mutateadj.n.

Brit.

/mjuːˈteɪt/, U.S.

/ˈmjuˌteɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin mūtātus, mūtāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin mūtātus, past participle of mūtāre to change (see mutate v.). With use as noun compare -ate suffix¹. Compare earlier mutate v. N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (miū·teⁱt) /ˈmjuːteɪt/.

†A. adj.

Botany. Changed. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1840 J. Paxton & J. Lindley Pocket Bot. Dict. 212/2 Mutate, changed.

B. n.

†1. Linguistics. A form having a mutated vowel. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > sound changes > [noun] > umlaut > instance or result of

modification1845

mutate1875

1875–6 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 558 Several of the words given above may also be mutates, such as ded, sed, gredig.

2. Chess. A problem beginning from a block (a position in which Black, though not under threat, cannot move without being mated by White), in which the key move maintains a block, making no threat, but prepares a different set of mates against Black's various possible replies.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > move > type of move

neck1557

stroke1735

key1845

forced move1847

key-move1847

fianchetto1848

queening1860

pinning1900

mutate1922

valve1930

zwischenzug1941

1922 G. Hume & A. C. White Good Compan. Two-mover 297 We shall see that the term changed mate block (or ‘mutate’, as Brian Harley has suggested) is often indefinite in that it may include or exclude added mate features according to the individuality of separate problems.

1931 B. Harley Mate in Two Moves ii. 20 We now come to the last of the big groups into which the two-mover can be divided: the Complete Block both before and after the Key, which changes one or more mates: that is, the Complete Block-Change, or, as I have christened it for short, the Mutate.

1962 K. S. Howard One Hundred Years Amer. Two-move Chess Probl. 12 Wurzburg in No. 133 utilizes a mutate setting to show a charming illustration of a Bristol withdrawal key.

1996 J. M. Rice Chess Wizardry i. 20 No. 9 is a mutate... The key..still leaves Black in zugzwang, but changes the set replies to the pawn-moves and adds a variation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mutatev.

Brit.

/mjuːˈteɪt/, U.S.

/ˈmjuˌteɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin mūtāt-, mūtāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin mūtāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of mūtāre to change (see i-mene adj.). Compare earlier mutation n.

†a. transitive. To change, to transform. Also: to cause to change. (In quot. 1796 punningly.) Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)]

wendOE

forshapeOE

workOE

awendOE

makec1175

turna1200

forwenda1325

change1340

shape1362

transmewc1374

transposec1380

puta1382

convertc1384

exchangea1400

remue?a1400

makea1425

reduce?a1425

removec1425

resolvea1450

transvertc1450

overchangec1480

mew1512

transmutea1513

wring1524

reduct1548

transform1556

innovate1561

metamorphose1576

transume1579

metamorphize1587

transmove1590

transchangea1599

transfashion1601

deflect1613

fordo1624

entail1628

transmutate1632

distila1637

to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637

transqualify1652

unconvert1654

simulate1658

spend1668

transverse1687

hocus-pocus1774

mutate1796

fancy1801

to change around1871

metamorphosize1888

catalyse1944

morph1996

1796 T. Twining Let. 15 June (1991) II. 465 Thanks for your epistolary sketch... I adopted it: mutating the mutanda, to my fancy.

1882 Mind 7 441 Thus:—..mutating the premises and contrapositing O [etc.].

b. intransitive. To undergo change; to be transformed into something else.In later use strongly influenced by sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)]

wendeOE

braidOE

change?c1225

turnc1300

remue1340

varyc1369

flitc1386

strange1390

alter?a1425

degenerate1548

variate1605

commutatea1652

veer1670

mutate1818

reschedule1887

switch1906

to change up1920

1818 J. Brown Psyche 53 Since men of rank, when they mutate From one into another state, Assume the nature most allied To that which they must throw aside.

1941 W. H. Auden New Year Let. ii. 39 We had the luck to see a rare discontinuity, Old Russia suddenly mutate into a proletarian state.

