Mussulmann.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmʌs(ə)lmən/, U.S.

/ˈməs(ə)lm(ə)n/

Inflections: Plural Mussulmans, Mussulmen.

Forms: 1500s 1800s– Muselman, 1500s– Musulman, 1600s Moussiliman, 1600s Mulsulman, 1600s Muscelman, 1600s Musilman, 1600s Musleman, 1600s Mussalmone, 1600s Mussilman, 1600s Musullman, 1600s– Musalman, 1600s– Mussalman, 1600s– Musselman, 1600s– Mussleman, 1600s– Mussulman, 1800s Moosulman, 1800s Musselmenn (plural), 1800s Mussulmanis (plural), 1800s Mussulmaun.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Either (i) a borrowing from Persian. Or (ii) a borrowing from Arabic. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Turkish. Etymons: Persian musulmān, musalmān; Arabic musulmān; Ottoman Turkish müslūmān.

Etymology: < Persian musulmān, variant of musalmān, or Arabic musulmān (the word occurs in both languages but it is not clear in which it originated), ultimately < Arabic muslim Muslim n. (the formation is uncertain; perhaps based on Arabic musalmānī ‘convert to Islam’); perhaps partly via Ottoman Turkish müslūmān (also colloquial Ottoman Turkish in forms müsülmān, müsılmān; Turkish müslüman). Compare post-classical Latin musulmanus (1588), muselmannus (1586 in a British source), Italian mussulmano (1557), musulmano (1611), Middle French, French musulman (1562; 1553 in Middle French in form mussulman), Portuguese muçulmano (1563 in form moçalmam), Spanish musulman (second half of the 18th cent.), Dutch (archaic) muzelman (1622), German (archaic) Muselman, Muselmann (17th cent. in form Musulmann), Swedish muselman (1658 in form musulman). Compare also Middle French montssoliman (1551), Spanish †mosoliman (1613), alterations, by folk etymology, after Soliman, a variant of the name of Süleyman the Magnificent, sultan of the Ottoman Empire (reigned 1520–66).The ending -man has frequently been reinterpreted as < man n.¹, giving rise to a plural form Mussulmen , evidenced from the 17th cent. onwards (compare German Muselmann , plural Muselmänner , as against Muselman , plural Muselmanen ); the plural form Mussulmen is often regarded as incorrect by 18th-cent. and later normative grammars. In sense A. 2 after German Muselmann: see especially quot. 1982 at sense A. 2.

Now archaic and historical.

A. n.

1. A Muslim.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Islam > [noun] > person

Saracenc893

Mahomet1508

Mahometista1513

Mahometan1529

Turk1548

Mahomite1559

Mussulman1570

Ismaelite1571

Mahometician1588

Moor1588

Islam1613

Muslim1626

Mahometant1635

Mohammedan1663

Moorman1696

Unitarian1708

Islamite1786

Muslimin1819

Muslimite1840

Islamist1849

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 900/1 And if it chaunce a Christian beyng on horsebacke, to meete or passe by a Musulman, that is, a Turkishe priest, [etc.].

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxi. 59 No Muselmans shall enter into their Mosques, without they be first wel washed and purified.

1615 W. Bedwell tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ i. §9 The Musslemans..do exercise themselues in feats of armes.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 206 They call themselues Musilmans, to wit, good beleeuers.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xv. 51 Saying that it was not lawful for any to enjoy the blessings of God, but the holy and just Moussilimans [Port. Massoleymoẽs], such as they were.

1687 London Gaz. No. 2237/1 The Caimacan to raise money for the War, had sent to all the rich Musselmen.

1721 E. Haywood Fair Captive i. 4 Some haughty Musselmen, Earnest in Conference, approach this Way.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 212 Prayer, fasting, and alms, are the religious duties of a Musulman.

1800 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 76 There are 4 musselmenn upon the island of Serringapatan.

1841 Mrs. Clemons Manners & Customs India vii. 64 The Mussulmanis and Hindoois of the higher ranks are well aware of the evanescence of their charms.

1888 S. S. Allnutt in Suppl. Cambr. Rev. 15 Mar. p. lxii/2 We have only to look at the character of the prayers which every pious Musalman daily offers up.

1910 Amer. Hist. Rev. 16 12 After five hundred years of conflict the Christian states of Spain had finally got the better of the Mussulman in the thirteenth century.

