back-upbackupn.

1900 G. D. Hiscox Horseless Vehicles xii. 262 The single lever..controls the forward speeds and the backup, doing away with the confusion arising from a multiplication of levers.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 3 Nov. 14/1 Back-up cards imprison those beneath them.

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1960 Times 7 Mar. 8/3 The enormous artificial lake..will reach 300 miles southwards, 75 miles farther than the back-up behind the present dam.

1949 Times Rev. Industry Aug. 28 Welding of steel reinforcement in direct contact with the concrete..has..been successfully used as a backup for boiler and fire box installations.

1957 Archit. Rev. May 320 The metal sheath walls with solid back-up.

1952 Wall St. Jrnl. 5 June 18 Value of the stocks, including ‘back-up’ supplies being held in warehouses for order filling, will total about £1 million.

1953 N.Y. Times 21 June 4 E Behind these advanced bases, and providing the necessary supply facilities, command posts and ‘back-up’ are the Marianas.

1956 W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 67/2 Backup communications equipment, alternate communications equipment.

1958 Space Talk (U.S.) 5 Backup, a substitute rocket or missile, or alternate procedure, to save time in the event of a delay or failure in launching.

1962 J. Dill in Into Orbit p. xviii Nearby was Glenn's backup pilot.

1964 CIS Gloss. Automated Typesetting (Composition Information Services) 3 A back-up computer may be located in the same plant or hundreds of miles away.

1965 Proc. AFIPS Conf. 27 193/1 The backup procedures must be prepared for contingencies ranging from a dropped bit on a magnetic tape to a fire.

1965 ISA Jrnl. Dec. 44/2 The analog control panel was retained and modified slightly to serve the dual purpose of a computer backup and an analog reference for digital-analog comparisons.

1967 Lebende Sprachen 12 73/2 Backup involves having one computer on-line and the other standing by.

1967 Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) 27 The infantry brigade group stationed in West Germany and its back-up brigade in New Brunswick.

1973 BIT 13 233 (heading) Optimal backup of data bases.

1983 80 Microcomputing Jan. 122/1 Make backup copies of your disks.

1983 Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Sept. 70/3 The backup process is supported across cartridges should a cartridge run out of space during backup.

1984 S. Curran Word Processing for Beginners viii. 84 Many systems..automatically save the previous version of an edited file, if any, as a back-up file.

1985 Times 9 Apr. 19/1 The most basic of data security precautions for any individual or company employing microcomputers is the making of back-ups, duplicate copies of the diskettes that hold valuable programs and data.

1962 Proc. Inst. Traffic Engineers 117 Consideration will be increasingly given to ‘graduated’ traffic flow systems which avoid abrupt changes in the character of road facilities, thereby minimizing queuing, and backups.

1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. 3 a/2 Not knowing what's causing a traffic backup is frustrating to motorists.

1985 City Cyclist (Toronto) Summer 9/2 The expressway system..has now succeeded in making suburbs themselves the very worst scenes of traffic jams and backups.