baken.¹

Brit.

/beɪk/, U.S.

/beɪk/, Caribbean English /beːk/

Forms:

α. late Middle English baken, late Middle English bakyn.

β. late Middle English– bake; also Scottish pre-1700 baick, pre-1700 beak, pre-1700 1700s– baik.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English baken , bake ; bake v.

Etymology: Originally (chiefly in α. forms) < baken, bake, strong past participles of bake v. (compare Forms 3aα. and 3aβ. at that entry). In later use directly < bake v. With sense 1a compare bakemeat n. With sense 3 compare earlier baking n.

a. A dish cooked by baking, typically consisting of a mixture of different ingredients cooked together in the same pot or pan. In later use chiefly with preceding modifying word or words indicating a principal ingredient (and usually referring to a savoury dish), as in pasta bake, tuna bake, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > [noun] > dish > made dish

confection1393

bakea1425

manger1574

made dish1616

made dish1621

court-disha1656

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > cooked food > baked food

bakea1425

baking1440

baked meata1576

baked goods1865

bakeware1909

tian1955

a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 221 (MED) Þare war we served wele..Us wanted nowþer baken ne roste.

a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 61 (MED) Vn Lechemete. Vn bake, videlicet Crustade.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Acapna thysia, sacrifices without smoke: spoken of a simple feaste wherin is neyther bake, sodde, nor roste.

1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) xii. 302 They can dress..upon this stove, a roast, a boill, a fry, a stew and a bake.

1947 Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 9 Oct. 18/1 (heading) Walla Walla spinach bake.

1985 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 23 June Spinach Pasta Bake is both economical and filling.

2019 @JeanHaines 16 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 13 Aug. 2019) New recipe of the day. Honey and mustard vegetable bake with white wine sauce.

b. Scottish. A biscuit. Now only in butter bake (see butter n.¹ Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun]

biscuit?a1400

biscuit bread1440

bake1523

biscake1650

cookie1701

bicky1834

sandwich biscuit1901

sandwich cookie1905

1523 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 215 Anent the flour baiks and fadges that cumes fra landwart into this toune to sell.

1614 in J. S. Clouston Rec. Earldom of Orkney (1914) 383 Send to the gudwyf..a doson baikes.

1786 R. Burns Holy Fair xviii, in Poems 49 Here's crying out for bakes an' gills.

1823 J. Galt Entail III. xxiii. 222 We can divide the bakes.

1925 Scots Mag. Jan. 278 Ay, ay, Bauldie; jist lea' doon yer maik, an' rax ower for the baik yersel'.

2015 @alinicebuns 6 Jan. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Viennesse [sic] whirls, ‘old skool’ butter bakes sandwiched with vanilla frosting and raspberry jam.

c. In the Caribbean: a type of bread in the form of a round flattened loaf of baked or roasted dough. Also: a small round flattened piece of fried (or occasionally baked) dough, served as an accompaniment to a meal (usually in plural). Frequently with preceding modifying word, as in fried bake, roasted bake, soda bake, etc. Cf. johnnycake n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > other types of bread

sergeant-loafa1348

clear-matin1362

bean-breadc1380

French bread1420

pease-breada1425

bran-breadc1425

grey breadc1430

angels' breadc1440

dough bread?a1500

baker's bread?1550

acorn bread1571

cart-bread1574

chapter-bread1600

diet-bread1617

ember-bread1681

buff coat1688

bust-coat1706

Picentine bread1712

chestnut-bread1814

naan1828

gluten-bread1846

to-bread1854

batch-bread1862

injera1868

coffee cake1879

pan dulce1882

quick bread1882

sour bread1884

Tommy1895

focaccia1905

hard-dough bread1911

hush puppy1918

potica1927

spoon bread1932

bake1933

pitta1936

hard-dough1966

pain de campagne1970

pocket bread1973

ciabatta1985

pain au levain1985

levain1991

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > bread dish > [noun] > fried bread dishes

frybread1932

bake1933

calzone1933

sopaipilla1934

matzo brei1949

kachori1954

panzerotto1967

1933 Prelim. Rep. Cane Farming Industry Trinidad, 1932 (Trinidad Dept. Agric.) 55 Specimen diets of East Indians and West Indians... Evening Meal... West Indians... Roasted bakes... Fried Bakes.

1952 S. Selvon Brighter Sun ii. 24 The venders also sell bake—a kind of bread—and accra and float.

1991 Diver June 75/2 For breakfast, I ate buljol and soda bakes.

1998 Toronto Star (Nexis) 23 Dec. There was also salt fish, fruitcake, roast bake (biscuits also known as Johnny Cakes) and corn soup.

2008 Caribbean Rev. Bks. Feb. 31/2 The poor, uneducated mother..who lets him sleep late then comes into his room with hot chocolate and fried bakes.

2. North American. A social event, usually held outdoors, at which a particular type of food is cooked and eaten.Recorded earliest in clambake n. a. See also mussel bake n. at mussel n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > picnic or packed meal > [noun] > clam-bake or fish-fry

squantum1812

fish-fry1824

bake1835

clambake1835

1835 Fall River (Mass.) Monitor 4 July 2/2 We understand that some of the different societies here will hold meetings in their several churches, and that addresses will be given... Others will set down to a social family dinner or perhaps to a good clam-bake.

1842 Graham's Mag. Sept. 216/2 The table, spread by fair hands, is ready—and now the bake begins!

1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat viii. 148 He saw that it was a Girl Scout wienie bake.

2017 C. S. Martin & D. N. Stone Rhode Island Clam Shacks i. 16 Every bake needs a bakemaster.

3. An act or instance of baking something, esp. bread, cakes, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [noun] > baking

bakingc1330

batch1440

furnagec1468

bakery1615

bake1843

1843 E. G. Kelley Pop. Treat. Human Teeth 180 If the bake is successful, the [artificial] teeth are ready for use.

1882 J. A. Lees & W. J. Clutterbuck Three in Norway xvi. 126 After this Esau finished the oven, and accomplished a bake of bread therein.

1961 Guardian 27 Sept. 8/3 Many older housewives..find great satisfaction in a monster weekly ‘bake’.

2014 @officialjonot 10 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 13 Aug. 2019) New loaf tin arrived just in time for the twice weekly bake.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bakev.

Brit.

/beɪk/, U.S.

/beɪk/

Forms: 1. Present stem Old English bacan, Old English bakan (rare), Old English bæcst (2nd singular indicative), early Middle English bace, Middle English– bake, 1500s baake, 1500s back- (in compounds), 1500s–1600s beake; English regional 1800s beeak (Yorkshire), 1900s– baake (Lincolnshire); Scottish pre-1700 baike, pre-1700 bak, pre-1700 beack, pre-1700 beak, pre-1700 1700s–1900s baik, pre-1700 1700s– bake, 1800s bauk (north-eastern); Irish English (Wexford) 1800s baake. 2. Past tense. a. Strong Old English–Middle English boc, Middle English boke, Middle English booc, Middle English book; Scottish pre-1700 beuke, pre-1700 buik, pre-1700 1700s 1900s– beuk, pre-1700 1800s buke. b. Weak Middle English bakide, Middle English– baked, 1500s–1600s bak't, 1600s bak'd, 1600s bakd. 3. Past participle. a. Strong.

α. Old English bæcen (rare), Old English gebacen, Old English–early Middle English bacen, Old English (rare)–1600s baken, early Middle English bakenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ȝebaccen, Middle English bacun, Middle English bakene, Middle English bakne, Middle English bakun, Middle English bakyne, Middle English ybaken, Middle English–1500s bakyn; Scottish pre-1700 backin, pre-1700 baickine, pre-1700 baikin, pre-1700 bakin, pre-1700 bakne, pre-1700 bakyn, pre-1700 baykin, pre-1700 beackine, pre-1700 1700s baiken, pre-1700 1700s– baken.

β. Middle English baake, Middle English bak, Middle English ibake, Middle English ybake, Middle English–1500s bake.

γ. Scottish 1700s bewk.

b. Weak late Middle English– baked, 1500s baket, 1500s beyked, 1500s–1600s bak'd, 1500s–1600s bakt, 1600s bak't, 1600s bakd, 1600s bake't, 1700s backed, 1800s– baaked (English regional (Lincolnshire)), 1900s byaukit (Scottish (north-eastern)), 1900s– baikit (Scottish).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian baka , Middle Dutch bāken (rare), Old High German bachan , bahhan (Middle High German bachen , German regional (south-western) bachen ), and also (with gemination of the internal consonant, the cause of which is uncertain and disputed) Middle Dutch backen (Dutch bakken ), Old Saxon bak- (in compounds; Middle Low German backen ), Old High German (apparently originally western) bacchan (Middle High German backen , German backen ) < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ϕώγειν to roast, parch, toast, perhaps ultimately (with different extension) < the same Indo-European base as bath n.¹ Compare ( < the same Germanic base, with different stem) Old Icelandic baka, Old Swedish, Swedish baka, Old Danish bakæ (Danish bage), weak verb with the same sense.In Old English a strong verb of Class VI. Weak inflections are first found in Middle English and supersede the strong forms by the end of that period for the past tense, and in the 17th cent. for the past participle, except in Scotland, where strong forms are still sometimes found. The strong past participle is also preserved in slightly wider use in baken adj. In Old English the prefixed verb abacan to bake, prepare (bread) in an oven (compare a- prefix¹) is also attested. With the regional Scots forms bauk and byaukit compare the discussion at bakbrade n.

a. transitive. To cook (food) by dry heat, without direct exposure to flame, typically in an oven, or sometimes on a heated surface such as a griddle, baking stone, etc. Cf. roast v. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > bake

bakeOE

pistate1599

fire1736

OE Homily: Sermo ad Populum Dominicis Diebus (Lamb. 489) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 296 Þæt..man efesige oðerne man oððe bread bace oððe ænig ungelyfed þing bega on þam dæge [sc. on Sunday].

