employments which he managed long time vnder great Princes.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 24 Their negotiations all must slacke, Wanting his mannage.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 38 He was then sent..to treat about the restitution of the Palatinate; in which Negotiation he behaved himself with great Prudence.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 421 The Pope continued his negociations for convoking a general council.

1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. iv. 90 The long negociation of a political marriage was terminated by a war.

1877 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. ii. 18 The archbishop..employed him afterwards in the most confidential negotiations.

1908 E. M. Forster Room with View xi. 182 His idea of bringing the Emersons to Windy Corner struck her as decidedly good, and she carried through the negotiations without a hitch.

1950 A. H. Cooper-Prichard Hist. Grand Duchy Luxemburg iii. 114 Albert opened negociations with the United Provinces.

1990 Lancet 1 Sept. 556/2 To accommodate the enforced reductions, NIH invoked what it termed ‘downward negotiations’ in the size of previously agreed-upon awards.

3. The action, activity, or process of negotiating with another or others.

a. With possessive adjective.

ΚΠ

1597 R. Cecil in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 43 His negotiation tendeth to a proposition of peace.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 62 These embassadours..had at length broght their negotiation to..good passe.

1695 W. Congreve Love for Love i. i. 5 Sir, if you don't like my Negotiation, will you be pleas'd to answer these yourself.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. ii. 31 Frustrate not Captain Tomlinson's negotiation.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xix. 152 The progress of their negociation was opposed and defeated.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. iv. 155 Sastri's enemies..had come from Baroda to frustrate his negotiation.

1898 Dict. National Biogr. at Tierney, George It was..through his negotiation that Althorp was selected for the chairmanship of the finance committee.

1998 Zhu Xiao Di Thirty Years in Red House iv. 114 As a factory worker, she belonged to the workers' class,..and therefore she had far more bargaining power in her negotiation with the municipality.

b. Without determiner.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > terms of agreement > negotiating or making terms

bargain1330

treatyc1405

overture1427

chafferingc1449

treatingc1450

entreat1485

patising1530

practice1540

articulating1562

capitulation1569

entreatance1574

tractation1600

interdealing1611

negotiation1614

tractate1618

haggling1632

traffickinga1649

bargaining1669

conditioning1680

transacting1686

higgling1700

stipulation1792

treatment1828

haggle1829

coming to terms1843

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. xi. §4. 135 Supposing, that by his great skill in subtile negotiation hee should..circumuent the Greekes.

1756 S. Johnson Mem. King of Prussia in Lit. Mag. Oct.–Nov. 332/2 The king finding negotiation thus ineffectual, pushed forward his inrodes.

1798 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 6 The established channels of peaceable negotiation.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xxv. 365 Phæax possessed talents well suited for negotiation.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 253 To appoint time and place for an interview for the purpose of negotiation.

1953 D. Eisenhower Let. 6 July in Churchill–Eisenhower Corr. (1990) 85 Our differing estimates of the flexibility that Naguib feels is available to him in negotiation.

1988 S. Afr. Panorama Apr. 3/1 Standard specifications ensure a firm basis for negotiation.

2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 July 36/1 Getting clearance to visit Hobet 21 [sc. a coal mine] required considerable negotiation.

4. The action of crossing or getting over, round or through some obstacle by skilful manoeuvring; manipulation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > skilfully past obstacles

negotiation1882

1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights I. 203 To one of your special knowledge..the negotiation of the diamond would give but little trouble, while to me it was a matter of impossibility.

1885 Sat. Rev. 28 Nov. 706 Courses which required what in some curious way has come to be called ‘negotiation’.

1898 St. James's Gaz. 15 Nov. 6/1 They were said to attempt the negotiation of impossible obstacles, to their own imminent risk.

