nasturtiumn.

Brit.

/nəˈstəːʃ(ə)m/, U.S.

/næˈstərʃ(ə)m/,

/nəˈstərʃ(ə)m/

Forms: Old English–1700s nasturcium, Middle English naisturcium, Middle English narsturcium, Middle English narstuscium (transmission error), 1500s– nasturtium, 1600s nasturtia (plural), 1700s nastertium.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nasturcium.

Etymology: < classical Latin nasturcium, nasturtium, in antiquity taken to be < nas- (in nāsus : see nase n.) + tormentum torment n. or its etymon torquēre to twist (see torques n.), with reference to its pungency. Compare Italian nasturzio (1341–2; a1320 as nasturcio ), Spanish mastuerzo (1385, also 1659 (rare) nastuerzo ), Catalan nasturci (1492), Middle French, French †nasturce (1587, compare nasturces n.), Occitan nastor. Compare also Middle French, French nasitort (1556; 1505 as naritort), Old Occitan nazitort (13th cent., Occitan nasitòrt), calques on the Latin word.In sense 4 humorously for aspersion n. With forms in narst- compare the post-classical Latin variant narstucium , found in the Vitellius manuscript (11th cent.) of Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (see quot. OE at sense 1). The plural form nasturtia is after the classical Latin plural nasturtia.

1. Originally: any of various plants of the family Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae) having a pungent taste, esp. garden cress, Lepidium sativum, and watercress, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum. Now only (in form Nasturtium): a former genus of plants of the family Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae) that includes watercress.sweet nasturtium: see sweet adj.Valid publication of the genus name: W. T. Aiton Hortus Kewensis (ed. 2, 1812) IV. 109 (nomen conservandum).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > cress

cressa700

town cresseOE

nasturtiumOE

watercressa1400

cresson1657

tongue-grass1726

poor man's pepper1738

mustard and cress1808

fen-cress1818

Para cress1857

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > leaf vegetables > cress

cressa700

town cresseOE

fen-cressc1000

well-cressOE

nasturtiumOE

watercressc1300

garth-cress?14..

watercress?a1450

women's meadwort?a1450

garden cressa1500

peppergrass?a1500

nosewort1563

nosesmart1589

water-rocket1605

nosewort1608

well grassa1646

cresson1657

water grass1708

tongue-grass1726

poor man's pepper1738

marsh-rocket1739

passerage1879

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xxi. 68 Genim þære wyrte seaw þe man nasturcium [?a1200 Harl. 6258B narsturcium] & oðrum naman cærse nemneð.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 102 And somme by double oþir simple worchinge..as calamynte, Iuse of caule oroby..ypericon, narstuscium [L. nasturcium].

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 109 (MED) Also Rasis in rehercyng þys addeþ nasturcium, i. cresses.

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. E.vj^v Nasturtium is called in greeke Cardamon, in englishe Cress... Cresses growe no where, but in gardines.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1156/2 This was some mery deuill, or els had eaten with his teeth some Nasturcium before.

c1600 J. Conybeare Lett. & Exerc. (1905) 40 Nasturtium called cresses being eaten doth make the nose tinckle.

1699 J. Evelyn Acetaria 90 The Nasturtia are..the most effectual..Agents in conquering and expugning that cruel Enemy.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The leaves of the nasturtiums are divided and cut into segments.

1784 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) xiv. 276 To pickle Nastertium Berries.

1837 C. A. Wheelwright tr. Aristophanes Comedies II. 261 What prat'st thou of nasturtiums?

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 34 Exotic species with the habit of Nasturtium.

1987 A. R. Clapham et al. Flora of Brit. Isles (ed. 3) 99/1 Nasturtium R. Br... Differs from Rorippa in the white or pale purple flowers, and the absence of nectar-glands at the base of the median stamens.

