musthadj.n.

Brit.

/mʌst/, U.S.

/məst/

Forms: 1800s moost, 1800s mosti, 1800s– must, 1800s– musth.

Origin: Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu mast, Persian mast.

Etymology: < Urdu mast and its etymon Persian mast (adjective) raving mad, drunk, (noun) drunkard. Compare Sanskrit matta excited, intoxicated, mad, late Sanskrit matta drunkard, furious elephant.

A. adj.

Of a male animal, esp. an elephant or camel: in a condition marked by heightened aggression and unpredictable behaviour, usually occurring annually in association with a surge in testosterone level, and equivalent to the rutting season of ungulates; frequently in to go musth. Also: designating a pair of temporal glands which produce a copious sticky secretion on the sides of the head during musth. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [adjective] > relating to mating > in specific reproductive phase

hot?a1300

rutey timec1400

jolly1535

proud1575

rutting1575

rank1600

musth1839

oestrual1857

oestral1877

diœstrous1900

oestrous1900

polyoestrous1900

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Proboscidea (elephants) > [adjective] > relating to elephants > in must

musth1839

musty1868

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Proboscidea (elephants) > [verb (intransitive)] > be in state of must

to go musth1887

must1893

1839 P. M. Taylor Confessions of Thug II. i. 4 One elephant in particular I remarked... The animal was evidently much excited, whether by the noise, the lights, and the crowd, or whether he was must, I cannot say.

1871 J. Forsyth Highlands Central India 287 She is not subject to the danger of becoming ‘must’ and uncontrollable, as male elephants do periodically after a certain age.

1887 R. Kipling Departm. Ditties (1888) 21 The Commissariat hathee had—forgive the rhyme—gone musth.

1893 Sat. Rev. 2 Dec. 611 Mr. Labouchere ‘went must’ on the Matabele business.

1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales (1896) 89 A ‘must’ elephant.

1946 H. J. Rose Anc. Greek Relig. vi. 123 Why..was it ever supposed that an elephant when musth grew calm at the sight of a ram?

1990 D. Attenborough Trials of Life xii. 298 Then a gland on either side of the forehead, the musth gland, begins to pour out a sticky secretion which forms a dark satin down the side of the head.

2001 Hindu (Nexis) 4 Jan. A musth elephant has lived dangerously, survived the threats of thirst, infection, and has spent the whole day following mates, and still puts out all that aroma.

B. n.

1. A condition of heightened aggression and unpredictable behaviour occurring annually in certain male animals, esp. elephants and camels, in association with a surge in testosterone level. Frequently in in (also on) musth. Also in extended use.

ΚΠ

1840 C. von Hügel in Annals IV. 195 The state of the Elephant which drives it to madness is termed by the Indians Mosti;..as soon as the keeper of the elephant observes the symptoms of the Mosti coming on, he places before it a vessel..of fluid butter, called Ghie.

1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man II. xvii. 240 No animal in the world is so dangerous as an elephant in must.

1882 Times 8 Mar. 5/6 After Elephants arrived at the age of 21 they became dangerous at certain seasons, called ‘Must’ or ‘Moost Season’.

1901 Wide World Mag. 8 194/1 A huge, tuskless elephant, in a state of must or periodical madness.

1959 M. Pugh Chancer 35 He suffered from the recurring nightmare that his cameras would go on musth and stampede out of the studios at the second he was due on the air.

1972 New York 1 May 10/3 In twenty seconds she can go from emotional neutral to the fury of an elephant in musth.

1993 Independent on Sunday 8 Aug. (Review Suppl.) 43/1 Musth is brought about by a huge surge of the male hormone testosterone; an elephant in musth is like an athlete on drugs.

†2. An elephant in musth. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Proboscidea (elephants) > [noun] > elephant > male > must

musth1895

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Must,..an elephant in must.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	musth
释义	musthadj.n. Brit. /mʌst/, U.S. /məst/ Forms: 1800s moost, 1800s mosti, 1800s– must, 1800s– musth. Origin: Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu mast, Persian mast. Etymology: < Urdu mast and its etymon Persian mast (adjective) raving mad, drunk, (noun) drunkard. Compare Sanskrit matta excited, intoxicated, mad, late Sanskrit matta drunkard, furious elephant. A. adj. Of a male animal, esp. an elephant or camel: in a condition marked by heightened aggression and unpredictable behaviour, usually occurring annually in association with a surge in testosterone level, and equivalent to the rutting season of ungulates; frequently in to go musth. Also: designating a pair of temporal glands which produce a copious sticky secretion on the sides of the head during musth. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [adjective] > relating to mating > in specific reproductive phase hot?a1300 rutey timec1400 jolly1535 proud1575 rutting1575 rank1600 musth1839 oestrual1857 oestral1877 diœstrous1900 oestrous1900 polyoestrous1900 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Proboscidea (elephants) > [adjective] > relating to elephants > in must musth1839 musty1868 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Proboscidea (elephants) > [verb (intransitive)] > be in state of must to go musth1887 must1893 1839 P. M. Taylor Confessions of Thug II. i. 4 One elephant in particular I remarked... The animal was evidently much excited, whether by the noise, the lights, and the crowd, or whether he was must, I cannot say. 1871 J. Forsyth Highlands Central India 287 She is not subject to the danger of becoming ‘must’ and uncontrollable, as male elephants do periodically after a certain age. 1887 R. Kipling Departm. Ditties (1888) 21 The Commissariat hathee had—forgive the rhyme—gone musth. 1893 Sat. Rev. 2 Dec. 611 Mr. Labouchere ‘went must’ on the Matabele business. 1895 B. M. Croker Village Tales (1896) 89 A ‘must’ elephant. 1946 H. J. Rose Anc. Greek Relig. vi. 123 Why..was it ever supposed that an elephant when musth grew calm at the sight of a ram? 1990 D. Attenborough Trials of Life xii. 298 Then a gland on either side of the forehead, the musth gland, begins to pour out a sticky secretion which forms a dark satin down the side of the head. 2001 Hindu (Nexis) 4 Jan. A musth elephant has lived dangerously, survived the threats of thirst, infection, and has spent the whole day following mates, and still puts out all that aroma. B. n. 1. A condition of heightened aggression and unpredictable behaviour occurring annually in certain male animals, esp. elephants and camels, in association with a surge in testosterone level. Frequently in in (also on) musth. Also in extended use. ΚΠ 1840 C. von Hügel in Annals IV. 195 The state of the Elephant which drives it to madness is termed by the Indians Mosti;..as soon as the keeper of the elephant observes the symptoms of the Mosti coming on, he places before it a vessel..of fluid butter, called Ghie. 1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man II. xvii. 240 No animal in the world is so dangerous as an elephant in must. 1882 Times 8 Mar. 5/6 After Elephants arrived at the age of 21 they became dangerous at certain seasons, called ‘Must’ or ‘Moost Season’. 1901 Wide World Mag. 8 194/1 A huge, tuskless elephant, in a state of must or periodical madness. 1959 M. Pugh Chancer 35 He suffered from the recurring nightmare that his cameras would go on musth and stampede out of the studios at the second he was due on the air. 1972 New York 1 May 10/3 In twenty seconds she can go from emotional neutral to the fury of an elephant in musth. 1993 Independent on Sunday 8 Aug. (Review Suppl.) 43/1 Musth is brought about by a huge surge of the male hormone testosterone; an elephant in musth is like an athlete on drugs. †2. An elephant in musth. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Proboscidea (elephants) > [noun] > elephant > male > must musth1895 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Must,..an elephant in must. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1839
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