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单词 negligence
释义

negligencen.

Brit. /ˈnɛɡlᵻdʒ(ə)ns/, U.S. /ˈnɛɡlədʒ(ə)ns/
Forms: Middle English necclygence, Middle English necgligence, Middle English necgligens, Middle English necgligense, Middle English necglygence, Middle English neckegennce (transmission error), Middle English neclegens, Middle English necligencce, Middle English necligense, Middle English negcligence (transmission error), Middle English neglegence, Middle English negligens, Middle English neglygens, Middle English nekligence, Middle English neligens (transmission error), Middle English–1500s neccligence, Middle English–1500s neclegence, Middle English–1500s neclygens, Middle English–1500s negligens, Middle English–1500s neglygence, Middle English–1600s necligence, Middle English–1600s neclygence, Middle English– negligence, 1500s necclygence, 1500s neckclygens, 1500s neckelygence, 1500s–1700s nigligence, 1600s necclegence, 1600s necklygence, 1600s niclygence; Scottish pre-1700 necgligence, pre-1700 neclegenes, pre-1700 necligence, pre-1700 necligens, pre-1700 neclygence, pre-1700 neglegens, pre-1700 negliegence, pre-1700 negligens, pre-1700 1700s– negligence.
Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French negligence; Latin negligentia.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French negligence (first half of 12th cent. in Old French in sense ‘lack of care’; also in Anglo-Norman as neccligence , necgligence , necligence ; French négligence ) or its etymon classical Latin negligentia, necligentia, variants of neglegentia, neclegentia lack of care, carelessness, neglect < negligent- , neglegent- (see negligent adj.) + -ia -y suffix3; compare -ence suffix.
1.
a. Lack of attention to what ought to be done; failure to take proper or necessary care of a thing or person; lack of necessary or reasonable care in doing something; carelessness.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > negligence
negligence1351
lashness1477
uncarefulness1567
oscitancy1609
neglect1610
neglectiveness1621
oscitation1656
neglectfulness1693
laches1844
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > negligence > instance of
negligence1351
lachesa1393
oscitancy1649
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > neglect > of something
recklessnessOE
negligence1351
unconsiderance1546
neglect1597
wretchlessness1630
1351 in Statutes of Realm (1810) I. 317 (MED) He is bounden..to cause the same to be kept as the Law of his Realm, though that by Sufferance and Negligence it hath been sithence attempted to the contrary.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 102v Noþing lettiþ more help of sekemen þan vnkonnynge and necligense [L. negligentia] of phisiciens.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 96 Bi..necligence of prelatis is mannis lawe medlid wiþ Goddis lawe.
1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton F vij b Lucan sayth that alle delayeng and neglygence oughte to be sette a parte.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 1626 By hys owne neglygence takyn prysonere.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 181 I impute that to the neglygence or rather ignorance of the printers.
1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. v. sig. K.v/1 It is abhominable to see the negligence of maisters in teaching their schollers.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 115 The Haven of this City..by negligence is growne of no use.
1676 W. Temple Let. in Wks. (1720) II. 410 I believe, it may have been only Negligence.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iv. 75 By Persons own Negligence and Folly in their temporal Affairs.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 800 Those whose negligence or sloth Exposed their inexperience to the snare.
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xv. 337 The people..complained of want of land. This is partly owing to their own negligence in not clearing the woods.
1899 K. Chopin Awakening xv. 110 She began to set the toilet-stand to rights, grumbling at the negligence of the quadroon, who was in the adjoining room.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel xxiv. 233 The man who loses sight of the tall stranger..will pay for his negligence with his life.
1961 E. Taylor In Summer Season (1973) i. ii. 54 Leaving things lying about—a habit of infuriating negligence.
1992 Holiday Which? Jan. 44/2 The Dom José, where a drinks machine blocks the escape route, one of nine hotels where negligence had resulted in obstructions.
b. Law. Not doing what a reasonable person would do, or doing what a reasonable person would not do; failure to carry out a legally imposed duty of care; lack of reasonable care.See also contributory negligence at contributory adj. 2, criminal negligence n. at criminal adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > negligence, etc.
lachesa1325
temerarity1475
nonfeasancea1626
negligencea1691
culpa1861
1648 J. Cooke Unum Necessarium 62 If we hurt any through Ignorance or negligence, an Action upon the Case lyes against him.]
a1691 P. Ventris Rep. (1696) i. 191 The Court inclined strongly for the Defendant, there being not the least negligence in him.
1738 Cases King's Bench William III 152 It is found to have been by his Negligence.
1823 W. P. Taunton Rep. Court Common Pleas 8 145 The only question in the cause was, whether the Defendants had conducted themselves with gross negligence.
1884 Ld. Esher in Law Times Rep. 73 616/2 (note) The deceased was also guilty of negligence or of want of reasonable care contributing to the accident.
1936 G. Greene This Gun for Hire ii. 87 The court brought it in wilful negligence, so they didn't give him a tanner.
1949 C. H. S. Fifoot Hist. & Sources Common Law viii. 164 By the beginning of the eighteenth century the judges were familiar with the name and idea of negligence... It was, however, too early to speak boldly of an action of negligence.
1987 Which? Aug. 400/1 We drafted a letter for Mr Larsen to send to the other driver's insurance company saying that the accident was clearly caused by negligence on the part of their insured.
