Neanderthaladj.n.

Brit.

/nɪˈandətɑːl/,

/nɪˈandəθəl/, U.S.

/niˈændərˌθɔl/,

/niˈændərˌθɑl/,

/niˈændərˌtɔl/,

/niˈændərˌtɑl/

Forms: 1800s– Neanderthal, 1900s– Neandertal. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Neanderthal.

Etymology: < Neanderthal (now Neandertal), the name of a valley just east of Düsseldorf in North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany, where bones of the hominid were first discovered in 1856.

A. adj.

1. Physical Anthropology. Designating, relating to, or characteristic of a Middle Palaeolithic fossil hominid with a receding forehead and prominent brow ridges, known from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Esp. in Neanderthal man.Neanderthal man was originally regarded as a separate species, Homo neanderthalensis (so named by W. King in Q. Jrnl. Sci. (1864) 1 88–97; cf. quot. 1864), and later as a subspecies of H. sapiens, H. sapiens neanderthalensis; it is now increasingly viewed as a separate species again, probably at the end of a different evolutionary line from H. sapiens.The Neanderthals were associated with the Mousterian flint industry.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > protohuman > [noun]

anthropolite1778

Neanderthal man1861

caveman1862

man1863

prehistoric man1863

Pithecanthropus1873

Java man1895

Homo erectus1904

Heidelberg1909

Eoanthropus1912

dawn man1913

Neanderthaler1913

Piltdown man1913

Aurignacian1915

Neanderthalian1920

Rhodesian man1921

Boskopoid1926

Peking man1926

Sinanthropus1927

Piltdown1931

Predmostian1931

Minnesota Man1932

Neanderthaloid1934

Steinheim1935

Gigantopithecus1936

Africanthropus1938

Paranthropus1938

Piltdowner1941

Meganthropus1942

Telanthropus1949

Saldanha Man1953

pithecanthropine1955

Nutcracker Man1959

Homo habilis1964

iceman1972

1861 G. Busk tr. D. Schaaffhausen in Nat. Hist. Rev. Apr. 167 The considerations which have led us to compare the Neanderthal cranium with those of the most ancient races are still further confirmed by the discovery..of skulls exhibiting a yet closer correspondence with it.

1863 T. H. Huxley Evid. Man's Place Nature iii. 142 The posterior lobe of the brain of the Neanderthal man must have been as much flattened as I suspected it to be.

1864 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 1 88 It is my intention to confine myself to the consideration of the Neanderthal fossil with reference to its place in Nature.

1922 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 145/2 Neanderthal man is now revealed as an uncouth race with an enormous flattened head, very prominent eye-brow ridges and a coarse face.

1966 E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo vii. 117 Neanderthal Man lived here in Southern Africa.

1973 B. J. Williams Evol. & Human Origins xi. 176/2 In the material that follows I shall use the term Neandertal sensu lato, that is, in the broad sense. The term will designate the early stages of the within-species evolution of Homo sapiens.

1986 B. Lopez Arctic Dreams v. 179 Many archaeologists believe man came to North America in two waves. The first..brought with it flaked stone and bone tools comparable to Neanderthal man's Mousterian tools.

1996 A. Walker & P. Shipman Wisdom of Bones xiv. 229 The most spectacular of Upper Paleolithic burials have all the attributes of Neandertal burials.

2. figurative (humorous and derogatory). Primitive, uncivilized, loutish; spec. politically or socially reactionary.Used esp. of a man or a man's opinion.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lout or boor > [adjective]

carterly1519

loutisha1556

carterlike1561

loutlike1567

swaddish1593

tartarous1602

cluster-fisted1611

cloddish1844

yahooish1885

muckerish1900

Neanderthal1928

1928 Weekly Disp. 13 May 12/3 The pictures which show modern influence are even more unpleasant than the streaky bacon sunsets..or the most realistic neanderthal clergymen which otherwise decorate the walls.

1939 ‘N. Blake’ Smiler with Knife iii. 57 You know what the other side says—..‘Woman's place is in the kitchen’—all the rest of that Neanderthal tommyrot.

1973 D. Ramsay Deadly Discretion 97 How about your pal Ivan? Does he have sensitive feelings under that Neanderthal exterior?

1987 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Dec. 1424/2 If he tried to keep neanderthal republicans happy, it was at the bidding of Eisenhower.