1994 Aquatic Bot. 49 149 The five genera of aquatic cresses: Armoracia, Cardamine, Nasturtium, Neobeckia, and Rorippa.

2. Any of several kinds of tropaeolum with pungent-tasting leaves and showy orange, red, or yellow flowers, originally grown as salad plants, now chiefly as ornamentals. Also called Indian cress.Now usually denoting the larger species Tropaeolum majus, a hybrid form introduced from Peru to Europe in 1684, but at first applied to T. peregrinum (also from Peru), first described in 1574 and originally called Nasturtium Indicum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > cruciferous flowers > yellow or orange flowers > nasturtium

nasturtian1526

Indian cress1597

lark-heel1597

capucine1693

nasturces1693

nasturtium1706

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 294 Sow some Seeds of the Nastertium Indicum upon Hot-beds.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. xiii. 196 This beautiful plant is called in Latine Nasturtium Indicum: in English Indian Cresses.]

1706 J. Gardiner tr. R. Rapin Of Gardens i. 34 And arm'd Nasturcium through each teeming Bed, With Trefoil intermingling Leaves, is spread.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Nasturtium Indicum, Indian Cresses, the Flowers of which smell, and look very pleasantly.]

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Sallet The dry'd seeds of the Indian Nasturtium reduced to powder, finely bolted, and mix'd with a little leaven.

1786 J. Abercrombie Gardeners Daily Assistant 75 Nasturtiums—sow..under a hedge,..rails, &c. on which to train the plants..their young leaves and flowers for sallads, and their seeds to pickle.

1813 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening (ed. 5) xvi. 271 The double nasturtium is considered merely as a fine flower, but they are a beautiful garnish.

1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xii. 206 Nasturtiums clustered beautiful about the roots of the doddered orchard giants.

1864 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. ii. 151 Indian Cress,..called Garden Nasturtium.

1916 E. Porter David 135 Two huge granite posts topped with flaming nasturtiums marked the point.

1942 M. Lowry Let. 7 Aug. (1995) I. 406 The morning glory, the sweet peas and the nasturtium are all set now.

1991 Martha Stewart Living Spring 62/4 Nasturtiums can be eaten whole; both leaves and petals have a peppery taste, almost like that of watercress.

3. A shade of yellow, orange, or red resembling one of the colours of the nasturtium. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > orange > [noun] > dark orange

pomegranate?1780

capucine1791

nasturtium1845

1845 Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 465/1 Nasturtium.—Chrome yellow 24, flux 76.

1969 Burpee Catal. 115/1 An upright-growing lily of a most intense shade of nasturtium.

1992 Sporting Life 9 Oct. 3/3 The Jockey Club..do not recommend degrees of slope from the ground to the nasturtium painted guard-rail.

4. humorous. to cast nasturtiums on (also at): = to cast aspersions upon at aspersion n. 6.

ΚΠ

1916 W.L. George Strangers' Wedding i. v. 112 All right, 'Erb, I don't want to cast any nasturtiums on you!

1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise i. 22 He's been a long time in the firm and doesn't like any nasturtiums cast at it.

1998 Independent (Nexis) 27 Apr. (Features section) 8 I should hate to cast nasturtiums on the spotless reputations of the dancers.

Compounds

nasturtium-red adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > bright red or scarlet

scarletc1386

puniceousa1398

vermeilc1400

corala1522

Punic?1553

orient1578

vermilion1589

wax-red1593

cherry-red1594

Punical1606

coralline?1608

scarleted1641

coccineous1654

cinnabrianc1668

poppy-coloured1677

miniaceous1688

phoeniceous1688

cherry-coloured1695

coral-red1700

cardinal1755

cherried1762

ponceau1774

punicean1786

cinnabar1807

geraniumed1819

miniatous1826

cardinal scarlet1828

vermilion-coloured1835–6

geranium-coloured1836

pink1846

cardinal red1850

lobster-red1856

phoenicean1857

magenta1877

angered1878

scarlet-vermilion1882

tomato1889

camellia-red1890

miniate1891

nasturtium-red1896

sealing-wax1912

1896 Daily News 18 July 6/3 An oblong yoke of bright nasturtium-red velvet.

nasturtium-yellow adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > bright yellow

