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单词 napalm
释义

napalmn.

Brit. /ˈneɪpɑːm/, /ˈnapɑːm/, U.S. /ˈneɪˌpɑ(l)m/, /ˈnæˌpɑ(l)m/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: naphthenate n., palmitate n.
Etymology: < na- (in naphthenate n.) + palm- (in palmitate n.): see further quot. 1946 at sense 1.
Originally U.S.
1. (a) A thickening agent consisting essentially of aluminium salts of naphthenic acids and of the fatty acids of coconut oil. (b) A thixotropic gel consisting of petrol and this thickening agent (or some similar agent), used in flame-throwers and incendiary bombs; jellied petrol.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > fire, radiation, or chemical weapons > [noun] > incendiary agent
napalm1942
napalm gel1946
incendijel1966
napalm jelly1966
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > viscosity > [noun] > becoming or making viscous > that which thickens > specific
napalm1942
1942 in L. F. Fieser Sci. Method (1964) iv. 47 Novello and Harris will arrive..on Monday morning and deliver 7 small bombs and 7 large ones, each loaded with 100 grams of white phosphorus and with Napalm Polymer Gum prepared in gasoline.
1942 H. C. Hottel Stud. Fuel Projection from Nozzles (U.S. Govt. Res. Rep. PB 23769, 8 June) Summary, Very striking and extremely promising, however, is the enormous increase in range obtainable by the use of special materials, specifically a starch-water suspension and an incendiary gasoline gel known as Napalm.
1946 L. F. Fieser et al. in Industr. & Engin. Chem. Aug. 769/1 It was next found (January 29, 1942) that a combination of aluminium naphthenate with the same ‘aluminum palmitate’ could be easily incorporated into gasoline to form a promising gel, and we termed this naphthenate-‘palmitate’ combination a Napalm gel. Subsequently it developed that the supposed ‘aluminum palmitate’ was actually the aluminum soap of the total fatty acids of coconut oil, and that the specific gelling quality is due to a high content of lauric, not palmitic, acid.
1952 R. Cutforth Korean Reporter xix. 174 He was no longer covered with a skin, but with a crust like crackling which broke easily. ‘That's napalm,’ said the doctor.
1964 L. F. Fieser Sci. Method ii. 32 The most interesting sample, Napalm X–104, arrived on April 13, 1942... The material is a brownish, dry, nonsticky powder. When an amount of Napalm powder sufficient to produce a 12% solution is poured into gasoline and given one stir, solvation occurs rapidly.
1967 Freedomways 7 121 We saw a man who was a victim of napalm, and two women who had been tortured in Diem's prisons.
1970 K. Lyle in A. Chapman New Black Voices (1972) 293 I-am-wishing for an hour of napalm on ALL Junior Chambers-of-Commerce.
1990 Survival Weaponry & Techniques Nov. 26/2 Army tactics changed with increasing aerial attacks on guerrilla controlled zones, reportedly using napalm and phosphorus.
2. figurative. An extremely unpleasant substance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] > unpleasantness > that which is unpleasant
unthankc897
offensiona1382
offencec1425
displeasure1470
pill1548
phlegm1567
water in a person's shoes1624
a whip and a bell1644
nastiness1718
disagreeable1726
watera1734
embitterer1752
disagreement1778
disagreeablism1835
grit1876
bad news1918
nasty1959
scuzz1968
napalm1984
1984 Chef Paul Prudhomme's Louisiana Kitchen i. 28 Cooked roux is called Cajun napalm in my restaurant's kitchen because it is extremely hot and sticks to your skin.
1992 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 20 Oct. a14/6 A form of itching powder known as napalm also was rubbed into the skins of prisoners.
1995 Southern Living Aug. 74/1 Don't let the sweet, fresh flavor fool ya. ‘It's pureed napalm.’

Compounds

C1.
napalm bomb n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > bomb > other bombs
iron bomb1759
suicide bomb1889
crump1914
radio bomb1914
marmite1915
pineapple bomb1916
pineapple1918
germ bomb1921
stick-bomb1928
bomblet1937
breadbasket1940
flash bomb1940
blockbuster1942
butterfly bomb1942
screamer1942
plastic bomb1944
napalm bomb1945
mail bomb1972
blast bomb1976
1945 N.Y. Times 17 Aug. 2/7 Only a few [new weapons] can be mentioned. Among them were:..the Napalm bomb—jellied gasoline with a detonator in a plane's detachable fuel tank.
1973 Black Panther 13 Oct. 14/2 He also charged that the Portuguese had been attacking them with tanks, napalm bombs and highly sophisticated and dangerous weapons supplied mostly by NATO countries.
1996 P. Richmond My Father's War iii. 218 They dropped a napalm bomb.
napalm bombing n.
ΚΠ
1953 Pacific Affairs June 175 Mr. Cutforth portrays vividly the..ghastly effects of napalm bombing.
1993 Yale French Stud. No. 82. 177 It is in this cave that she gives birth to her son, Arris, who is subsequently maimed by the French napalm bombing of the cave.
napalm burn n.
ΚΠ
1952 Times 14 July 7/6 The napalm burns are not necessarily the most painful of wounds.
1997 Tampa (Florida) Tribune (Nexis) 7 Nov. (Baylife section) The image of her running naked, screaming in pain from napalm burns, remains a symbol of all that was wrong with the Vietnam War.
C2.
napalm gel n. = sense 1b.
ΚΠ
1946 L. F. Fieser et al. in Industr. & Engin. Chem. Aug. 769/1 A combination of aluminium naphthenate with..‘aluminum palmitate’ could be easily incorporated into gasoline to form a promising gel, and we termed this..combination a Napalm gel.
1968 V. W. Sidel in S. Rose Chem. & Biol. Warfare iii. 46 The napalm gel proved far superior to the original rubber-based gel.
1998 Facts on File World News Digest (Nexis) 23 Apr. A 12,000 gallon..shipment of napalm gel..arrived for storage at California's China Lake Naval Weapons Center.
napalm jelly n. = sense 1b.
ΚΠ
1966 Daily Tel. 2 Nov. 14/8 Pictures showing the full horror of burns in Vietnam caused by the diabolical napalm jelly of phosphorus and petrol.
1985 Time (Nexis) 23 Dec. Civilians are regularly lectured on how to wipe burning napalm jelly from their skin.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

napalmv.

Brit. /ˈneɪpɑːm/, /ˈnapɑːm/, U.S. /ˈneɪˌpɑ(l)m/, /ˈnæˌpɑ(l)m/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: napalm n.
Etymology: < napalm n.
transitive. To attack or destroy with napalm. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > use of chemicals, etc. > attack with chemicals, etc. [verb (transitive)]
tear-gas1917
poison-gas1936
napalm1950
Mace1968
1950 N.Y. Times 26 Sept. 2/7 Troops were napalmed when they were found hiding in caves at the dead end of a canyon.
1952 D. Thomas Let. 8 Oct. in Sel. Lett. (1966) 378 I think it has something to do with what Our Side gives to people after it has napalmed them.
1966 New Statesman 26 Aug. 292/2 There is no patience left in Vietnam. It has been napalmed and shot away.
1974 K. Millett Flying (1975) iii. 293 It is different to be high on skag in a urine hallway..than to be napalmed, skin burning and village gone.
1990 Independent 18 Dec. 12 She's napalmed the seed beds of talent.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1942v.1950
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