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 993 Bulltedd bræd Þatt bakenn wass inn ofne.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 2408 A capoun in that on was bake.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. iv. 40 The cornes..Thai grand, and syne buik at the fire.

1664 H. Wolley Cook's Guide 91 Fill your Tart and bake it but a little, and when it is enough, pour in a Custard.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 3 My bread is..baked in my own oven.

1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) ii. 76 To bake fish. A gentle oven may be used.

1895 New Eng. Kitchen Mag. Aug. 241/2 Put the pot of beans in the hole, cover with hot ashes and sand and bake all night.

1988 Orange Coast Mag. Oct. 83/1 Continental breakfast with breads freshly baked by the inn's chef.

2012 Independent on Sunday 29 Jan. (New Review) 40/1 I remember baking my first chocolate cake.

b. intransitive. To prepare and cook food (in later use esp. bread, cakes, pastries, etc.) in this way.

ΚΠ

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) xxvi. 26 Ic sende cwealm on eow, & hungor, swa ðæt fif bacað on anum ofne.

c1300 St. Cuthbert (Laud) l. 73 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 361 To þe bachouse he ȝeode him-seolf, ase þe bakares hadden i-bake..to fetten bred al hot.

1447 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1447 §23. m. 1 And other fredoms to bye or sell, or bake or brue to sell within the townes of Northwales..be voide and of no value.

1581 York Bakers' Guild §39 in Archæol. Rev. (1888) May 218 If any jurneyman..dothe promise anie maister to come and helpe him to bake at tyme appointed.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 92 I wash, ring, brew, bake, scowre..make the beds, and doe all my selfe.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 145 When I wanted to bake, I made a great Fire upon my Hearth, which I had pav'd with some square Tiles of my own making.

1851 Harper's Mag. Aug. 386/1 She had previously been baking, and her hands..were white with flour.

1902 Churchman 27 Dec. 855/2 Mrs. Bain was baking when Ellen Ann opened the door; the kitchen smelled delightfully nice and spicy.

2004 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 10 June (Food section) g6 MacDonald and her husband share the cooking. She makes most of the dinners, he loves to bake and barbecue.

c. intransitive. Of food: to be cooked by exposure to dry heat, esp. in an oven.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > undergo cooking [verb (intransitive)] > undergo baking

bakea1425

a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 116 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 124 Set hem in an ovene and lat hem bake eselich.

1573 J. Partridge Treasurie Commodious Conceits sig. B.ii Season them [sc. Woodcoks] with Pepper and salte, and a good quantytie of butter, let them bake one howre & a half, & so serue them.

1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega Royal Comm. Peru vii. vi. 258 They kneaded their Bread called Cancu, which..they made up in Balls, and put them into a dry pot without liquour to bake, for as yet they knew not the use of Ovens.

1828 H. Walter Hist. Eng. I. i. v. 164 The good-wife of the house bade him attend to the cakes baking on the hearth, whilst she quitted the house.

1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 11/3 From the kitchen there came a fragrant odor of fruit cake baking all one day.

2017 Irish Times (Nexis) 3 June (Saturday Mag.) 30 Place in the oven to bake for 10 minutes.

2. transitive. To dry and harden (clay, bricks, tiles, etc.) by exposure to heat, esp. by firing in a kiln. Cf. fire v.¹ 6c.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > pottery-making or ceramics > make pottery [verb (transitive)] > fire or bake

bakea1325

coct1662

refire1858

prefire1944

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2551 (MED) Ðo sette sundri hem to waken [read baken] His tigel and lim and walles maken.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xi. 3 Make we tiel stonys, and bake [E.V. a1425 Corpus Oxf. seethe] we tho with fier.

1595 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Babilon 16 The brick-burner bakes within his smokie kell Claie into stone.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xiv. 126 The richest of such earth, (as pott earth and marle) will with much fire grow more compacted..as we see in baking them into pottes or fine brickes.

1763 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. (ed. 2) I. 377/1 In the east they baked their bricks in the sun; the Romans used them unburnt.

1868 J. Marryat Hist. Pottery & Porcelain (ed. 3) Gloss. 494/1 The furnaces employed to fire or bake pottery are of three descriptions.

1902 Connecticut School Jrnl. 24 Apr. 6/3 Common red and white bricks are baked from forty to sixty hours. Some fire-bricks are baked 150 hours.

1994 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 5 July 17 Clay is thrown or modelled, glazed, and baked in a kiln.

3. figurative and in figurative contexts.

a. transitive. To create, fashion, or produce (a person or thing) as if by baking.Chiefly as part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by age or cycles > ripen [verb (transitive)] > ripen > with heat

bake?1387

?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 78 (MED) Þe sclattes weren harde to be vndo, for þey were bake wiþ þe fier of coueytise and wiþ þe liȝe of lustis.

1605 R. Buckland tr. St. Victor Memorable Hist. Persecution in Africke i. iv. 22 Euen so haue I also already beene grownd in the mill of our Catholike Mother, purged as cleane flower,..and baked with the fire of the holy Ghost.

1645 J. Burroughes Irenicum 110 The heat of the sun of prosperity dissolves us,..but the heat of the fire of affliction bakes us, brings us and settles us together.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 93 The Vine her liquid Harvest yields, Bak'd in the Sun-shine.

1846 Debate on Slavery 228 Greek and Hebrew lexicons, grammars, critics, and commentators, one half of whose ideas are baked stiff in the oven of German hermaneutics [sic].

1994 D. Whyte Heart Aroused iii. 115 Work is the very fire where we are baked to perfection.

†b. transitive. To bring about (one's own suffering or damnation). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)]

yarec888

yarkc1000

graithc1175

readya1225

biredienc1275

to make yarec1290

forgraitha1300

adightc1330

buskc1330

purveyc1330

agraith1340

disposec1375

before-graithea1382

to forge and filec1381

to make readya1382

devisec1385

bounc1390

buss?a1400

address?a1425

parel?a1425

to get upc1425

providec1425

prepare1449

bakec1450

aready1470

arm?a1505

prevenea1522

get?1530

to get ready1530

to set in readiness1575

apply1577

compose1612

predy1627

make1637

to dispose of1655

do1660

fallowa1764

to line up1934

prep1936

tee1938

c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) l. 547 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 225 Whanne þou þus doist, þi bale þou bakist.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 48 (MED) Ȝowre owyn dampnacion xulde ȝe bake if ȝe me kepe from þis reed.

a. transitive. Of the sun or hot weather conditions: to heat (land, soil, etc.), esp. so as to cause drying, hardening, or caking. Cf. sense 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > make hard [verb (transitive)] > by heat

bake?c1400

thermo-harden1949

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) ii. met. vi. l. 1478 Þe violent wynde Nothus..bakiþ þe brennynge sandes by his drie hete.

1534 G. Joye in tr. Jeremy Prophete Pref. sig. A.iiii For rayne to geue vs drought & heat, to bake our lande in baraynes.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 141 The Sun..bak'd the Mud.

1822 Ld. Byron Heaven & Earth i. iii, in Liberal 1 181 When the hot sun hath baked the reeking soil Into a world.

1921 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 26/2 A summer of unequalled drought in Europe—the Thames drying up;..Switzerland baked by the sun until its lakes shrunk.

2009 Invertebr. Biol. 128 272/1 Prolonged hot and dry weather bakes the soil.

b. intransitive. Of land, soil, etc.: to become hard and dry as a result of heating by the sun or hot weather conditions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > become hard [verb (intransitive)] > with heat

bake1786

1786 Ann. Agric. 6 139 It [sc. the soil] is very ticklish, being apt to bake; it runs to mortar with rain, and bakes with a hot sun.

1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 357 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV When the proportions of clay and sand are such that the soil will not bake,..it may properly be called loam.

1987 D. J. Steinberg et al. In Search Southeast Asia (rev. ed.) i. 11 During the dry months that followed, as the fields baked hard and dry, they were cleared of stubble.

2006 Canberra Times (Nexis) 30 Nov. a2 When it is dry, the soil bakes, the reed beds die off, and passage is much easier.