B. n.

1. Physical Anthropology. A Neanderthal hominid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > member of superfamily Hominoidea (apes and humans) > family Hominidae (humans and ancestors ) > member of

homo1792

bimane1835

Neanderthal1874

hominid1889

hominoid1927

hominine1957

Kenyanthropus2001

1874 Amer. Naturalist 8 505 The skeletons found here are the oldest yet discovered in the Aleutian region, although not approaching in antiquity those discovered on Table Mountain, or the Neanderthal.

1899 A. H. Keane Man Past & Present 9 Certain skulls from South Australia seem cast in almost the same mould as the Neanderthal.

1923 A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. xv. 472 Whenever the origin of a people remains obscure, be they Neandertals, Alpines, Sumerians,..or what not, some one propounds the convenient hypothesis of deriving them from this vast interior land [sc. central Asia].

1991 N. Eldredge Fossils iii. 75 The differences between neanderthals and modern humans are greater than the differences generally encountered between two closely related species.

1998 Nature 8 Oct. 539/1 In the southern part of the Spanish peninsula..the local Neanderthals survived for at least 5,000–10,000 years after the arrival of the modern populations in the adjacent parts of northern Spain.

2. figurative (humorous and derogatory). A primitive, uncivilized, or loutish person; spec. a reactionary, a male chauvinist.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > dislike of change, reaction > [noun] > person

