museumn.

Brit.

/mjuːˈziːəm/,

/mjᵿˈziːəm/, U.S.

/mjuˈziəm/

Inflections: Plural museums, (archaic and rare) musea.

Forms: 1600s– (archaic) musaeum, 1700s muséum, 1700s– museum.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mūsēum.

Etymology: < classical Latin mūsēum a place holy to the Muses, a building set apart for study, especially the institute for philosophy and research at Alexandria < ancient Greek μουσεῖον a place holy to the Muses, in Hellenistic Greek also a school of art or letters, an institute for philosophy and research, especially that at Alexandria, use as noun of neuter of μούσειος of or belonging to the Muses < μοῦσα muse n.¹ + -εῖος , suffix forming adjectives. Compare French musée (13th cent. in Old French), muséum (18th cent.; 1566 in Middle French in form musaeum ), Italian museo (1538), Portuguese museu (16th cent.), Spanish museo (1611), Dutch museum (18th cent.), German Museum (16th cent.), Swedish museum (1737). Compare muse n.⁵

a. Ancient History. (Usually in form Museum.) In the ancient Hellenic world: a building connected with or dedicated to the Muses or the arts inspired by them; a university building, esp. that established at Alexandria by Ptolemy Soter c280 b.c.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > college or university buildings > at Alexandria

museum1603

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 141 In olde time they..builded the temples of the Muses, that is to say, houses ordained for students, which they named Musaea, as farre as they could from cities and great townes.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 111 That famous Musæum founded by Philadelphus.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. x. 284 The spacious and magnificent district of Bruchion, with its palaces and musæum, the residence of the kings and philosophers of Egypt.

1793 Encycl. Brit. (Dublin ed.) XII. 482/2 This quarter [sc. a part of the palace of Alexandria] was called the museum, on account of its being set apart for the muses and the study of the sciences.

1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 236 The ‘Museum’, or university building, comprised chambers for the Professors.

1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 583/2 Mount Helicon had a Museum containing the manuscripts of Hesiod and statues to those who had upheld the arts... There was a Museum in Plato's Academy and in Aristotle's Lyceum.

1986 Oxf. Hist. Classical World 352 The Museum was once described as the ‘bird-cage of the Muses’, and its subjects saw some spectacular cock-fights.

†b. gen. A building, or part of a building, dedicated to the pursuit of learning or the arts; a scholar's study. Also in extended use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun]

museum1645

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ vi. xx. 36 To my honoured friend and fa. Mr. B. Johnson... I thank you for the last regalo you gave me at your Musæum, and for the good company.

1675 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) III. 42 A Legacy of five hundred pounds towards the building a Musæum, or commencement house.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Museum, a Study or Library; also a College or Publick Place for the Resort of Learned Men.

1757 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances II. cxc. 30 It gives me Uneasiness, in my Musæum, when any Sentiment or Criticism occurs to me, that I cannot immediately communicate it to you.

1761 C. Johnstone Chrysal (ed. 2) I. i. xvi. 92 He waited on the Virtuoso, and..was immediately admitted to an audience in his musæum.

1846 E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 166 A heathy promontory there, good museum for conversation on old poets, &c.

a. A building or institution in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are preserved and exhibited. Also: the collection of objects held by such an institution.Although a museum may include a library or art gallery, the word is not (in British use) normally applied to an institution in which either of these is the sole or most prominent feature. However, in continental Europe the corresponding word is often used to denote an art collection, and when so used is usually rendered museum in English (cf. musée n.). Similarly, in the United States, museum is sometimes used for art museum (see art n.¹ Compounds 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > an exhibition > [noun] > museum

museum1653

repository1658

musée1861

1653 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis (rev. ed.) 473 A portion of the skin of such a savage, a certain Samartian sent unto Ulisses Aldrovandus, and kept in the Musæum of the Bononian Senate.