5. transitive. To cause (something wet or damp) to dry and cling to something; to cause (something) to form a thick sticky mass. Frequently in passive, and with together, to, on to, or upon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)] > into a flattened mass

bakec1440

cake1615

c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 205 They..rafe of bustously his clothes þat were drye & bakene to his blessid body all-abowte hyme in his blyssede blode.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iv. 90 That very Mab that..bakes the Elklocks in foule sluttish haires.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 335 The old dirt is still baked upon my hands.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician i. 8 If the root of the Tongue and the Windpipe, have any glutinous stuff baked to them.

1863 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 18 8 Exposed to the air this marly clay disintegrates more or less, but gets baked together again by rain.

1921 Ann. Surg. 73 239 The tissues were found baked together so that dissection was unusually difficult.

2019 @DeanoB24 19 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 8 Aug. 2019) Once again come home from work to find breakfast bowls not washed and the uneaten cereal baked onto them.

6. transitive. Of cold weather or conditions: to harden (the ground, earth, etc.). Cf. sense 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > make hard [verb (transitive)] > as frost does

bake1577

bony1814

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 52^v The colde of the Winter [doth] bake & season the ground.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 257 To doe me businesse in the veines o' th' earth When it is bak'd with frost.

1798 Serious Refl. on Disturbances in Ireland 18 The earth is either baked in frost..or covered deep in snow.

1862 G. A. Sala Seven Sons Mammon I. v. 94 The blackest winter baked the earth to stone.

1902 Camp & Plant 5 Apr. 276/1 The snow plow had banked the snow up on each side,..and the frost had baked it so hard that a man could not break into it without tools.

2019 J. Flint Midland (e-book ed.) The air was still and cold,..the track beneath their feet baked hard by frost.

7. intransitive. To be or become extremely hot as a result of prolonged exposure to strong sunlight or other hot weather conditions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > have or get the sensation of heat

burnc1000

heata1300

enchafec1380

to catch or get a heat?1528

to-brenn1598

broil1623

bake1847

1847 A. Smith in Bentley's Misc. 22 302 They [sc. donkeys] bake in the sun, on the chalk cliffs above the Fort, until they become as tawny as the slippers of their riders.

1878 H. Severne Chums iv. 36 I loved to lie baking in the heat of the sun.

1988 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 11 July (Late ed.) 8 Forest fires raged across Greece today as the country baked in blistering heat for the seventh day in succession.

2007 J. Coate in B. Carducci & M. Carducci Young Voices II. 209 Hot sun on my face, perspiration drips down my brow. Inside my practice clothes, I'm baking in this heat.

Phrases

P1. one's bread is baked.

a. One is done for; one is ruined or finished. Cf. to cook one's goose at goose n. 1d. Now rare (Irish English in later use).It is not clear whether the later Irish English use is a continuation of the earlier use, or is a development from Phrases 1b.Quot. 1807 may belong at Phrases 1b, but it seems more likely to belong here, as it refers to an Irish speaker.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [phrase] > done for

one's bread is bakedc1380

it is all dicky (with)1788

down the tube(s)1963

down the gurgler1981

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 577 For euere my bred had be bake myn lyf dawes had be tynt.

1807 Sporting Mag. Oct. 16/2 When it was announced to the witty Curran, that he was appointed Master of the Rolls, his immediate reply was, ‘Then my bread's baked.’

1831 S. Lover Legends & Stories Ireland 199 He made a dart out o' bed, and run over to the door, and got betune it and the fox; and ‘now,’ says he, ‘your bread's baked, my buck.’

1845 W. Carleton Art Maguire 214 Maybe..I may find it necessary to vex him, an' if I do, remember you won't let him get at me, or my bread's baked.

2002 Irish News (Nexis) 2 Feb. 8 If a man was dying, the neighbours would say ‘His bread is baked’.

†b. Scottish. One's fortune is assured. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets iii. 22 I'll tell ye Baws,—I've laid a Plot, That only wants your casting Vote, And if you'll gie't, your Bread is baken.

1752 Pref. p. ix in A. Pitcairn Assembly (new ed.) He is as comical in giving the Communion; for lately, at Cramond, he clapt a Bit of Bread in his next Neighbour's Hand, and said, Saint, eat this, and your Bread's baken.

1822 Sc. Haggis 150 He appeared..in the market, jumping and louping about, exclaiming, ‘God be prais'd, I've found it! I've found it! my bread's baken! my bread's baken!’

†P2. Proverb. as you bake, so shall you brew and variants: you will carry on as you began; your earlier decisions will determine subsequent actions, behaviour, etc. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1567 T. Stapleton Counterblast iii. f. 390^v But (as the prouerbe is) looke howe you haue brewed, so must you bake.

1675 C. Cotton Burlesque upon Burlesque 150 I Should do very imprudently, In a contest of this high nature..Either to meddle or to make: But as they brew, so let 'um bake.

1804 M. Edgeworth Rosanna vii, in Pop. Tales (1813) I. 283 I warned you not to fall in love with an Irishwoman, to which I told you I could never give my consent. As you bake so you must brew.

1922 S. J. Weyman Ovington's Bank xxiii. 245 Who but a fool would ha' signed such an agreement? No, you may go, my lad. As you ha' brewed you may bake!

P3. U.S. baked in the cake: inevitable or unavoidable as a result of existing circumstances, attitudes, etc.

ΚΠ

1978 Tampa (Florida) Tribune 14 Oct. 5 b/1 We'll certainly get a recession in 1980... It's baked in the cake.

2017 Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram (Nexis) 24 Sept. 35 Every woman who has mustered the courage to run knows that her gender will be targeted in the campaign, in the election and while she's in office. Sexism is baked in the cake.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to bake in

1. transitive. To fix or embed (an object, substance, etc.) into something, usually by the application of heat; spec. to cause (dirt or a stain) to become deeply ingrained.

ΚΠ

1863 Horological Jrnl. June 114/2 Porcelain scales, having the marks etched upon them by acid and permanently blackened and baked in.

1886 Dental Cosmos 28 586 In baking the pins in, the surface is fused over with enamel.

1922 Sweet's Archit. Catal. (ed. 17) 2128/1 Blood stained goods put through a disinfector have the stains baked in.

1974 Woman's Day (N.Y.) Jan. 12/1 The colors intensify and are baked in so they won't smudge.

2001 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 16 Mar. 30 Steam cleaning..can shrink the material and bake in the dirt.

2. transitive. To incorporate (something) as an integral, fundamental, or unalterable part of a product, system, etc. Used esp. in the context of computer software. Cf. baked-in adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1994 Communications Daily (Nexis) 12 Jan. 3 We can build privacy into the system, but if we bake in strong cryptography we may let bad guys do some bad things.

2005 FD Wire (Nexis) 26 Jan. We wanted to bake in the long-term incentive into the overall comp plan.

2019 @jrgibson1 3 July in twitter.com (accessed 15 July 2019) It's really up to the developer if they can be *bothered* implementing an API. There's some..that really should just be baked in at a system level rather than an app level.

3. transitive. To promote or reinforce the acceptance of (an idea, practice, etc.).

ΚΠ

2008 @GeraldBuckley 29 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 15 July 2019) Voting ‘yes’ further bakes in the notion that irrational business practices have no consequence.

2019 Daily Beast (Nexis) 26 May Our schools and districts reflect and bake in divisions based on class, race, and religion.

to bake out

transitive. Science and Engineering. To heat (a sample, device, apparatus, etc.) in order to remove moisture or volatile substances; to remove (moisture or volatile substances) by heating. Cf. bakeout n. at Compounds.

ΚΠ

1916 Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 29 154 By baking out the bulb containing the gage at 300° C. for one hour, the pressure became 0.03 bar.

1947 D. C. Hess Isotopic Constit. Europium, Gadolinium & Terbium 11 Attempts to bake out the gas at the high temperature necessary for operation results in loss of the sample while the outgassing process is going on.

1958 Rev. Sci. Instruments 29 368/1 With the roughing pump pinched off..and the system then thoroughly baked out while pumping with the electronic pump, very low pressures can be achieved.

2014 D. J. Geist et al. in K. S. Harpp et al. Galápagos viii. 149/2 Argon extraction was done under vacuum after the system was baked out to remove extraneous gases.

Compounds

bakehead n. U.S. slang (now historical). a person employed to tend a fire or furnace on a steam locomotive.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > fireman

fireman1849

bakehead1907

tallow pot1914

1907 Railroad Telegrapher July 1092/1 Gallop up on the back of the tender and stay there, see, and when the bake head goes shy on the diamonds [i.e. coal] you ladle it down to him.

2012 S. Russell Dead Man's Tunnel xxiii. 178 The bakehead opened the firebox, the heat blasting into the cab.

bake-kettle n. North American (now chiefly historical) a heavy pot used for baking over an open fire, typically having three short legs and a tightly fitting lid; cf. Dutch oven n. (a) at Dutch adj., n.¹, and adv. Compounds 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > tin or pan

bake panc1350

trap?c1390

roaster1649

pattypan1660

cake pan1714

hoop1736

cake tin1771

baking tin?1775

tin1795

bake-kettle1828

bun-pana1845

brick tin1880

springform1902

tourtière1959

1828 Vermont Watchman & State Gaz. 20 May R. & J. Wainwright Have just received a fresh supply of Cast Iron Ware..; consisting of the most approved..Chaldron Kettles..Andirons; Spiders; Bake Kettles.