1906 Daily Chron. 11 Aug. 5/5 The inevitable negotiation of the greasy pole.

2000 S. Poole Trigger Happy ii. 37 High-speed inertial negotiation of solid obstacles.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	negotiation
释义	negotiationn. Brit. /nᵻˌɡəʊʃɪˈeɪʃn/, /nᵻˌɡəʊsɪˈeɪʃn/, U.S. /nəˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/, /nəˌɡoʊsiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English negociaciones (plural), 1500s– negociation (rare), 1500s– negotiation; Scottish pre-1700 negociatioun, pre-1700 negotiatioun, pre-1700 1700s– negociation, pre-1700 1700s– negotiation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French négociation; Latin negōtiātiōn-, negōtiātiō. Etymology: < Middle French, French négociation commercial activity (1323 in Old French), discussion aimed at reaching an agreement (1544) and its etymon classical Latin negōtiātiōn-, negōtiātiō business, trade, a commercial transaction < negōtiāt- , past participial stem of negōtiārī (see negotiate v.) + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan negociació (1395), Italian negoziazione (a1406), Spanish negociación (1454–7). †1. a. An act of dealing with another person; a private or business transaction. Also in extended use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > business affairs > [noun] > a business transaction negotiationa1500 feat1588 transactiona1656 job1660 business transaction1806 operation1832 a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 67 (MED) And this wittnessiþ the sawes of holy fadres, þe whiche sawes we moste kepe perfiteliche in alle oure dedis and negociaciones. 1573 G. Harvey Schollers Loove in Let.-bk. (1884) 142 If any negotiation requires advizements, None more than matrimony. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 70 Falling into infirmities as he followes his worldly negotiations. 1662 H. More Coll. Philos. Writings (ed. 2) Pref. Gen. p. ix Which though Aristotle mainly appropriates to external Affairs, I must..transfer also to the Negotiations of the Mind. 1685 W. Petty Will p. iii Exhorting them to improve the same [estate] by no worse negociations. a1704 T. Brown Declam. Praise Poverty (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1730) I. 102 There is no need of money in any negotiation with me. 1788 A. Hamilton in Federalist Papers xxii. 140 His success in an important negotiation must depend on his obtaining a major's commission for one of those deputies. 1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge II. xi. 144 Farfrae..countermanded his orders... Feeling it necessary to give some explanation of his withdrawal from the negotiation Donald mentioned Henchard's name. b. Trading, commerce. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [noun] mongingOE cheapinga1000 cheapOE chaffer?c1225 merchandisea1300 market-making1340 merchandyc1350 corseriec1380 chafferinga1382 need-doinga1382 changea1387 chapmanhoodc1386 cossery?a1400 bargaining1401 merchandisinga1425 merchandrya1450 intercourse1473 business1478 chapmanry1483 the feat of merchandisec1503 market1525 trade1549 marting1553 contractation1555 trading1556 merchantryc1560 marketing1561 mart1562 trafficking1570 contraction1582 tract1582 nundination1586 commerce1587 chafferya1599 negotiation1601 intertraffica1603 traffic1603 commercery1604 intertrading1606 correspondence1607 mercature1611 correspondency1613 coss?1635 negotiating1640 dealing1691 chapmanship1727 merchanting1883 intertrade1915 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 109 The towne..is now decayed..and the traffique and negotiation in all affaires turned from thence. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 2 The vse of trusting, exchanging, and trading;..both for fishing and negotiation. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. viii. 42 The Phenicians..possessed themselves of the sea coasts, the better to carry on their negotiation. 1788 A. Hamilton in Federalist Papers xvii. 102 Commerce, finance, negotiation, and war seem to comprehend all the objects, which have charms for minds governed by that passion. c. Occupation, exercise. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] busyingeOE busyOE busyship?c1225 busyhead1340 occupation?1387 occupyinga1400 businessc1405 vacationc1450 employing1459 employment1542 entertainment1551 activity1570 trade1591 negotiation1628 engagement1661 employ1675 busyness1809 occupancy1826 carry-on1917 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xlviii. sig. Q7 How bright does the Soule grow with vse and negotiation! 2. A discussion or process of treaty with another (or others) aimed at reaching an agreement about a particular issue, problem, etc., esp. in affairs of state; an instance of negotiating. Frequently in plural. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > an agreement forewardOE accordc1275 covenant1297 end1297 form1297 frettec1330 conjurationc1374 treatc1380 bargainc1386 contractc1386 comenaunt1389 compositionc1405 treaty1427 pact1429 paction1440 reconventionc1449 treatisea1464 hostage1470 packa1475 trystc1480 bond (also band) of manrent1482 covenance1484 concordance1490 patisement1529 capitulation1535 conventmenta1547 convenience1551 compact1555 negotiation1563 sacrament1563 match1569 consortship1592 after-agreementa1600 combourgeoisie1602 convention1603 comburghership1606 transaction1611 end-makingc1613 obligement1627 bare contract1641 stipulation1649 accompackmentc1650 rue-bargaina1657 concordat1683 minute1720 tacka1758 understanding1803 meet1804 it's a go1821 deal1863 whizz1869 stand-in1870 gentlemen's agreement1880 meeting of minds1883 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > diplomatic negotiation embassadryc1425 ambassadry?a1439 entreating?a1439 entreaty1447 tract1501 entreatisea1513 entreatment?1520 embassy1549 ambassadya1597 ambassy1625 negotiation1702 dialogue1890 1563 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1900) II. 66 So greate worldly felicity as the success off that negociation must bring with it. 1579 G. Fenton in tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin Ep. Ded. The high negociations and employments which he managed long time vnder great Princes. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 24 Their negotiations all must slacke, Wanting his mannage. View more context for this quotation 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 38 He was then sent..to treat about the restitution of the Palatinate; in which Negotiation he behaved himself with great Prudence. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 421 The Pope continued his negociations for convoking a general council. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. iv. 90 The long negociation of a political marriage was terminated by a war. 1877 J. A. Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. ii. 18 The archbishop..employed him afterwards in the most confidential negotiations. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View xi. 182 His idea of bringing the Emersons to Windy Corner struck her as decidedly good, and she carried through the negotiations without a hitch. 1950 A. H. Cooper-Prichard Hist. Grand Duchy Luxemburg iii. 114 Albert opened negociations with the United Provinces. 1990 Lancet 1 Sept. 556/2 To accommodate the enforced reductions, NIH invoked what it termed ‘downward negotiations’ in the size of previously agreed-upon awards. 3. The action, activity, or process of negotiating with another or others. a. With possessive adjective. ΚΠ 1597 R. Cecil in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 43 His negotiation tendeth to a proposition of peace. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 62 These embassadours..had at length broght their negotiation to..good passe. 1695 W. Congreve Love for Love i. i. 5 Sir, if you don't like my Negotiation, will you be pleas'd to answer these yourself. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. ii. 31 Frustrate not Captain Tomlinson's negotiation. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xix. 152 The progress of their negociation was opposed and defeated. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. iv. 155 Sastri's enemies..had come from Baroda to frustrate his negotiation. 1898 Dict. National Biogr. at Tierney, George It was..through his negotiation that Althorp was selected for the chairmanship of the finance committee. 1998 Zhu Xiao Di Thirty Years in Red House iv. 114 As a factory worker, she belonged to the workers' class,..and therefore she had far more bargaining power in her negotiation with the municipality. b. Without determiner. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > terms of agreement > negotiating or making terms bargain1330 treatyc1405 overture1427 chafferingc1449 treatingc1450 entreat1485 patising1530 practice1540 articulating1562 capitulation1569 entreatance1574 tractation1600 interdealing1611 negotiation1614 tractate1618 haggling1632 traffickinga1649 bargaining1669 conditioning1680 transacting1686 higgling1700 stipulation1792 treatment1828 haggle1829 coming to terms1843 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. xi. §4. 135 Supposing, that by his great skill in subtile negotiation hee should..circumuent the Greekes. 1756 S. Johnson Mem. King of Prussia in Lit. Mag. Oct.–Nov. 332/2 The king finding negotiation thus ineffectual, pushed forward his inrodes. 1798 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 6 The established channels of peaceable negotiation. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece III. xxv. 365 Phæax possessed talents well suited for negotiation. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 253 To appoint time and place for an interview for the purpose of negotiation. 1953 D. Eisenhower Let. 6 July in Churchill–Eisenhower Corr. (1990) 85 Our differing estimates of the flexibility that Naguib feels is available to him in negotiation. 1988 S. Afr. Panorama Apr. 3/1 Standard specifications ensure a firm basis for negotiation. 2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 July 36/1 Getting clearance to visit Hobet 21 [sc. a coal mine] required considerable negotiation. 4. The action of crossing or getting over, round or through some obstacle by skilful manoeuvring; manipulation. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > skilfully past obstacles negotiation1882 1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights I. 203 To one of your special knowledge..the negotiation of the diamond would give but little trouble, while to me it was a matter of impossibility. 1885 Sat. Rev. 28 Nov. 706 Courses which required what in some curious way has come to be called ‘negotiation’. 1898 St. James's Gaz. 15 Nov. 6/1 They were said to attempt the negotiation of impossible obstacles, to their own imminent risk. 1906 Daily Chron. 11 Aug. 5/5 The inevitable negotiation of the greasy pole. 2000 S. Poole Trigger Happy ii. 37 High-speed inertial negotiation of solid obstacles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1500
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