1942 Mod. Lang. Notes 57 41 From the Venetian refudar ‘to refuse’ is derived the Cretan ἁρεϕουδéρνω ‘forsake’, and ἁρεϕουδáρω ‘turn out of doors’ which latter is used by the Cretan Mussulmans.

1996 M. Syal Anita & Me (1997) iv. 75 There was a Muslim in our carriage... A Sikh next to us began cutting off his hair quickly. He offered to shave the Musselman's moustache but he refused.

2. slang. Chiefly in plural. In Nazi concentration camps: an inmate in a state of physical and emotional exhaustion who has lost the will to live.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > one who is confined or prisoner > specific type in concentration camp

Sonderkommando1944

Mussulman1953

1950 H. Norden tr. E. Kogon Theory & Pract. Hell xviii. 214 Not all the prisoners were what came to be known as ‘Moslems’, men who were physically and mentally broken, who allowed anything to be done to them.]

1953 G. Reitlinger Final Solution ii. xvii. 458 Most of those who died were just Mussulmen, the camp slang word for a walking skeleton wrapped up in a bit of blanket.

1959 M. Levin Eva 224 These..were the creatures called mussulmans..in the last stage, when they reacted only as brute animals.

1975 N. Freeling What are Bugles blowing For? xxvii. 169 The man..has let himself die. It is a phenomenon similar to what was seen in the camps... The Musselmen they were called.

1982 T. Keneally Schindler's Ark xxxiii. 347 ‘Mussulman’. The term was camp jargon, based on people's memory of newsreels of famine in Muslim countries, for a prisoner who had crossed the borderline that separated the ravenous living from the good-as-dead.

B. adj.

Of or relating to Islam or Muslims.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Islam > [adjective]

circumcisa1325

Saracena1400

Mahometical1561

Mahometish1578

Mahometic1585

Mahometized1585

Mussulmanlike1589

turbaned1591

Mahometan1600

Ismaelitish1604

Saracenican1607

Ismaelitical1613

Moorish1613

Saracenical1613

Mahometanical1614

circumciseda1616

Mussulman1616

Mahounda1625

Muslim1626

Mussulmanish1638

Saracenic1638

Mohammedan1681

Sarazantic1726

Islamic1791

Islamitic1791

Islamite1800

Islamitish1801

Mussulmanic1801

Saracenian1818

Islamistic1828

Muslimite1829

Muslimin1844

Islamist1853

Ismaelitic1884

Muslimic1903

1616 T. Coryate Traveller for Eng. Wits 39 I haue spent all my time..in the Mahometan Countries,..and am like to spend three yeares more in these Musselman (as they call them) Regions of Asia, after of Europe, before J shal ariue in Christendome.

1684 tr. J. B. Tavernier Trav. II. 46 If it [sc. Persia] were..really sensible of Piety and the Musal-Man Faith.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 91 Here are a sort of bold, lusty, and most an end, drunken Beggars, of the Musslemen Cast.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 212 The gravest of the Musulman doctors imitate the modesty of their master.

1818 Ld. Byron Beppo lxxvii. 40 Less in the Mussulman than Christian way.

1883 F. Day Indian Fish 17 A Mussalman tribe, composed of immigrants from Arabia.

1926 Travel Nov. 25/1 Although the mussulman religion forbids the use of alcohol, Shooja Sultan had a great weakness for Scotch whiskey.

2000 Financial Times (Nexis) 20 Oct. His eyes moistened over some Mussulman reveill (dawn music),..he saw..the little Moorish women leaving the bath, muffled in white.

Derivatives

† Mussulmanlike adj. Obsolete rare = Muslim adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Islam > [adjective]