1852 S. Moodie in R. Brown & D. Bennett Anthol. Canad. Lit. in Eng. (1982) I. 92 Moodie had brought in a brace of fine fat partridges that morning... In less than ten minutes they were stuffed, trussed, and in the bake-kettle.

1905 Ohio Farmer 2 Sept. 20/3 This was esteemed highly in ‘ye olden time’ and was baked by our grandmothers in an old-fashioned ‘bake kettle’, before an old-fashioned fire-place.

2014 P. Marcoux Cooking with Fire iii. 156 Thanks to a small, but persistent, market of enthusiasts, new bake-kettles are still available, squat legs, straight sides, ember-holding lid, and all.

bake office n. English regional (East Anglian) (a) a place in which bread is made (now historical); (b) a baker's shop (obsolete rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking establishment or kitchen > [noun] > bakery

bakehousea1225

baking house1440

pistrinea1483

bakery1598

bread shop1773

bakeshop1789

bake office1874

1760 Ipswich Jrnl. 26 Apr. 3/3 (advt.) To be Lett and Enter'd upon directly. An old and well-accustom'd Bake-Office, with all Conveniences both for Business and a Family.

1860 Great Yarmouth Election: Minutes of Evid. Select Comm. 42/2 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 127) XI. 443 You mean a baker's shop?—Yes; I call it a bake office.

1874 in J. Thirsk & J. Imray Suffolk Farming 19th Cent. (1958) 121 Bake office common to the 3 tenements.

1970 G. E. Evans Where Beards wag All iv. 57 During the late nineteenth and the beginning of this century, the owner of the house had been a baker; and the back premises were the bake-office.

bakeout n. Science and Engineering the heating of a sample, device, apparatus, etc., in order to remove moisture or volatile substances, esp. before some operation is carried out (cf. to bake out at Phrasal verbs).

ΚΠ

1927 Gen. Electric Rev. July 346/1 For initial starting of the rectifier (bakeout) it is necessary to provide for the supply of low voltage to the anodes.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. Bake-out, the preliminary heating of the electrodes and container of a mercury-arc rectifier, to ensure freedom from the later release of gases.

1989 Nature 10 Aug. 462/1 One possible explanation is that Ar solubility in eclogitic inclusions is low and easily masked by contaminating modern atmospheric argon. Pre-analysis bake-out, however, should remove this component.

2011 I. R. Walker Reliability Sci. Res. vi. 165 The process of bakeout can subject brittle items, such as glasses and ceramics..to large thermal stresses which can cause leaks.

bake oven n. originally and chiefly North American (now historical or archaic) (a) an oven, sometimes one built as a separate structure rather than within another building; (b) a heavy pot or pan used for baking bread, etc.; cf. bake pan n. [Perhaps after Dutch bakoven (17th cent.; compare Middle Low German backōven , Middle High German backoven (German Backofen )); compare earlier baking oven n. at baking n. Compounds 2.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] > oven

ovenOE

baking oven1598

brick oven1750

bake oven1772

1772 J. J. Bachmair Compl. German Gram. (ed. 3) 292/1 Ein Back-Ofen, a Bake oven.

1777 in Documents Revol. Hist. State New Jersey (1901) I. 335 A Good two story Brick-House,..[with] bake-oven, a cedar log barn, and stables.

1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) 19 Bake-Oven. This term is often used in the West for the simple word oven in a bakery. It is also applied to the iron bake pan.

1982 S. Strasser Never Done (2000) ii. 35 A few homes provided brick bake ovens, built into the side of the kitchen fireplace..or as a separate structure outside the house.

1996 T. L. Tedrow Younguns Mansfield xviii. 72 Little Sammy watched the iron bake-oven sit on the coals.

2014 R. Goldberg Motherland (e-book ed.) There was a full bake oven in the cellar, and the family made enough loaves and pies for the week.

bake pan n. now chiefly North American (originally) a heavy pot or pan used for baking bread, etc. (now rare); (later) a baking tin or tray.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > tin or pan

bake panc1350

trap?c1390

roaster1649

pattypan1660

cake pan1714

hoop1736

cake tin1771

baking tin?1775

tin1795

bake-kettle1828

bun-pana1845

brick tin1880

springform1902

tourtière1959

c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 17* Astrere et carboun, Bake-panne and colys.

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 529 Bake them vnder a bake-pan of earth.

?c1785 London, Bristol, Sheffield & Birmingham Wares imported by J. Andrews, Boston (single sheet) A great Variety of Cast Iron Ware, consisting of Pot-ash-Kettles, and Coolers, Potts and Kettles, Skillets, Bake-Pans, [etc.].

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxv. 133 Tin bake-pans and other notions.

2013 Daily Republican Reg. (Mt. Carmel, Illinois) 21 Nov. (Holiday Cookbook section) 11 Mix well, spread into a 13″x9″x2″ bake pan. Bake at 325° for 25-33 minutes.

bake pot n. originally Canadian regional (Newfoundland); later also South African any of various types of pot used for cooking and baking; esp. a cast-iron pot used over an open fire.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > other types of pot or pan

olla1535

pipkin1554

marmite1581

diet-pot1617

pipkinet1647

chocolate pot1676

gotch1691

lead1741

puchero1791

steamer1814

bake pot1822

kedgeree-pot1824

braising-pan1825

handi1847

craggan1880

yabba1889

sufuria1891

dixie1900

Revere1901

pressure cooker1914

pressure saucepan1940

li1945

wok1952

li ting1958

firepot1959

fondue pot1959

tian1978

1822 Newfoundland Mercantile Jrnl. 20 June Will be sold, by public auction... Bake pots, raisins in boxes, mops.

1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada App. 321 Those that bake what I term a shanty loaf, in an iron bake-pot, or kettle, placed on the hot embers, set the dough to rise over a very few embers.

1988 L. S. Dixon in C. Pedersen Down Memory Lane at Riet River 51 Cooking was done on an open fire, much of it in the cast-iron bakepot.

2003 St. John's (Newfoundland) Telegram (Nexis) 21 Dec. b1 Mother would be making the big Christmas cakes... She'd cut up brown paper bags and grease them for the big iron bake pots.

bake sale n. originally U.S. a sale of donated (and usually homemade) baked goods, held as a fundraising event.

ΚΠ

1897 Daily Californian (Bakersfield) 6 Dec. Another bake sale will be given Saturday afternoon at Drury's drug store.

1949 N. Jones For Goodness' Sake 60 You then speak of the Bake Sale the previous Saturday and grow lyrical about the home-made bread offered there.

2006 Luton Today (Nexis) 24 Mar. There were cakes galore at Ashton Middle School when it held a bake sale in aid of charity.

bakeshop n. North American a place where bread, cakes, etc., are made or sold; a bakery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking establishment or kitchen > [noun] > bakery

bakehousea1225

baking house1440

pistrinea1483

bakery1598

bread shop1773

bakeshop1789

bake office1874

society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop selling provisions > baked goods or pastry

baker1548

pie house1589

baker's shop1593

bakery1598

cake house1641

pastry shop1656

bakehouse1714

bread shop1773

bakeshop1789

confectionery shop1801

confectionery1803

patisserie1824

cakery1841

bun-shop1889

pasticceria1921

konditorei1935

1789 Kentucky Gaz. 25 Apr. 1/4 A Bake Shop in Lexington..where may be had..several kinds of bread.

1895 Weekly Northwestern Miller 20 Dec. 1015/2 There is a certain bakeshop in Chester which has a great reputation for its bridal cakes.