1672 R. Boyle Ess. Origine & Virtues Gems 96 Those that have given us accounts of Musæums and other collections of natural Rarities.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) The Museum or Ashmole's Museum, a neat Building in the City of Oxford.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 215 I have seen the British Museum; which is a noble collection, and even stupendous.

1778 F. Burney Evelina I. xxiii. 191 [He] changed the subject to Cox's Museum, and asked what we thought of it?

1816 T. D. Whitaker Loidis & Elmete 124 It would perhaps be difficult for all the musea of the kingdom to find half a dozen originals [of the wax impressions of seals] of the same date.

1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 10 Swords and shields of that metal, now in the Museum of Copenhagen.

1887 Aberdeen Evening Express 5 Sept. 2/6 Parts [of a whale] which are still in such a condition that they would smell the whole museum.

1952 Time 29 Dec. 37/1 Taylor hopes to remodel the entire museum... He has plans to meld his eleven departments into five.

1975 Times 27 Sept. 14/6 The first railway museum in Britain was opened..at York in 1928.

1996 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) 29 Apr. 9/5 Schliemann's gold is expected to remain at the Pushkin indefinitely, as the museum has resisted traveling exhibitions.

b. In extended use (usually derogatory): any large or motley collection of things, esp. outmoded or useless ones; the repository of such a collection.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun]

queleta1382

congregationc1384

numberc1400

hirselc1425

company1439

assemblement1470

bundle1535

sort1563

raccolta1591

bevy1604

crew1607

congest1625

concoursea1628

nest1630

comportation1633

racemationa1641

assembly1642

collect1651

assemblage1690

faggot1742

museum1755

pash1790

shock1806

consortium1964

the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > collecting and storing > collecting curiosities, etc. > a collection of curiosities, etc.

collection1681

museum1755

1755 J. Hervey Theron & Aspasio I. i. 17 The boundless Musæum of the Universe.

1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales (ed. 2) II. iv. 104 An odour to which that of a nightman's museum of foul abominations is myrrh and frankincense.

1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxiv. 228 Miss Blanche..had quite a little museum of locks of hair in her treasure-chest.

1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 106 The physical body of Man..is..a museum of obsolete anatomies.

1935 W. Faulkner Pylon 7 He entered the store, his rubber soles falling in quick hissing thuds..upon the tile floor of that museum of glass cases.

1944 T. Merton Iphigenia in 30 Poems 9 The world has become a museum.

1988 J. Mortimer Summer's Lease 65 My ‘Jottings’ will describe Italy as a place where the drama in the streets is never ending. Not as a museum.

Compounds

C1.

museum curator n.

ΚΠ

1888 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 799/2 The naturalist-traveller and his correlative, the museum curator and systematist.

1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Apr. 64/2 Museum curators have studied free radical reactions to understand how paint deteriorates, or oxidizes, over time.

museum director n.

ΚΠ

1880 London Q. Rev. Jan. 404 His moral to museum directors is: ‘Pay your preservers better.’

1901 Dict. National Biogr. Suppl. II. 219/2 This admirable selection of specimens remains to attest his unusual competence as a museum director.

1990 Antique Collector Oct. 63/1 Which brings us to the bugbear of all Britain's museum directors—how to survive on the government's miniscule [sic] acquisition grants.

museum interest n.

ΚΠ

1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage xiv. 180 The attempt of recent years to stage a music-hall revival has unearthed a few shaky veterans of variety, who have little more than a museum interest for the post-War generation.

1992 J. Shapcott Phrase Bk. 28 Hers wasn't a museum interest.

museum-keeper n.

ΚΠ

1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 50/3 Museum keeper.

1937 Discovery July 226/1 In his capacity as museum-keeper and legatee of other men's collections.

museum specimen n.