1974 R. Hawkey & R. Bingham Wild Card xxiii. 188 As the story spread it mutated, becoming increasingly bizarre with each telling.

1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 Jan. 8/2 Evangelism mutated into a campaign to impose Victorian moral standards on the natives.

c. intransitive. Linguistics. To undergo mutation (see mutation n. 5).

ΚΠ

1981 P. Meara & A. W. Ellis in Linguistics 19 797 In other cases the phonemes appear to mutate before reversing.

1991 D. Crystal Dict. Linguistics & Phonetics (ed. 3) 228 When Old English was developing, the influence of an /i/ vowel in certain circumstances caused other vowels to ‘mutate’ in the direction of the cloze vowel.

2. Biology.

a. intransitive. To undergo genetic mutation. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [verb (intransitive)] > changes or actions of genes or chromosomes > mutation

sport1712

mutate1913

1913 Amer. Naturalist 47 12 A mutation need not be a loss, and..a recessive may revert in the sense that it may mutate.

1926 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 12 687 The first frequently mutating character observed in Drosophila virilis was the body ‘reddish’, which was found to mutate frequently to wild type.

1951 E. Hamilton Star Kings xix. 145 I think they were human once—human colonists who mutated under radioactive influence.

1972 Sci. Amer. Apr. 65/2 We have no reason to think the gene for cytochrome c mutates more slowly than the gene for hemoglobin.

1992 Animals Nov. 19/1 Classic examples of the speed with which viruses can recombine and mutate are the Asian influenza virus..and the new epidemic HIV virus.

b. transitive. To cause to undergo genetic mutation; to mutagenize.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [verb (transitive)] > mutation

mutate1961

1961 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 3 142 There are many genetic sites which can be mutated by HA.