sunnisha1413

sunnyc1500

canary1818

sunshine yellow1835

marigold1872

buttercup1879

nasturtium-yellow1892

sunglow1924

sun-yellow1924

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 May 1/3 The Eton jacket..opened over a blouse of nasturtium-yellow silk.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nasturtium
释义	nasturtiumn. Brit. /nəˈstəːʃ(ə)m/, U.S. /næˈstərʃ(ə)m/, /nəˈstərʃ(ə)m/ Forms: Old English–1700s nasturcium, Middle English naisturcium, Middle English narsturcium, Middle English narstuscium (transmission error), 1500s– nasturtium, 1600s nasturtia (plural), 1700s nastertium. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nasturcium. Etymology: < classical Latin nasturcium, nasturtium, in antiquity taken to be < nas- (in nāsus : see nase n.) + tormentum torment n. or its etymon torquēre to twist (see torques n.), with reference to its pungency. Compare Italian nasturzio (1341–2; a1320 as nasturcio ), Spanish mastuerzo (1385, also 1659 (rare) nastuerzo ), Catalan nasturci (1492), Middle French, French †nasturce (1587, compare nasturces n.), Occitan nastor. Compare also Middle French, French nasitort (1556; 1505 as naritort), Old Occitan nazitort (13th cent., Occitan nasitòrt), calques on the Latin word.In sense 4 humorously for aspersion n. With forms in narst- compare the post-classical Latin variant narstucium , found in the Vitellius manuscript (11th cent.) of Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (see quot. OE at sense 1). The plural form nasturtia is after the classical Latin plural nasturtia. 1. Originally: any of various plants of the family Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae) having a pungent taste, esp. garden cress, Lepidium sativum, and watercress, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum. Now only (in form Nasturtium): a former genus of plants of the family Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae) that includes watercress.sweet nasturtium: see sweet adj.Valid publication of the genus name: W. T. Aiton Hortus Kewensis (ed. 2, 1812) IV. 109 (nomen conservandum). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > leaf vegetables > [noun] > cress cressa700 town cresseOE nasturtiumOE watercressa1400 cresson1657 tongue-grass1726 poor man's pepper1738 mustard and cress1808 fen-cress1818 Para cress1857 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > leaf vegetables > cress cressa700 town cresseOE fen-cressc1000 well-cressOE nasturtiumOE watercressc1300 garth-cress?14.. watercress?a1450 women's meadwort?a1450 garden cressa1500 peppergrass?a1500 nosewort1563 nosesmart1589 water-rocket1605 nosewort1608 well grassa1646 cresson1657 water grass1708 tongue-grass1726 poor man's pepper1738 marsh-rocket1739 passerage1879 OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xxi. 68 Genim þære wyrte seaw þe man nasturcium [?a1200 Harl. 6258B narsturcium] & oðrum naman cærse nemneð. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 102 And somme by double oþir simple worchinge..as calamynte, Iuse of caule oroby..ypericon, narstuscium [L. nasturcium]. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 109 (MED) Also Rasis in rehercyng þys addeþ nasturcium, i. cresses. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. E.vj^v Nasturtium is called in greeke Cardamon, in englishe Cress... Cresses growe no where, but in gardines. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1156/2 This was some mery deuill, or els had eaten with his teeth some Nasturcium before. c1600 J. Conybeare Lett. & Exerc. (1905) 40 Nasturtium called cresses being eaten doth make the nose tinckle. 1699 J. Evelyn Acetaria 90 The Nasturtia are..the most effectual..Agents in conquering and expugning that cruel Enemy. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The leaves of the nasturtiums are divided and cut into segments. 1784 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) xiv. 276 To pickle Nastertium Berries. 1837 C. A. Wheelwright tr. Aristophanes Comedies II. 261 What prat'st thou of nasturtiums? 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 34 Exotic species with the habit of Nasturtium. 1987 A. R. Clapham et al. Flora of Brit. Isles (ed. 3) 99/1 Nasturtium R. Br... Differs from Rorippa in the white or pale purple flowers, and the absence of nectar-glands at the base of the median stamens. 1994 Aquatic Bot. 49 149 The five genera of aquatic cresses: Armoracia, Cardamine, Nasturtium, Neobeckia, and Rorippa. 