2008 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 126/3 The two women parted ways, and one of them opened a rival bakery called Buttercup Bake Shop.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	bake
释义	baken.¹ Brit. /beɪk/, U.S. /beɪk/, Caribbean English /beːk/ Forms: α. late Middle English baken, late Middle English bakyn. β. late Middle English– bake; also Scottish pre-1700 baick, pre-1700 beak, pre-1700 1700s– baik. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English baken , bake ; bake v. Etymology: Originally (chiefly in α. forms) < baken, bake, strong past participles of bake v. (compare Forms 3aα. and 3aβ. at that entry). In later use directly < bake v. With sense 1a compare bakemeat n. With sense 3 compare earlier baking n. 1. a. A dish cooked by baking, typically consisting of a mixture of different ingredients cooked together in the same pot or pan. In later use chiefly with preceding modifying word or words indicating a principal ingredient (and usually referring to a savoury dish), as in pasta bake, tuna bake, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > [noun] > dish > made dish confection1393 bakea1425 manger1574 made dish1616 made dish1621 court-disha1656 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > food by way of preparation > [noun] > cooked food > baked food bakea1425 baking1440 baked meata1576 baked goods1865 bakeware1909 tian1955 a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 221 (MED) Þare war we served wele..Us wanted nowþer baken ne roste. a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 61 (MED) Vn Lechemete. Vn bake, videlicet Crustade. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Acapna thysia, sacrifices without smoke: spoken of a simple feaste wherin is neyther bake, sodde, nor roste. 1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) xii. 302 They can dress..upon this stove, a roast, a boill, a fry, a stew and a bake. 1947 Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 9 Oct. 18/1 (heading) Walla Walla spinach bake. 1985 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 23 June Spinach Pasta Bake is both economical and filling. 2019 @JeanHaines 16 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 13 Aug. 2019) New recipe of the day. Honey and mustard vegetable bake with white wine sauce. b. Scottish. A biscuit. Now only in butter bake (see butter n.¹ Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] biscuit?a1400 biscuit bread1440 bake1523 biscake1650 cookie1701 bicky1834 sandwich biscuit1901 sandwich cookie1905 1523 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 215 Anent the flour baiks and fadges that cumes fra landwart into this toune to sell. 1614 in J. S. Clouston Rec. Earldom of Orkney (1914) 383 Send to the gudwyf..a doson baikes. 1786 R. Burns Holy Fair xviii, in Poems 49 Here's crying out for bakes an' gills. 1823 J. Galt Entail III. xxiii. 222 We can divide the bakes. 1925 Scots Mag. Jan. 278 Ay, ay, Bauldie; jist lea' doon yer maik, an' rax ower for the baik yersel'. 2015 @alinicebuns 6 Jan. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Viennesse [sic] whirls, ‘old skool’ butter bakes sandwiched with vanilla frosting and raspberry jam. c. In the Caribbean: a type of bread in the form of a round flattened loaf of baked or roasted dough. Also: a small round flattened piece of fried (or occasionally baked) dough, served as an accompaniment to a meal (usually in plural). Frequently with preceding modifying word, as in fried bake, roasted bake, soda bake, etc. Cf. johnnycake n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > other types of bread sergeant-loafa1348 clear-matin1362 bean-breadc1380 French bread1420 pease-breada1425 bran-breadc1425 grey breadc1430 angels' breadc1440 dough bread?a1500 baker's bread?1550 acorn bread1571 cart-bread1574 chapter-bread1600 diet-bread1617 ember-bread1681 buff coat1688 bust-coat1706 Picentine bread1712 chestnut-bread1814 naan1828 gluten-bread1846 to-bread1854 batch-bread1862 injera1868 coffee cake1879 pan dulce1882 quick bread1882 sour bread1884 Tommy1895 focaccia1905 hard-dough bread1911 hush puppy1918 potica1927 spoon bread1932 bake1933 pitta1936 hard-dough1966 pain de campagne1970 pocket bread1973 ciabatta1985 pain au levain1985 levain1991 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > bread dish > [noun] > fried bread dishes frybread1932 bake1933 calzone1933 sopaipilla1934 matzo brei1949 kachori1954 panzerotto1967 1933 Prelim. Rep. Cane Farming Industry Trinidad, 1932 (Trinidad Dept. Agric.) 55 Specimen diets of East Indians and West Indians... Evening Meal... West Indians... Roasted bakes... Fried Bakes. 1952 S. Selvon Brighter Sun ii. 24 The venders also sell bake—a kind of bread—and accra and float. 1991 Diver June 75/2 For breakfast, I ate buljol and soda bakes. 1998 Toronto Star (Nexis) 23 Dec. There was also salt fish, fruitcake, roast bake (biscuits also known as Johnny Cakes) and corn soup. 2008 Caribbean Rev. Bks. Feb. 31/2 The poor, uneducated mother..who lets him sleep late then comes into his room with hot chocolate and fried bakes. 2. North American. A social event, usually held outdoors, at which a particular type of food is cooked and eaten.Recorded earliest in clambake n. a. See also mussel bake n. at mussel n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > picnic or packed meal > [noun] > clam-bake or fish-fry squantum1812 fish-fry1824 bake1835 clambake1835 1835 Fall River (Mass.) Monitor 4 July 2/2 We understand that some of the different societies here will hold meetings in their several churches, and that addresses will be given... Others will set down to a social family dinner or perhaps to a good clam-bake. 1842 Graham's Mag. Sept. 216/2 The table, spread by fair hands, is ready—and now the bake begins! 1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat viii. 148 He saw that it was a Girl Scout wienie bake. 2017 C. S. Martin & D. N. Stone Rhode Island Clam Shacks i. 16 Every bake needs a bakemaster. 3. An act or instance of baking something, esp. bread, cakes, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [noun] > baking bakingc1330 batch1440 furnagec1468 bakery1615 bake1843 1843 E. G. Kelley Pop. Treat. Human Teeth 180 If the bake is successful, the [artificial] teeth are ready for use. 1882 J. A. Lees & W. J. Clutterbuck Three in Norway xvi. 126 After this Esau finished the oven, and accomplished a bake of bread therein. 1961 Guardian 27 Sept. 8/3 Many older housewives..find great satisfaction in a monster weekly ‘bake’. 2014 @officialjonot 10 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 13 Aug. 2019) New loaf tin arrived just in time for the twice weekly bake. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022). baken.² Brit. /beɪk/, U.S. /beɪk/, Irish English /beːk/ Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: beak n.¹ Etymology: Representing a regional and colloquial pronunciation of beak n.¹ Irish English (northern) slang. 1. The face. Also: the nose. ΚΠ 1851 People's & Howitt's Jrnl. 4 98/2 Bad scran to the mouthful o' dinner a swally'd this last fortnight that hadn't the thrack o' yer own ugly bake in it. 1997 Irish Times (Nexis) 11 Oct. (City ed.) 61 That wee girl always has her bake in a book. 2017 @gunnsara 4 June in twitter.com (accessed 16 July 2019) Oh aye. Love that handsome oul bake [‘smiling face with heart-eyes’ emoji]. 2. The mouth. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun] moutheOE billa1000 munc1400 mussa1529 mouc1540 gan1567 gob1568 bouche1582 oven1593 taster1596 Pipe Office1609 neba1616 gab1681 gam1724 mouthpiece1738 potato-trap1785 potato-jaw1791 fly-trapc1795 trap1796 mouthie1801 mug1820 gin-trap1824 rattletrap1824 box1830 mouf1836 bread trap1838 puss1844 tater-trap1846 gash1852 kissing trap1854 shop1855 north and south1858 mooey1859 kisser1860 gingerbread-trap1864 bazoo1877 bake1893 tattie-trap1894 yap1900 smush1930 gate1937 cakehole1943 motormouth1976 pie hole1983 geggie1985 1893 Ballymena Observer 14 July 1/6 The defendant..shoved her [sc. the plaintiff].., threatening..that if she opened her ‘bake’ he would kick her into the drain. 1977 J. Morrow Confessions Proinsias O'Toole 22 Now every time I open my bake he's on the blower to one of them Prod puffs in the BBC he went to college with. 2019 @julieb_lfc 27 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 16 July 2019) Shut your bake wee lad. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bakev. Brit. /beɪk/, U.S. /beɪk/ Forms: 1. Present stem Old English bacan, Old English bakan (rare), Old English bæcst (2nd singular indicative), early Middle English bace, Middle English– bake, 1500s baake, 1500s back- (in compounds), 1500s–1600s beake; English regional 1800s beeak (Yorkshire), 1900s– baake (Lincolnshire); Scottish pre-1700 baike, pre-1700 bak, pre-1700 beack, pre-1700 beak, pre-1700 1700s–1900s baik, pre-1700 1700s– bake, 1800s bauk (north-eastern); Irish English (Wexford) 1800s baake. 2. Past tense. a. Strong Old English–Middle English boc, Middle English boke, Middle English booc, Middle English book; Scottish pre-1700 beuke, pre-1700 buik, pre-1700 1700s 1900s– beuk, pre-1700 1800s buke. b. Weak Middle English bakide, Middle English– baked, 1500s–1600s bak't, 1600s bak'd, 1600s bakd. 3. Past participle. a. Strong. α. Old English bæcen (rare), Old English gebacen, Old English–early Middle English bacen, Old English (rare)–1600s baken, early Middle English bakenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ȝebaccen, Middle English bacun, Middle English bakene, Middle English bakne, Middle English bakun, Middle English bakyne, Middle English ybaken, Middle English–1500s bakyn; Scottish pre-1700 backin, pre-1700 baickine, pre-1700 baikin, pre-1700 bakin, pre-1700 bakne, pre-1700 bakyn, pre-1700 baykin, pre-1700 beackine, pre-1700 1700s baiken, pre-1700 1700s– baken. β. Middle English baake, Middle English bak, Middle English ibake, Middle English ybake, Middle English–1500s bake. γ. Scottish 1700s bewk. b. Weak late Middle English– baked, 1500s baket, 1500s beyked, 1500s–1600s bak'd, 1500s–1600s bakt, 1600s bak't, 1600s bakd, 1600s bake't, 1700s backed, 1800s– baaked (English regional (Lincolnshire)), 1900s byaukit (Scottish (north-eastern)), 1900s– baikit (Scottish). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian baka , Middle Dutch bāken (rare), Old High German bachan , bahhan (Middle High German bachen , German regional (south-western) bachen ), and also (with gemination of the internal consonant, the cause of which is uncertain and disputed) Middle Dutch backen (Dutch bakken ), Old Saxon bak- (in compounds; Middle Low German backen ), Old High German (apparently originally western) bacchan (Middle High German backen , German backen ) < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek ϕώγειν to roast, parch, toast, perhaps ultimately (with different extension) < the same Indo-European base as bath n.¹ Compare ( < the same Germanic base, with different stem) Old Icelandic baka, Old Swedish, Swedish baka, Old Danish bakæ (Danish bage), weak verb with the same sense.In Old English a strong verb of Class VI. Weak inflections are first found in Middle English and supersede the strong forms by the end of that period for the past tense, and in the 17th cent. for the past participle, except in Scotland, where strong forms are still sometimes found. The strong past participle is also preserved in slightly wider use in baken adj. In Old English the prefixed verb abacan to bake, prepare (bread) in an oven (compare a- prefix¹) is also attested. With the regional Scots forms bauk and byaukit compare the discussion at bakbrade n. 1. a. transitive. To cook (food) by dry heat, without direct exposure to flame, typically in an oven, or sometimes on a heated surface such as a griddle, baking stone, etc. Cf. roast v. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > cook [verb (transitive)] > bake bakeOE pistate1599 fire1736 OE Homily: Sermo ad Populum Dominicis Diebus (Lamb. 489) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 296 Þæt..man efesige oðerne man oððe bread bace oððe ænig ungelyfed þing bega on þam dæge [sc. on Sunday]. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 993 Bulltedd bræd Þatt bakenn wass inn ofne. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 2408 A capoun in that on was bake. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. iv. 40 The cornes..Thai grand, and syne buik at the fire. 1664 H. Wolley Cook's Guide 91 Fill your Tart and bake it but a little, and when it is enough, pour in a Custard. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 3 My bread is..baked in my own oven. 1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) ii. 76 To bake fish. A gentle oven may be used. 1895 New Eng. Kitchen Mag. Aug. 241/2 Put the pot of beans in the hole, cover with hot ashes and sand and bake all night. 1988 Orange Coast Mag. Oct. 83/1 Continental breakfast with breads freshly baked by the inn's chef. 2012 Independent on Sunday 29 Jan. (New Review) 40/1 I remember baking my first chocolate cake. b. intransitive. To prepare and cook food (in later use esp. bread, cakes, pastries, etc.) in this way. ΚΠ OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) xxvi. 26 Ic sende cwealm on eow, & hungor, swa ðæt fif bacað on anum ofne. c1300 St. Cuthbert (Laud) l. 73 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 361 To þe bachouse he ȝeode him-seolf, ase þe bakares hadden i-bake..to fetten bred al hot. 1447 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Feb. 1447 §23. m. 1 And other fredoms to bye or sell, or bake or brue to sell within the townes of Northwales..be voide and of no value. 1581 York Bakers' Guild §39 in Archæol. Rev. (1888) May 218 If any jurneyman..dothe promise anie maister to come and helpe him to bake at tyme appointed. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 92 I wash, ring, brew, bake, scowre..make the beds, and doe all my selfe. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 145 When I wanted to bake, I made a great Fire upon my Hearth, which I had pav'd with some square Tiles of my own making. 1851 Harper's Mag. Aug. 386/1 She had previously been baking, and her hands..were white with flour. 1902 Churchman 27 Dec. 855/2 Mrs. Bain was baking when Ellen Ann opened the door; the kitchen smelled delightfully nice and spicy. 2004 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 10 June (Food section) g6 MacDonald and her husband share the cooking. She makes most of the dinners, he loves to bake and barbecue. c. intransitive. Of food: to be cooked by exposure to dry heat, esp. in an oven. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > undergo cooking [verb (intransitive)] > undergo baking bakea1425 a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 116 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 124 Set hem in an ovene and lat hem bake eselich. 1573 J. Partridge Treasurie Commodious Conceits sig. B.ii Season them [sc. Woodcoks] with Pepper and salte, and a good quantytie of butter, let them bake one howre & a half, & so serue them. 1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega Royal Comm. Peru vii. vi. 258 They kneaded their Bread called Cancu, which..they made up in Balls, and put them into a dry pot without liquour to bake, for as yet they knew not the use of Ovens. 1828 H. Walter Hist. Eng. I. i. v. 164 The good-wife of the house bade him attend to the cakes baking on the hearth, whilst she quitted the house. 1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 11/3 From the kitchen there came a fragrant odor of fruit cake baking all one day. 2017 Irish Times (Nexis) 3 June (Saturday Mag.) 30 Place in the oven to bake for 10 minutes. 2. transitive. To dry and harden (clay, bricks, tiles, etc.) by exposure to heat, esp. by firing in a kiln. Cf. fire v.¹ 6c. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > pottery-making or ceramics > make pottery [verb (transitive)] > fire or bake bakea1325 coct1662 refire1858 prefire1944 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2551 (MED) Ðo sette sundri hem to waken [read baken] His tigel and lim and walles maken. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xi. 3 Make we tiel stonys, and bake [E.V. a1425 Corpus Oxf. seethe] we tho with fier. 1595 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Babilon 16 The brick-burner bakes within his smokie kell Claie into stone. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xiv. 126 The richest of such earth, (as pott earth and marle) will with much fire grow more compacted..as we see in baking them into pottes or fine brickes. 1763 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. (ed. 2) I. 377/1 In the east they baked their bricks in the sun; the Romans used them unburnt. 1868 J. Marryat Hist. Pottery & Porcelain (ed. 3) Gloss. 494/1 The furnaces employed to fire or bake pottery are of three descriptions. 1902 Connecticut School Jrnl. 24 Apr. 6/3 Common red and white bricks are baked from forty to sixty hours. Some fire-bricks are baked 150 hours. 1994 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 5 July 17 Clay is thrown or modelled, glazed, and baked in a kiln. 3. figurative and in figurative contexts. a. transitive. To create, fashion, or produce (a person or thing) as if by baking.Chiefly as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by age or cycles > ripen [verb (transitive)] > ripen > with heat bake?1387 ?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 78 (MED) Þe sclattes weren harde to be vndo, for þey were bake wiþ þe fier of coueytise and wiþ þe liȝe of lustis. 1605 R. Buckland tr. St. Victor Memorable Hist. Persecution in Africke i. iv. 22 Euen so haue I also already beene grownd in the mill of our Catholike Mother, purged as cleane flower,..and baked with the fire of the holy Ghost. 1645 J. Burroughes Irenicum 110 The heat of the sun of prosperity dissolves us,..but the heat of the fire of affliction bakes us, brings us and settles us together. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 93 The Vine her liquid Harvest yields, Bak'd in the Sun-shine. View more context for this quotation 1846 Debate on Slavery 228 Greek and Hebrew lexicons, grammars, critics, and commentators, one half of whose ideas are baked stiff in the oven of German hermaneutics [sic]. 1994 D. Whyte Heart Aroused iii. 115 Work is the very fire where we are baked to perfection. †b. transitive. To bring about (one's own suffering or damnation). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] yarec888 yarkc1000 graithc1175 readya1225 biredienc1275 to make yarec1290 forgraitha1300 adightc1330 buskc1330 purveyc1330 agraith1340 disposec1375 before-graithea1382 to forge and filec1381 to make readya1382 devisec1385 bounc1390 buss?a1400 address?a1425 parel?a1425 to get upc1425 providec1425 prepare1449 bakec1450 aready1470 arm?a1505 prevenea1522 get?1530 to get ready1530 to get ready1530 to set in readiness1575 apply1577 compose1612 predy1627 make1637 to dispose of1655 do1660 fallowa1764 to line up1934 prep1936 tee1938 c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) l. 547 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 225 Whanne þou þus doist, þi bale þou bakist. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 48 (MED) Ȝowre owyn dampnacion xulde ȝe bake if ȝe me kepe from þis reed. 4. a. transitive. Of the sun or hot weather conditions: to heat (land, soil, etc.), esp. so as to cause drying, hardening, or caking. Cf. sense 6. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > make hard [verb (transitive)] > by heat bake?c1400 thermo-harden1949 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) ii. met. vi. l. 1478 Þe violent wynde Nothus..bakiþ þe brennynge sandes by his drie hete. 1534 G. Joye in tr. Jeremy Prophete Pref. sig. A.iiii For rayne to geue vs drought & heat, to bake our lande in baraynes. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 141 The Sun..bak'd the Mud. View more context for this quotation 1822 Ld. Byron Heaven & Earth i. iii, in Liberal 1 181 When the hot sun hath baked the reeking soil Into a world. 