1972 Nature 14 Apr. 326/1 Clearly, in at least some phage genes certain segments of DNA are more readily mutated than others.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 3849/2 We show that the non-responsiveness of T cell clones..to mutant viruses can be reversed by mutating a single residue.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mutate
释义	mutateadj.n. Brit. /mjuːˈteɪt/, U.S. /ˈmjuˌteɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin mūtātus, mūtāre. Etymology: < classical Latin mūtātus, past participle of mūtāre to change (see mutate v.). With use as noun compare -ate suffix¹. Compare earlier mutate v. N.E.D. (1908) gives the pronunciation as (miū·teⁱt) /ˈmjuːteɪt/. †A. adj. Botany. Changed. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1840 J. Paxton & J. Lindley Pocket Bot. Dict. 212/2 Mutate, changed. B. n. †1. Linguistics. A form having a mutated vowel. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > sound changes > [noun] > umlaut > instance or result of modification1845 mutate1875 1875–6 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 558 Several of the words given above may also be mutates, such as ded, sed, gredig. 2. Chess. A problem beginning from a block (a position in which Black, though not under threat, cannot move without being mated by White), in which the key move maintains a block, making no threat, but prepares a different set of mates against Black's various possible replies. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > move > type of move neck1557 stroke1735 key1845 forced move1847 key-move1847 fianchetto1848 queening1860 pinning1900 mutate1922 valve1930 zwischenzug1941 1922 G. Hume & A. C. White Good Compan. Two-mover 297 We shall see that the term changed mate block (or ‘mutate’, as Brian Harley has suggested) is often indefinite in that it may include or exclude added mate features according to the individuality of separate problems. 1931 B. Harley Mate in Two Moves ii. 20 We now come to the last of the big groups into which the two-mover can be divided: the Complete Block both before and after the Key, which changes one or more mates: that is, the Complete Block-Change, or, as I have christened it for short, the Mutate. 1962 K. S. Howard One Hundred Years Amer. Two-move Chess Probl. 12 Wurzburg in No. 133 utilizes a mutate setting to show a charming illustration of a Bristol withdrawal key. 1996 J. M. Rice Chess Wizardry i. 20 No. 9 is a mutate... The key..still leaves Black in zugzwang, but changes the set replies to the pawn-moves and adds a variation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). mutatev. Brit. /mjuːˈteɪt/, U.S. /ˈmjuˌteɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin mūtāt-, mūtāre. Etymology: < classical Latin mūtāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of mūtāre to change (see i-mene adj.). Compare earlier mutation n. 1. †a. transitive. To change, to transform. Also: to cause to change. (In quot. 1796 punningly.) Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] wendOE forshapeOE workOE awendOE makec1175 turna1200 forwenda1325 change1340 shape1362 transmewc1374 transposec1380 puta1382 convertc1384 exchangea1400 remue?a1400 makea1425 reduce?a1425 removec1425 resolvea1450 transvertc1450 overchangec1480 mew1512 transmutea1513 wring1524 reduct1548 transform1556 innovate1561 metamorphose1576 transume1579 metamorphize1587 transmove1590 transchangea1599 transfashion1601 deflect1613 fordo1624 entail1628 transmutate1632 distila1637 to make much (also little, something, nothing, etc.) of1637 transqualify1652 unconvert1654 simulate1658 spend1668 transverse1687 hocus-pocus1774 mutate1796 fancy1801 to change around1871 metamorphosize1888 catalyse1944 morph1996 1796 T. Twining Let. 15 June (1991) II. 465 Thanks for your epistolary sketch... I adopted it: mutating the mutanda, to my fancy. 1882 Mind 7 441 Thus:—..mutating the premises and contrapositing O [etc.]. b. intransitive. To undergo change; to be transformed into something else.In later use strongly influenced by sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] wendeOE braidOE change?c1225 turnc1300 remue1340 varyc1369 flitc1386 strange1390 alter?a1425 degenerate1548 variate1605 commutatea1652 veer1670 mutate1818 reschedule1887 switch1906 to change up1920 1818 J. Brown Psyche 53 Since men of rank, when they mutate From one into another state, Assume the nature most allied To that which they must throw aside. 1941 W. H. Auden New Year Let. ii. 39 We had the luck to see a rare discontinuity, Old Russia suddenly mutate into a proletarian state. 1974 R. Hawkey & R. Bingham Wild Card xxiii. 188 As the story spread it mutated, becoming increasingly bizarre with each telling. 1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 14 Jan. 8/2 Evangelism mutated into a campaign to impose Victorian moral standards on the natives. c. intransitive. Linguistics. To undergo mutation (see mutation n. 5). ΚΠ 1981 P. Meara & A. W. Ellis in Linguistics 19 797 In other cases the phonemes appear to mutate before reversing. 1991 D. Crystal Dict. Linguistics & Phonetics (ed. 3) 228 When Old English was developing, the influence of an /i/ vowel in certain circumstances caused other vowels to ‘mutate’ in the direction of the cloze vowel. 2. Biology. a. intransitive. To undergo genetic mutation. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [verb (intransitive)] > changes or actions of genes or chromosomes > mutation sport1712 mutate1913 1913 Amer. Naturalist 47 12 A mutation need not be a loss, and..a recessive may revert in the sense that it may mutate. 1926 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 12 687 The first frequently mutating character observed in Drosophila virilis was the body ‘reddish’, which was found to mutate frequently to wild type. 1951 E. Hamilton Star Kings xix. 145 I think they were human once—human colonists who mutated under radioactive influence. 1972 Sci. Amer. Apr. 65/2 We have no reason to think the gene for cytochrome c mutates more slowly than the gene for hemoglobin. 1992 Animals Nov. 19/1 Classic examples of the speed with which viruses can recombine and mutate are the Asian influenza virus..and the new epidemic HIV virus. b. transitive. To cause to undergo genetic mutation; to mutagenize. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [verb (transitive)] > mutation mutate1961 1961 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 3 142 There are many genetic sites which can be mutated by HA. 1972 Nature 14 Apr. 326/1 Clearly, in at least some phage genes certain segments of DNA are more readily mutated than others. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 3849/2 We show that the non-responsiveness of T cell clones..to mutant viruses can be reversed by mutating a single residue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1840v.1796
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