Ndugun.

Brit.

/(ə)nˈduːɡuː/, U.S.

/(ə)nˈduɡu/

Forms: also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Swahili. Etymon: Swahili ndugu.

Etymology: < Swahili ndugu relative (of the same generation as oneself), brother, sister, person from same place as oneself, social or professional associate, friend, (as Ndugu) comrade (1965 or earlier).Adopted in the 1960s by the Socialist government of Tanzania as an equivalent for comrade n. The term is occasionally used in English in its ordinary sense (restricted to African referents), e.g.1896 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 25 225 The guilty party has to hand over..three persons, even his own brothers and ndugu, and they will be slaves.

Chiefly East African.

In Tanzania (chiefly as a universal title or form of address): comrade.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun]

yferec870

brothereOE

ymonec950

headlingOE

ferec975

fellowOE

friendOE

eveningOE

evenlinglOE

even-nexta1225

compeerc1275

monec1300

companiona1325

partnerc1330

peerc1330

neighbour?c1335

falec1380

matec1380

makec1385

companya1425

sociatec1430

marrow1440

partyc1443

customera1450

conferec1450

pareil?c1450

comparcionerc1475

resortc1475

socius1480

copartner?1504

billy?a1513

accomplice1550

panion1553

consorterc1556

compartner1564

co-mate1576

copemate1577

competitor1579

consociate1579

coach-companion1589

comrade1591

consort1592

callant1597

comrado1598

associate1601

coach-fellow1602

rival1604

social1604

concomitanta1639

concerner1639

consociator1646

compane1647

societary1652

bor1677

socius1678

interessora1687

companioness1691

rendezvouser1742

connection1780

frater1786

matey1794

pardner1795

left bower1829

running mate1867

stable companion1868

pard1872

buddy1895

maat1900

bro1922

stable-mate1941

bredda1969

Ndugu1973

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man > in revolutionary or communist society

citizen1793

citoyen?1793

comrade1884

Ndugu1973

1973 Black World May 47 San Francisco Afrikans (brothers) Afrikan Afrikans (ndugu) West Indian Afrikans (Hey man).

1974 Daily News (Tanzania) 13 Sept. 3/4 ‘Ndugu’ (to trained nurse) ‘you're going to work in the ward for four hours today.’

1994 Bull. of Tanzanian Affairs Jan. 13 Public servants should avoid addressing people with political pomposity like ‘Ndugu’ or ‘Comrade’ in official correspondence... Officially the style should be ‘Mr’ or ‘Bwana’.

2001 Sunday Nation (Nairobi) (Electronic ed.) 18 Feb. (headline) Too appalling this letdown, Ndugu Mkapa.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ndugu
释义	Ndugun. Brit. /(ə)nˈduːɡuː/, U.S. /(ə)nˈduɡu/ Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Swahili. Etymon: Swahili ndugu. Etymology: < Swahili ndugu relative (of the same generation as oneself), brother, sister, person from same place as oneself, social or professional associate, friend, (as Ndugu) comrade (1965 or earlier).Adopted in the 1960s by the Socialist government of Tanzania as an equivalent for comrade n. The term is occasionally used in English in its ordinary sense (restricted to African referents), e.g.1896 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 25 225 The guilty party has to hand over..three persons, even his own brothers and ndugu, and they will be slaves. Chiefly East African. In Tanzania (chiefly as a universal title or form of address): comrade. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] yferec870 brothereOE ymonec950 headlingOE ferec975 fellowOE friendOE eveningOE evenlinglOE even-nexta1225 compeerc1275 monec1300 companiona1325 partnerc1330 peerc1330 neighbour?c1335 falec1380 matec1380 makec1385 companya1425 sociatec1430 marrow1440 partyc1443 customera1450 conferec1450 pareil?c1450 comparcionerc1475 resortc1475 socius1480 copartner?1504 billy?a1513 accomplice1550 panion1553 consorterc1556 compartner1564 co-mate1576 copemate1577 competitor1579 consociate1579 coach-companion1589 comrade1591 consort1592 callant1597 comrado1598 associate1601 coach-fellow1602 rival1604 social1604 concomitanta1639 concerner1639 consociator1646 compane1647 societary1652 bor1677 socius1678 interessora1687 companioness1691 rendezvouser1742 connection1780 frater1786 matey1794 pardner1795 left bower1829 running mate1867 stable companion1868 pard1872 buddy1895 maat1900 bro1922 stable-mate1941 bredda1969 Ndugu1973 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man > in revolutionary or communist society citizen1793 citoyen?1793 comrade1884 Ndugu1973 1973 Black World May 47 San Francisco Afrikans (brothers) Afrikan Afrikans (ndugu) West Indian Afrikans (Hey man). 1974 Daily News (Tanzania) 13 Sept. 3/4 ‘Ndugu’ (to trained nurse) ‘you're going to work in the ward for four hours today.’ 1994 Bull. of Tanzanian Affairs Jan. 13 Public servants should avoid addressing people with political pomposity like ‘Ndugu’ or ‘Comrade’ in official correspondence... Officially the style should be ‘Mr’ or ‘Bwana’. 2001 Sunday Nation (Nairobi) (Electronic ed.) 18 Feb. (headline) Too appalling this letdown, Ndugu Mkapa. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1973
随便看	reckoning day reckoning tablet reckonings reckonmaster reckons recks reclad reclaim reclaim area reclaim hall reclaimable reclaimableness reclaimably reclaimant reclaimants reclaimed reclaimed rubber reclaimer reclaimers reclaiming reclaiming bill reclaiming day reclaiming factory reclaiming motion reclaiming note