circumcisa1325

Saracena1400

Mahometical1561

Mahometish1578

Mahometic1585

Mahometized1585

Mussulmanlike1589

turbaned1591

Mahometan1600

Ismaelitish1604

Saracenican1607

Ismaelitical1613

Moorish1613

Saracenical1613

Mahometanical1614

circumciseda1616

Mussulman1616

Mahounda1625

Muslim1626

Mussulmanish1638

Saracenic1638

Mohammedan1681

Sarazantic1726

Islamic1791

Islamitic1791

Islamite1800

Islamitish1801

Mussulmanic1801

Saracenian1818

Islamistic1828

Muslimite1829

Muslimin1844

Islamist1853

Ismaelitic1884

Muslimic1903

1589 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations i. 184 Aswell in..Constantinople, as in other places of your Musulmanlike Empire.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mussulman
释义	Mussulmann.adj. Brit. /ˈmʌs(ə)lmən/, U.S. /ˈməs(ə)lm(ə)n/ Inflections: Plural Mussulmans, Mussulmen. Forms: 1500s 1800s– Muselman, 1500s– Musulman, 1600s Moussiliman, 1600s Mulsulman, 1600s Muscelman, 1600s Musilman, 1600s Musleman, 1600s Mussalmone, 1600s Mussilman, 1600s Musullman, 1600s– Musalman, 1600s– Mussalman, 1600s– Musselman, 1600s– Mussleman, 1600s– Mussulman, 1800s Moosulman, 1800s Musselmenn (plural), 1800s Mussulmanis (plural), 1800s Mussulmaun. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Either (i) a borrowing from Persian. Or (ii) a borrowing from Arabic. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Turkish. Etymons: Persian musulmān, musalmān; Arabic musulmān; Ottoman Turkish müslūmān. Etymology: < Persian musulmān, variant of musalmān, or Arabic musulmān (the word occurs in both languages but it is not clear in which it originated), ultimately < Arabic muslim Muslim n. (the formation is uncertain; perhaps based on Arabic musalmānī ‘convert to Islam’); perhaps partly via Ottoman Turkish müslūmān (also colloquial Ottoman Turkish in forms müsülmān, müsılmān; Turkish müslüman). Compare post-classical Latin musulmanus (1588), muselmannus (1586 in a British source), Italian mussulmano (1557), musulmano (1611), Middle French, French musulman (1562; 1553 in Middle French in form mussulman), Portuguese muçulmano (1563 in form moçalmam), Spanish musulman (second half of the 18th cent.), Dutch (archaic) muzelman (1622), German (archaic) Muselman, Muselmann (17th cent. in form Musulmann), Swedish muselman (1658 in form musulman). Compare also Middle French montssoliman (1551), Spanish †mosoliman (1613), alterations, by folk etymology, after Soliman, a variant of the name of Süleyman the Magnificent, sultan of the Ottoman Empire (reigned 1520–66).The ending -man has frequently been reinterpreted as < man n.¹, giving rise to a plural form Mussulmen , evidenced from the 17th cent. onwards (compare German Muselmann , plural Muselmänner , as against Muselman , plural Muselmanen ); the plural form Mussulmen is often regarded as incorrect by 18th-cent. and later normative grammars. In sense A. 2 after German Muselmann: see especially quot. 1982 at sense A. 2. Now archaic and historical. A. n. 1. A Muslim. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Islam > [noun] > person Saracenc893 Mahomet1508 Mahometista1513 Mahometan1529 Turk1548 Mahomite1559 Mussulman1570 Ismaelite1571 Mahometician1588 Moor1588 Islam1613 Muslim1626 Mahometant1635 Mohammedan1663 Moorman1696 Unitarian1708 Islamite1786 Muslimin1819 Muslimite1840 Islamist1849 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 900/1 And if it chaunce a Christian beyng on horsebacke, to meete or passe by a Musulman, that is, a Turkishe priest, [etc.]. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxi. 59 No Muselmans shall enter into their Mosques, without they be first wel washed and purified. 1615 W. Bedwell tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ i. §9 The Musslemans..do exercise themselues in feats of armes. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 206 They call themselues Musilmans, to wit, good beleeuers. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xv. 51 Saying that it was not lawful for any to enjoy the blessings of God, but the holy and just Moussilimans [Port. Massoleymoẽs], such as they were. 1687 London Gaz. No. 2237/1 The Caimacan to raise money for the War, had sent to all the rich Musselmen. 1721 E. Haywood Fair Captive i. 4 Some haughty Musselmen, Earnest in Conference, approach this Way. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 212 Prayer, fasting, and alms, are the religious duties of a Musulman. 1800 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) I. 76 There are 4 musselmenn upon the island of Serringapatan. 