1921 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 26/2 A summer of unequalled drought in Europe—the Thames drying up;..Switzerland baked by the sun until its lakes shrunk. 2009 Invertebr. Biol. 128 272/1 Prolonged hot and dry weather bakes the soil. b. intransitive. Of land, soil, etc.: to become hard and dry as a result of heating by the sun or hot weather conditions. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > become hard [verb (intransitive)] > with heat bake1786 1786 Ann. Agric. 6 139 It [sc. the soil] is very ticklish, being apt to bake; it runs to mortar with rain, and bakes with a hot sun. 1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 357 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV When the proportions of clay and sand are such that the soil will not bake,..it may properly be called loam. 1987 D. J. Steinberg et al. In Search Southeast Asia (rev. ed.) i. 11 During the dry months that followed, as the fields baked hard and dry, they were cleared of stubble. 2006 Canberra Times (Nexis) 30 Nov. a2 When it is dry, the soil bakes, the reed beds die off, and passage is much easier. 5. transitive. To cause (something wet or damp) to dry and cling to something; to cause (something) to form a thick sticky mass. Frequently in passive, and with together, to, on to, or upon. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)] > into a flattened mass bakec1440 cake1615 c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 205 They..rafe of bustously his clothes þat were drye & bakene to his blessid body all-abowte hyme in his blyssede blode. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. iv. 90 That very Mab that..bakes the Elklocks in foule sluttish haires. View more context for this quotation a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 335 The old dirt is still baked upon my hands. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician i. 8 If the root of the Tongue and the Windpipe, have any glutinous stuff baked to them. 1863 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 18 8 Exposed to the air this marly clay disintegrates more or less, but gets baked together again by rain. 1921 Ann. Surg. 73 239 The tissues were found baked together so that dissection was unusually difficult. 2019 @DeanoB24 19 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 8 Aug. 2019) Once again come home from work to find breakfast bowls not washed and the uneaten cereal baked onto them. 6. transitive. Of cold weather or conditions: to harden (the ground, earth, etc.). Cf. sense 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > make hard [verb (transitive)] > as frost does bake1577 bony1814 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 52^v The colde of the Winter [doth] bake & season the ground. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 257 To doe me businesse in the veines o' th' earth When it is bak'd with frost. View more context for this quotation 1798 Serious Refl. on Disturbances in Ireland 18 The earth is either baked in frost..or covered deep in snow. 1862 G. A. Sala Seven Sons Mammon I. v. 94 The blackest winter baked the earth to stone. 1902 Camp & Plant 5 Apr. 276/1 The snow plow had banked the snow up on each side,..and the frost had baked it so hard that a man could not break into it without tools. 2019 J. Flint Midland (e-book ed.) The air was still and cold,..the track beneath their feet baked hard by frost. 7. intransitive. To be or become extremely hot as a result of prolonged exposure to strong sunlight or other hot weather conditions. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > be hot [verb (intransitive)] > have or get the sensation of heat burnc1000 heata1300 enchafec1380 to catch or get a heat?1528 to-brenn1598 broil1623 bake1847 1847 A. Smith in Bentley's Misc. 22 302 They [sc. donkeys] bake in the sun, on the chalk cliffs above the Fort, until they become as tawny as the slippers of their riders. 1878 H. Severne Chums iv. 36 I loved to lie baking in the heat of the sun. 1988 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 11 July (Late ed.) 8 Forest fires raged across Greece today as the country baked in blistering heat for the seventh day in succession. 2007 J. Coate in B. Carducci & M. Carducci Young Voices II. 209 Hot sun on my face, perspiration drips down my brow. Inside my practice clothes, I'm baking in this heat. Phrases P1. one's bread is baked. a. One is done for; one is ruined or finished. Cf. to cook one's goose at goose n. 1d. Now rare (Irish English in later use).It is not clear whether the later Irish English use is a continuation of the earlier use, or is a development from Phrases 1b.Quot. 1807 may belong at Phrases 1b, but it seems more likely to belong here, as it refers to an Irish speaker. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [phrase] > done for one's bread is bakedc1380 it is all dicky (with)1788 down the tube(s)1963 down the gurgler1981 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 577 For euere my bred had be bake myn lyf dawes had be tynt. 1807 Sporting Mag. Oct. 16/2 When it was announced to the witty Curran, that he was appointed Master of the Rolls, his immediate reply was, ‘Then my bread's baked.’ 1831 S. Lover Legends & Stories Ireland 199 He made a dart out o' bed, and run over to the door, and got betune it and the fox; and ‘now,’ says he, ‘your bread's baked, my buck.’ 1845 W. Carleton Art Maguire 214 Maybe..I may find it necessary to vex him, an' if I do, remember you won't let him get at me, or my bread's baked. 2002 Irish News (Nexis) 2 Feb. 8 If a man was dying, the neighbours would say ‘His bread is baked’. †b. Scottish. One's fortune is assured. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets iii. 22 I'll tell ye Baws,—I've laid a Plot, That only wants your casting Vote, And if you'll gie't, your Bread is baken. 1752 Pref. p. ix in A. Pitcairn Assembly (new ed.) He is as comical in giving the Communion; for lately, at Cramond, he clapt a Bit of Bread in his next Neighbour's Hand, and said, Saint, eat this, and your Bread's baken. 1822 Sc. Haggis 150 He appeared..in the market, jumping and louping about, exclaiming, ‘God be prais'd, I've found it! I've found it! my bread's baken! my bread's baken!’ †P2. Proverb. as you bake, so shall you brew and variants: you will carry on as you began; your earlier decisions will determine subsequent actions, behaviour, etc. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1567 T. Stapleton Counterblast iii. f. 390^v But (as the prouerbe is) looke howe you haue brewed, so must you bake. 1675 C. Cotton Burlesque upon Burlesque 150 I Should do very imprudently, In a contest of this high nature..Either to meddle or to make: But as they brew, so let 'um bake. 1804 M. Edgeworth Rosanna vii, in Pop. Tales (1813) I. 283 I warned you not to fall in love with an Irishwoman, to which I told you I could never give my consent. As you bake so you must brew. 1922 S. J. Weyman Ovington's Bank xxiii. 245 Who but a fool would ha' signed such an agreement? No, you may go, my lad. As you ha' brewed you may bake! P3. U.S. baked in the cake: inevitable or unavoidable as a result of existing circumstances, attitudes, etc. ΚΠ 1978 Tampa (Florida) Tribune 14 Oct. 5 b/1 We'll certainly get a recession in 1980... It's baked in the cake. 2017 Long Beach (Calif.) Press-Telegram (Nexis) 24 Sept. 35 Every woman who has mustered the courage to run knows that her gender will be targeted in the campaign, in the election and while she's in office. Sexism is baked in the cake. Phrasal verbs With adverbs in specialized senses. to bake in 1. transitive. To fix or embed (an object, substance, etc.) into something, usually by the application of heat; spec. to cause (dirt or a stain) to become deeply ingrained. ΚΠ 1863 Horological Jrnl. June 114/2 Porcelain scales, having the marks etched upon them by acid and permanently blackened and baked in. 1886 Dental Cosmos 28 586 In baking the pins in, the surface is fused over with enamel. 1922 Sweet's Archit. Catal. (ed. 17) 2128/1 Blood stained goods put through a disinfector have the stains baked in. 1974 Woman's Day (N.Y.) Jan. 12/1 The colors intensify and are baked in so they won't smudge. 2001 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 16 Mar. 30 Steam cleaning..can shrink the material and bake in the dirt. 2. transitive. To incorporate (something) as an integral, fundamental, or unalterable part of a product, system, etc. Used esp. in the context of computer software. Cf. baked-in adj. 2. ΚΠ 1994 Communications Daily (Nexis) 12 Jan. 3 We can build privacy into the system, but if we bake in strong cryptography we may let bad guys do some bad things. 2005 FD Wire (Nexis) 26 Jan. We wanted to bake in the long-term incentive into the overall comp plan. 2019 @jrgibson1 3 July in twitter.com (accessed 15 July 2019) It's really up to the developer if they can be bothered implementing an API. There's some..that really should just be baked in at a system level rather than an app level. 3. transitive. To promote or reinforce the acceptance of (an idea, practice, etc.). ΚΠ 2008 @GeraldBuckley 29 Sept. in twitter.com (accessed 15 July 2019) Voting ‘yes’ further bakes in the notion that irrational business practices have no consequence. 2019 Daily Beast (Nexis) 26 May Our schools and districts reflect and bake in divisions based on class, race, and religion. to bake out transitive. Science and Engineering. To heat (a sample, device, apparatus, etc.) in order to remove moisture or volatile substances; to remove (moisture or volatile substances) by heating. Cf. bakeout n. at Compounds. ΚΠ 1916 Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 29 154 By baking out the bulb containing the gage at 300° C. for one hour, the pressure became 0.03 bar. 1947 D. C. Hess Isotopic Constit. Europium, Gadolinium & Terbium 11 Attempts to bake out the gas at the high temperature necessary for operation results in loss of the sample while the outgassing process is going on. 1958 Rev. Sci. Instruments 29 368/1 With the roughing pump pinched off..and the system then thoroughly baked out while pumping with the electronic pump, very low pressures can be achieved. 