2.
a. Disregard or neglect of something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > carelessness or heedlessness
rechelesteOE
yemelestc897
recklessnessOE
unbeseyness?c1225
yemeleaschipec1230
unmindinga1382
negligencec1390
rechelesshipc1390
recklessheadc1410
unadvertance1483
unheediness1486
unmindfulnessa1500
non-advertencec1540
carelessness1561
inadvertence1568
heedlessness1581
unheedfulness1586
inadvertency1592
inobservance1611
regardlessness1611
indiligence1636
unattentivenessa1649
inanimadvertency1650
non-advertency1653
unadvertency1655
inanimadvertence1656
disregard1661
inanimadversion1676
non-attendancya1677
inobservancy1677
unattention1691
inattention1710
inobservation1727
inattentiveness1753
tentlessness1883
c1390 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 272 In as muche as th.ou wolt not tende to hem for necclygence of þi-self.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 5399 (MED) He smote hym to þe herte..þat ded he fil doun..Þoruȝ necligence only of his shelde.
1482 Monk of Evesham 78 The..peynys that thes thre ware in, was for the neglygens of soulys the whiche they had cure of.
1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. 135 Considering our negligence of historicall Poems.
1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 72 To finde out a Rule..is very difficult; By reason of the Negligence of Observations.
1693 J. Dryden tr. Persius Satires iii. 33 Charge the Crime, On Native Sloth, and negligence of time.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. i. 24 There is a manifest Negligence in Men of their real Happiness.
1751 S. Richardson Rambler No. 97. ⁋4 To idle amusements, and to negligence of domestic business, to wicked rackets.
1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility III. x. 217 My illness..had been entirely brought on by myself, by such negligence of my own health. View more context for this quotation
1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights II. iv. 98 If she revealed my negligence of his orders, he would perhaps be so angry that I should have to leave.
b. Disregard (of a thing or person); neglect. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > neglect
unattendancec1449
nonchaloir1496
negligencya1500
obliviona1500
neglecting1539
misregard1543
forgetfulness1576
neglect1598
negligence1604
neglection1609
neglectiveness1621
disattention1624
disregarding1659
slightiness1662
disregard1733
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > [noun] > disrespect by disregarding
neglecting1539
misregard1543
neglect1598
non-regardancea1616
slightinga1640
unregarda1656
slight1701
negligence1778
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > neglect > of a person
negligence1778
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 132 Both the worlds I giue to negligence, Let come what comes. View more context for this quotation
1778 F. Burney Evelina III. vii. 76 It is impossible for negligence to be more pointed, than that of Lord Merton to me.
3. Originally: careless indifference, as in appearance or dress, or in literary or artistic style. Later: freedom from artificiality or restraint. Also: an instance of this. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [noun] > negligence > in appearance
negligencea1450
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [noun] > naturalness
negligence1665
unaffectedness1685
nature1715
naturalnessa1719
a1450 Partonope of Blois (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1912) 4859 Grete negligence Was neuer founden In his persone.
c1475 (a1449) J. Lydgate Stans Puer (Laud) in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 741 Drynk nat brydeled for haste nor necligencce.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 93 Wyde sleifes of negligence hinging doune evin to thair knies.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. Introd. Pref. sig. A8v Most of the following Papers, being written for my own private Amusement, a good deal of Negligence in them may appear..pardonable.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 149 T'affect the purest Negligences In Gestures, Gaits, and Miens.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 119. ¶2 Nothing is so modish as an agreeable Negligence.
1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. x. 445 The coldness and negligence with which it is drawn.
1843 J. G. Whittier Ego 12 Hence my pen unfettered moves In freedom which the heart approves, The negligence which friendship loves.
1876 H. James Roderick Hudson iii. 95 The artist's negligence of all such small picturesque accessories as might serve to label his figure to a vulgar apprehension.
1977 V. S. Pritchett Gentle Barbarian xi. 196 In spite of the negligence of her attire and her irritable manner, she struck me as before, as attractive.
4. An instance of inattention or carelessness; a negligent act; a careless omission.
ΚΠ
c1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 537 A ful gret necligence Was yt to the, that ylke tyme thou made ‘Hyd, Absolon, thy tresses’.
1509 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 108 Prayng my ordinary to excuse my conscyens for alle necclygencys.
1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 133v O, how they wyll wayle and wepe theyr negligences.
1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe ii. sig. B3 O that we would do so in vertue, and religious negligences.
1677 T. Otway Cheats of Scapin ii. i, in Titus & Berenice 44 The remissness, negligences, frailties, and huge and perillous Errours, which his Substitutes, Servants, or Trustees, may be capable of.
1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. iii. 265 No one will deny, that a negligence in this particular is a fault.
1799 H. Neuman Family Distress p. iv It is Shakespeare, without his quibbles, his negligences, his incongruities, his violations of the most indispensible dramatic probabilities, yet, still rich in all those energies of genius.
1865 C. J. Vaughan Plain Words (1866) xi. 199 I speak not of those daily negligences which belong to another subject.
1940 D. Hardy tr. A. Koestler Darkness at Noon iii. iv. 215 Workers were shot..because of some trifling negligence caused by over-tiredness.
1973 G. Ryle On Thinking (1982) vii. 106 I may be punished for my negligences as well as for my active misdeeds.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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