1841 Mrs. Clemons Manners & Customs India vii. 64 The Mussulmanis and Hindoois of the higher ranks are well aware of the evanescence of their charms. 1888 S. S. Allnutt in Suppl. Cambr. Rev. 15 Mar. p. lxii/2 We have only to look at the character of the prayers which every pious Musalman daily offers up. 1910 Amer. Hist. Rev. 16 12 After five hundred years of conflict the Christian states of Spain had finally got the better of the Mussulman in the thirteenth century. 1942 Mod. Lang. Notes 57 41 From the Venetian refudar ‘to refuse’ is derived the Cretan ἁρεϕουδéρνω ‘forsake’, and ἁρεϕουδáρω ‘turn out of doors’ which latter is used by the Cretan Mussulmans. 1996 M. Syal Anita & Me (1997) iv. 75 There was a Muslim in our carriage... A Sikh next to us began cutting off his hair quickly. He offered to shave the Musselman's moustache but he refused. 2. slang. Chiefly in plural. In Nazi concentration camps: an inmate in a state of physical and emotional exhaustion who has lost the will to live. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > one who is confined or prisoner > specific type in concentration camp Sonderkommando1944 Mussulman1953 1950 H. Norden tr. E. Kogon Theory & Pract. Hell xviii. 214 Not all the prisoners were what came to be known as ‘Moslems’, men who were physically and mentally broken, who allowed anything to be done to them.] 1953 G. Reitlinger Final Solution ii. xvii. 458 Most of those who died were just Mussulmen, the camp slang word for a walking skeleton wrapped up in a bit of blanket. 1959 M. Levin Eva 224 These..were the creatures called mussulmans..in the last stage, when they reacted only as brute animals. 1975 N. Freeling What are Bugles blowing For? xxvii. 169 The man..has let himself die. It is a phenomenon similar to what was seen in the camps... The Musselmen they were called. 1982 T. Keneally Schindler's Ark xxxiii. 347 ‘Mussulman’. The term was camp jargon, based on people's memory of newsreels of famine in Muslim countries, for a prisoner who had crossed the borderline that separated the ravenous living from the good-as-dead. B. adj. Of or relating to Islam or Muslims. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Islam > [adjective] circumcisa1325 Saracena1400 Mahometical1561 Mahometish1578 Mahometic1585 Mahometized1585 Mussulmanlike1589 turbaned1591 Mahometan1600 Ismaelitish1604 Saracenican1607 Ismaelitical1613 Moorish1613 Saracenical1613 Mahometanical1614 circumciseda1616 Mussulman1616 Mahounda1625 Muslim1626 Mussulmanish1638 Saracenic1638 Mohammedan1681 Sarazantic1726 Islamic1791 Islamitic1791 Islamite1800 Islamitish1801 Mussulmanic1801 Saracenian1818 Islamistic1828 Muslimite1829 Muslimin1844 Islamist1853 Ismaelitic1884 Muslimic1903 1616 T. Coryate Traveller for Eng. Wits 39 I haue spent all my time..in the Mahometan Countries,..and am like to spend three yeares more in these Musselman (as they call them) Regions of Asia, after of Europe, before J shal ariue in Christendome. 1684 tr. J. B. Tavernier Trav. II. 46 If it [sc. Persia] were..really sensible of Piety and the Musal-Man Faith. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 91 Here are a sort of bold, lusty, and most an end, drunken Beggars, of the Musslemen Cast. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 212 The gravest of the Musulman doctors imitate the modesty of their master. 1818 Ld. Byron Beppo lxxvii. 40 Less in the Mussulman than Christian way. 1883 F. Day Indian Fish 17 A Mussalman tribe, composed of immigrants from Arabia. 1926 Travel Nov. 25/1 Although the mussulman religion forbids the use of alcohol, Shooja Sultan had a great weakness for Scotch whiskey. 2000 Financial Times (Nexis) 20 Oct. His eyes moistened over some Mussulman reveill (dawn music),..he saw..the little Moorish women leaving the bath, muffled in white. Derivatives † Mussulmanlike adj. Obsolete rare = Muslim adj. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Islam > [adjective] circumcisa1325 Saracena1400 Mahometical1561 Mahometish1578 Mahometic1585 Mahometized1585 Mussulmanlike1589 turbaned1591 Mahometan1600 Ismaelitish1604 Saracenican1607 Ismaelitical1613 Moorish1613 Saracenical1613 Mahometanical1614 circumciseda1616 Mussulman1616 Mahounda1625 Muslim1626 Mussulmanish1638 Saracenic1638 Mohammedan1681 Sarazantic1726 Islamic1791 Islamitic1791 Islamite1800 Islamitish1801 Mussulmanic1801 Saracenian1818 Islamistic1828 Muslimite1829 Muslimin1844 Islamist1853 Ismaelitic1884 Muslimic1903 1589 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations i. 184 Aswell in..Constantinople, as in other places of your Musulmanlike Empire. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1570
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