2014 D. J. Geist et al. in K. S. Harpp et al. Galápagos viii. 149/2 Argon extraction was done under vacuum after the system was baked out to remove extraneous gases. Compounds bakehead n. U.S. slang (now historical). a person employed to tend a fire or furnace on a steam locomotive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > fireman fireman1849 bakehead1907 tallow pot1914 1907 Railroad Telegrapher July 1092/1 Gallop up on the back of the tender and stay there, see, and when the bake head goes shy on the diamonds [i.e. coal] you ladle it down to him. 2012 S. Russell Dead Man's Tunnel xxiii. 178 The bakehead opened the firebox, the heat blasting into the cab. bake-kettle n. North American (now chiefly historical) a heavy pot used for baking over an open fire, typically having three short legs and a tightly fitting lid; cf. Dutch oven n. (a) at Dutch adj., n.¹, and adv. Compounds 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > tin or pan bake panc1350 trap?c1390 roaster1649 pattypan1660 cake pan1714 hoop1736 cake tin1771 baking tin?1775 tin1795 bake-kettle1828 bun-pana1845 brick tin1880 springform1902 tourtière1959 1828 Vermont Watchman & State Gaz. 20 May R. & J. Wainwright Have just received a fresh supply of Cast Iron Ware..; consisting of the most approved..Chaldron Kettles..Andirons; Spiders; Bake Kettles. 1852 S. Moodie in R. Brown & D. Bennett Anthol. Canad. Lit. in Eng. (1982) I. 92 Moodie had brought in a brace of fine fat partridges that morning... In less than ten minutes they were stuffed, trussed, and in the bake-kettle. 1905 Ohio Farmer 2 Sept. 20/3 This was esteemed highly in ‘ye olden time’ and was baked by our grandmothers in an old-fashioned ‘bake kettle’, before an old-fashioned fire-place. 2014 P. Marcoux Cooking with Fire iii. 156 Thanks to a small, but persistent, market of enthusiasts, new bake-kettles are still available, squat legs, straight sides, ember-holding lid, and all. bake office n. English regional (East Anglian) (a) a place in which bread is made (now historical); (b) a baker's shop (obsolete rare). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking establishment or kitchen > [noun] > bakery bakehousea1225 baking house1440 pistrinea1483 bakery1598 bread shop1773 bakeshop1789 bake office1874 1760 Ipswich Jrnl. 26 Apr. 3/3 (advt.) To be Lett and Enter'd upon directly. An old and well-accustom'd Bake-Office, with all Conveniences both for Business and a Family. 1860 Great Yarmouth Election: Minutes of Evid. Select Comm. 42/2 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 127) XI. 443 You mean a baker's shop?—Yes; I call it a bake office. 1874 in J. Thirsk & J. Imray Suffolk Farming 19th Cent. (1958) 121 Bake office common to the 3 tenements. 1970 G. E. Evans Where Beards wag All iv. 57 During the late nineteenth and the beginning of this century, the owner of the house had been a baker; and the back premises were the bake-office. bakeout n. Science and Engineering the heating of a sample, device, apparatus, etc., in order to remove moisture or volatile substances, esp. before some operation is carried out (cf. to bake out at Phrasal verbs). ΚΠ 1927 Gen. Electric Rev. July 346/1 For initial starting of the rectifier (bakeout) it is necessary to provide for the supply of low voltage to the anodes. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. Bake-out, the preliminary heating of the electrodes and container of a mercury-arc rectifier, to ensure freedom from the later release of gases. 1989 Nature 10 Aug. 462/1 One possible explanation is that Ar solubility in eclogitic inclusions is low and easily masked by contaminating modern atmospheric argon. Pre-analysis bake-out, however, should remove this component. 2011 I. R. Walker Reliability Sci. Res. vi. 165 The process of bakeout can subject brittle items, such as glasses and ceramics..to large thermal stresses which can cause leaks. bake oven n. originally and chiefly North American (now historical or archaic) (a) an oven, sometimes one built as a separate structure rather than within another building; (b) a heavy pot or pan used for baking bread, etc.; cf. bake pan n. [Perhaps after Dutch bakoven (17th cent.; compare Middle Low German backōven , Middle High German backoven (German Backofen )); compare earlier baking oven n. at baking n. Compounds 2.] ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] > oven ovenOE baking oven1598 brick oven1750 bake oven1772 1772 J. J. Bachmair Compl. German Gram. (ed. 3) 292/1 Ein Back-Ofen, a Bake oven. 1777 in Documents Revol. Hist. State New Jersey (1901) I. 335 A Good two story Brick-House,..[with] bake-oven, a cedar log barn, and stables. 1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) 19 Bake-Oven. This term is often used in the West for the simple word oven in a bakery. It is also applied to the iron bake pan. 1982 S. Strasser Never Done (2000) ii. 35 A few homes provided brick bake ovens, built into the side of the kitchen fireplace..or as a separate structure outside the house. 1996 T. L. Tedrow Younguns Mansfield xviii. 72 Little Sammy watched the iron bake-oven sit on the coals. 2014 R. Goldberg Motherland (e-book ed.) There was a full bake oven in the cellar, and the family made enough loaves and pies for the week. bake pan n. now chiefly North American (originally) a heavy pot or pan used for baking bread, etc. (now rare); (later) a baking tin or tray. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > ovenware > tin or pan bake panc1350 trap?c1390 roaster1649 pattypan1660 cake pan1714 hoop1736 cake tin1771 baking tin?1775 tin1795 bake-kettle1828 bun-pana1845 brick tin1880 springform1902 tourtière1959 c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 17* Astrere et carboun, Bake-panne and colys. 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 529 Bake them vnder a bake-pan of earth. ?c1785 London, Bristol, Sheffield & Birmingham Wares imported by J. Andrews, Boston (single sheet) A great Variety of Cast Iron Ware, consisting of Pot-ash-Kettles, and Coolers, Potts and Kettles, Skillets, Bake-Pans, [etc.]. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxv. 133 Tin bake-pans and other notions. 2013 Daily Republican Reg. (Mt. Carmel, Illinois) 21 Nov. (Holiday Cookbook section) 11 Mix well, spread into a 13″x9″x2″ bake pan. Bake at 325° for 25-33 minutes. bake pot n. originally Canadian regional (Newfoundland); later also South African any of various types of pot used for cooking and baking; esp. a cast-iron pot used over an open fire. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > other types of pot or pan olla1535 pipkin1554 marmite1581 diet-pot1617 pipkinet1647 chocolate pot1676 gotch1691 lead1741 puchero1791 steamer1814 bake pot1822 kedgeree-pot1824 braising-pan1825 handi1847 craggan1880 yabba1889 sufuria1891 dixie1900 Revere1901 pressure cooker1914 pressure saucepan1940 li1945 wok1952 li ting1958 firepot1959 fondue pot1959 tian1978 1822 Newfoundland Mercantile Jrnl. 20 June Will be sold, by public auction... Bake pots, raisins in boxes, mops. 1836 C. P. Traill Backwoods of Canada App. 321 Those that bake what I term a shanty loaf, in an iron bake-pot, or kettle, placed on the hot embers, set the dough to rise over a very few embers. 1988 L. S. Dixon in C. Pedersen Down Memory Lane at Riet River 51 Cooking was done on an open fire, much of it in the cast-iron bakepot. 2003 St. John's (Newfoundland) Telegram (Nexis) 21 Dec. b1 Mother would be making the big Christmas cakes... She'd cut up brown paper bags and grease them for the big iron bake pots. bake sale n. originally U.S. a sale of donated (and usually homemade) baked goods, held as a fundraising event. ΚΠ 1897 Daily Californian (Bakersfield) 6 Dec. Another bake sale will be given Saturday afternoon at Drury's drug store. 1949 N. Jones For Goodness' Sake 60 You then speak of the Bake Sale the previous Saturday and grow lyrical about the home-made bread offered there. 2006 Luton Today (Nexis) 24 Mar. There were cakes galore at Ashton Middle School when it held a bake sale in aid of charity. bakeshop n. North American a place where bread, cakes, etc., are made or sold; a bakery. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking establishment or kitchen > [noun] > bakery bakehousea1225 baking house1440 pistrinea1483 bakery1598 bread shop1773 bakeshop1789 bake office1874 society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop selling provisions > baked goods or pastry baker1548 pie house1589 baker's shop1593 bakery1598 cake house1641 pastry shop1656 bakehouse1714 bread shop1773 bakeshop1789 confectionery shop1801 confectionery1803 patisserie1824 cakery1841 bun-shop1889 pasticceria1921 konditorei1935 1789 Kentucky Gaz. 25 Apr. 1/4 A Bake Shop in Lexington..where may be had..several kinds of bread. 1895 Weekly Northwestern Miller 20 Dec. 1015/2 There is a certain bakeshop in Chester which has a great reputation for its bridal cakes. 2008 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 126/3 The two women parted ways, and one of them opened a rival bakery called Buttercup Bake Shop. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹a1425n.²1851v.OE
随便看	to drink off candleends to drink one's eyes out to drink one's eyes out of one's head to drink oneself drunk to drink oneself into incoherence to drink oneself into spirit to drink oneself out of a situation to drink oneself silly to drink oneself sleepy to drink oneself stupid to drink oneself tame to drink oneself to death to drink or eat out of doors to drink or lick on the whip to drink or lick up on the whip to drink or play cop-out to drink or play copout to drink out of or into to drink someone under the table to drink supernaculum to drink the cup, or chalice, of joy, sorrow, suffering to drink the haterade to drink the hen to drink the hen silver to drink the kool-aid

baken.1

baken.2

bakev.

Phrases

Phrasal verbs

Compounds

baken.¹

baken.²