mumpsimus1530

inveteratist1715

reactionary1799

statu quo-ite1816

retrograde1825

redneck1830

stationary1831

stick-in-the-mud1832

reactionist1834

retrogradist1836

retrogressionist1848

mountainy man1851

misoneist1891

reactionarist1907

blimp1934

Neanderthal1966

hard hat1970

1966 M. Woodhouse Tree Frog xii. 86 A fourteen-stone Neanderthal with a sub-machine gun appeared.

1973 A. Price October Men xi. 164 He is a creature from the Dark Ages, a man of violence. A Neanderthal.

2000 U.S. News & World Rep. 12 June 56/3 The ‘Neanderthals’..remain firmly ensconced in the 1950s, according to female litigants.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	neanderthal
释义	Neanderthaladj.n. Brit. /nɪˈandətɑːl/, /nɪˈandəθəl/, U.S. /niˈændərˌθɔl/, /niˈændərˌθɑl/, /niˈændərˌtɔl/, /niˈændərˌtɑl/ Forms: 1800s– Neanderthal, 1900s– Neandertal. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Neanderthal. Etymology: < Neanderthal (now Neandertal), the name of a valley just east of Düsseldorf in North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany, where bones of the hominid were first discovered in 1856. A. adj. 1. Physical Anthropology. Designating, relating to, or characteristic of a Middle Palaeolithic fossil hominid with a receding forehead and prominent brow ridges, known from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Esp. in Neanderthal man.Neanderthal man was originally regarded as a separate species, Homo neanderthalensis (so named by W. King in Q. Jrnl. Sci. (1864) 1 88–97; cf. quot. 1864), and later as a subspecies of H. sapiens, H. sapiens neanderthalensis; it is now increasingly viewed as a separate species again, probably at the end of a different evolutionary line from H. sapiens.The Neanderthals were associated with the Mousterian flint industry. ΘΚΠ the world > people > protohuman > [noun] anthropolite1778 Neanderthal man1861 caveman1862 man1863 prehistoric man1863 Pithecanthropus1873 Java man1895 Homo erectus1904 Heidelberg1909 Eoanthropus1912 dawn man1913 Neanderthaler1913 Piltdown man1913 Aurignacian1915 Neanderthalian1920 Rhodesian man1921 Boskopoid1926 Peking man1926 Sinanthropus1927 Piltdown1931 Predmostian1931 Minnesota Man1932 Neanderthaloid1934 Steinheim1935 Gigantopithecus1936 Africanthropus1938 Paranthropus1938 Piltdowner1941 Meganthropus1942 Telanthropus1949 Saldanha Man1953 pithecanthropine1955 Nutcracker Man1959 Homo habilis1964 iceman1972 1861 G. Busk tr. D. Schaaffhausen in Nat. Hist. Rev. Apr. 167 The considerations which have led us to compare the Neanderthal cranium with those of the most ancient races are still further confirmed by the discovery..of skulls exhibiting a yet closer correspondence with it. 1863 T. H. Huxley Evid. Man's Place Nature iii. 142 The posterior lobe of the brain of the Neanderthal man must have been as much flattened as I suspected it to be. 1864 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 1 88 It is my intention to confine myself to the consideration of the Neanderthal fossil with reference to its place in Nature. 1922 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 145/2 Neanderthal man is now revealed as an uncouth race with an enormous flattened head, very prominent eye-brow ridges and a coarse face. 1966 E. Palmer Plains of Camdeboo vii. 117 Neanderthal Man lived here in Southern Africa. 1973 B. J. Williams Evol. & Human Origins xi. 176/2 In the material that follows I shall use the term Neandertal sensu lato, that is, in the broad sense. The term will designate the early stages of the within-species evolution of Homo sapiens. 1986 B. Lopez Arctic Dreams v. 179 Many archaeologists believe man came to North America in two waves. The first..brought with it flaked stone and bone tools comparable to Neanderthal man's Mousterian tools. 1996 A. Walker & P. Shipman Wisdom of Bones xiv. 229 The most spectacular of Upper Paleolithic burials have all the attributes of Neandertal burials. 2. figurative (humorous and derogatory). Primitive, uncivilized, loutish; spec. politically or socially reactionary.Used esp. of a man or a man's opinion. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lout or boor > [adjective] carterly1519 loutisha1556 carterlike1561 loutlike1567 swaddish1593 tartarous1602 cluster-fisted1611 cloddish1844 yahooish1885 muckerish1900 Neanderthal1928 1928 Weekly Disp. 13 May 12/3 The pictures which show modern influence are even more unpleasant than the streaky bacon sunsets..or the most realistic neanderthal clergymen which otherwise decorate the walls. 1939 ‘N. Blake’ Smiler with Knife iii. 57 You know what the other side says—..‘Woman's place is in the kitchen’—all the rest of that Neanderthal tommyrot. 1973 D. Ramsay Deadly Discretion 97 How about your pal Ivan? Does he have sensitive feelings under that Neanderthal exterior? 1987 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Dec. 1424/2 If he tried to keep neanderthal republicans happy, it was at the bidding of Eisenhower. B. n. 1. Physical Anthropology. A Neanderthal hominid. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > member of superfamily Hominoidea (apes and humans) > family Hominidae (humans and ancestors ) > member of homo1792 bimane1835 Neanderthal1874 hominid1889 hominoid1927 hominine1957 Kenyanthropus2001 1874 Amer. Naturalist 8 505 The skeletons found here are the oldest yet discovered in the Aleutian region, although not approaching in antiquity those discovered on Table Mountain, or the Neanderthal. 1899 A. H. Keane Man Past & Present 9 Certain skulls from South Australia seem cast in almost the same mould as the Neanderthal. 1923 A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. xv. 472 Whenever the origin of a people remains obscure, be they Neandertals, Alpines, Sumerians,..or what not, some one propounds the convenient hypothesis of deriving them from this vast interior land [sc. central Asia]. 1991 N. Eldredge Fossils iii. 75 The differences between neanderthals and modern humans are greater than the differences generally encountered between two closely related species. 1998 Nature 8 Oct. 539/1 In the southern part of the Spanish peninsula..the local Neanderthals survived for at least 5,000–10,000 years after the arrival of the modern populations in the adjacent parts of northern Spain. 2. figurative (humorous and derogatory). A primitive, uncivilized, or loutish person; spec. a reactionary, a male chauvinist. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > bias, prejudice > dislike of change, reaction > [noun] > person mumpsimus1530 inveteratist1715 reactionary1799 statu quo-ite1816 retrograde1825 redneck1830 stationary1831 stick-in-the-mud1832 reactionist1834 retrogradist1836 retrogressionist1848 mountainy man1851 misoneist1891 reactionarist1907 blimp1934 Neanderthal1966 hard hat1970 1966 M. Woodhouse Tree Frog xii. 86 A fourteen-stone Neanderthal with a sub-machine gun appeared. 1973 A. Price October Men xi. 164 He is a creature from the Dark Ages, a man of violence. A Neanderthal. 2000 U.S. News & World Rep. 12 June 56/3 The ‘Neanderthals’..remain firmly ensconced in the 1950s, according to female litigants. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1861
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