2. Any of several kinds of tropaeolum with pungent-tasting leaves and showy orange, red, or yellow flowers, originally grown as salad plants, now chiefly as ornamentals. Also called Indian cress.Now usually denoting the larger species Tropaeolum majus, a hybrid form introduced from Peru to Europe in 1684, but at first applied to T. peregrinum (also from Peru), first described in 1574 and originally called Nasturtium Indicum. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > cruciferous flowers > yellow or orange flowers > nasturtium nasturtian1526 Indian cress1597 lark-heel1597 capucine1693 nasturces1693 nasturtium1706 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 294 Sow some Seeds of the Nastertium Indicum upon Hot-beds. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. xiii. 196 This beautiful plant is called in Latine Nasturtium Indicum: in English Indian Cresses.] 1706 J. Gardiner tr. R. Rapin Of Gardens i. 34 And arm'd Nasturcium through each teeming Bed, With Trefoil intermingling Leaves, is spread. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Nasturtium Indicum, Indian Cresses, the Flowers of which smell, and look very pleasantly.] 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Sallet The dry'd seeds of the Indian Nasturtium reduced to powder, finely bolted, and mix'd with a little leaven. 1786 J. Abercrombie Gardeners Daily Assistant 75 Nasturtiums—sow..under a hedge,..rails, &c. on which to train the plants..their young leaves and flowers for sallads, and their seeds to pickle. 1813 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening (ed. 5) xvi. 271 The double nasturtium is considered merely as a fine flower, but they are a beautiful garnish. 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xii. 206 Nasturtiums clustered beautiful about the roots of the doddered orchard giants. 1864 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. ii. 151 Indian Cress,..called Garden Nasturtium. 1916 E. Porter David 135 Two huge granite posts topped with flaming nasturtiums marked the point. 1942 M. Lowry Let. 7 Aug. (1995) I. 406 The morning glory, the sweet peas and the nasturtium are all set now. 1991 Martha Stewart Living Spring 62/4 Nasturtiums can be eaten whole; both leaves and petals have a peppery taste, almost like that of watercress. 3. A shade of yellow, orange, or red resembling one of the colours of the nasturtium. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > orange > [noun] > dark orange pomegranate?1780 capucine1791 nasturtium1845 1845 Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 465/1 Nasturtium.—Chrome yellow 24, flux 76. 1969 Burpee Catal. 115/1 An upright-growing lily of a most intense shade of nasturtium. 1992 Sporting Life 9 Oct. 3/3 The Jockey Club..do not recommend degrees of slope from the ground to the nasturtium painted guard-rail. 4. humorous. to cast nasturtiums on (also at): = to cast aspersions upon at aspersion n. 6. ΚΠ 1916 W.L. George Strangers' Wedding i. v. 112 All right, 'Erb, I don't want to cast any nasturtiums on you! 1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise i. 22 He's been a long time in the firm and doesn't like any nasturtiums cast at it. 1998 Independent (Nexis) 27 Apr. (Features section) 8 I should hate to cast nasturtiums on the spotless reputations of the dancers. Compounds nasturtium-red adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > bright red or scarlet scarletc1386 puniceousa1398 vermeilc1400 corala1522 Punic?1553 orient1578 vermilion1589 wax-red1593 cherry-red1594 Punical1606 coralline?1608 scarleted1641 coccineous1654 cinnabrianc1668 poppy-coloured1677 miniaceous1688 phoeniceous1688 cherry-coloured1695 coral-red1700 cardinal1755 cherried1762 ponceau1774 punicean1786 cinnabar1807 geraniumed1819 miniatous1826 cardinal scarlet1828 vermilion-coloured1835–6 geranium-coloured1836 pink1846 cardinal red1850 lobster-red1856 phoenicean1857 magenta1877 angered1878 scarlet-vermilion1882 tomato1889 camellia-red1890 miniate1891 nasturtium-red1896 sealing-wax1912 1896 Daily News 18 July 6/3 An oblong yoke of bright nasturtium-red velvet. nasturtium-yellow adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > bright yellow sunnisha1413 sunnyc1500 canary1818 sunshine yellow1835 marigold1872 buttercup1879 nasturtium-yellow1892 sunglow1924 sun-yellow1924 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 May 1/3 The Eton jacket..opened over a blouse of nasturtium-yellow silk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
随便看	on or upon the waver on or upon tick on or upon tip-tail on or upon tiptail on or upon tiptoe on or upon tiptoes on or upon wry on order on other side on other sides on other wise on outward on oveward on oxback on oþre wisan——, on oþre on pain of on pain of death on pain of life on pain of treason on pancake wise on paper on parade on parole on part on party