ΚΠ

1851 Internat. Mag. Lit., Art & Sci. Apr. 36/2 [They] have..put on the somewhat artificial look of museum specimens.

1948 R. M. Pearl Pop. Gemol. iii. 130 Rubellite..associated with the lithium mica, lepidolite, forms attractive museum specimens.

1992 D. J. Mabberley Trop. Rain Forest Ecol. (ed. 2) 167 The plant's pollen is still to be found in the head feathers of museum specimens.

museum value n.

ΚΠ

1893 W. G. Collingwood Life & Work J. Ruskin I. 143 Flaws and interruptions destroy the museum-value of a mineral.

2001 Morning Call (Allentown, Pa.) (Nexis) 20 Apr. b3 I don't know if there is anything here of museum value.

C2.

museum beetle n. the dermestid beetle, Anthrenus museorum or a related species (family Dermestidae), whose larvae can cause severe damage to textiles, zoological and entomological collections, and stored goods.

ΚΠ

1897 E. Hofmann Young Beetle-collector's Handbk. 65 A[nthrenus] museorum, Linn., the Museum Beetle.

1929 E. Step Brit. Insect Life (rev. ed.) 125 The worst member of the family in the opinion of the naturalist is the tiny Museum-beetle (Anthrenus musæorum) which finds its way even into air-tight Insect cases and causes havoc, the pretty little larva clad in brushes of stiff hair eating the bodies of our Insects and leaving only the severed wings, the pins and the labels!

1977 G. Vevers tr. H. Mourier & O. Winding Collins Guide Wild Life House & Home 99/1 When they attack textiles museum beetles are usually very fastidious, for they prefer clean new materials..or soft, expensive knitted goods.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	museum
释义	museumn. Brit. /mjuːˈziːəm/, /mjᵿˈziːəm/, U.S. /mjuˈziəm/ Inflections: Plural museums, (archaic and rare) musea. Forms: 1600s– (archaic) musaeum, 1700s muséum, 1700s– museum. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mūsēum. Etymology: < classical Latin mūsēum a place holy to the Muses, a building set apart for study, especially the institute for philosophy and research at Alexandria < ancient Greek μουσεῖον a place holy to the Muses, in Hellenistic Greek also a school of art or letters, an institute for philosophy and research, especially that at Alexandria, use as noun of neuter of μούσειος of or belonging to the Muses < μοῦσα muse n.¹ + -εῖος , suffix forming adjectives. Compare French musée (13th cent. in Old French), muséum (18th cent.; 1566 in Middle French in form musaeum ), Italian museo (1538), Portuguese museu (16th cent.), Spanish museo (1611), Dutch museum (18th cent.), German Museum (16th cent.), Swedish museum (1737). Compare muse n.⁵ 1. a. Ancient History. (Usually in form Museum.) In the ancient Hellenic world: a building connected with or dedicated to the Muses or the arts inspired by them; a university building, esp. that established at Alexandria by Ptolemy Soter c280 b.c. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > college or university buildings > at Alexandria museum1603 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 141 In olde time they..builded the temples of the Muses, that is to say, houses ordained for students, which they named Musaea, as farre as they could from cities and great townes. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 111 That famous Musæum founded by Philadelphus. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. x. 284 The spacious and magnificent district of Bruchion, with its palaces and musæum, the residence of the kings and philosophers of Egypt. 1793 Encycl. Brit. (Dublin ed.) XII. 482/2 This quarter [sc. a part of the palace of Alexandria] was called the museum, on account of its being set apart for the muses and the study of the sciences. 1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 236 The ‘Museum’, or university building, comprised chambers for the Professors. 1949 Oxf. Classical Dict. 583/2 Mount Helicon had a Museum containing the manuscripts of Hesiod and statues to those who had upheld the arts... There was a Museum in Plato's Academy and in Aristotle's Lyceum. 1986 Oxf. Hist. Classical World 352 The Museum was once described as the ‘bird-cage of the Muses’, and its subjects saw some spectacular cock-fights. †b. gen. A building, or part of a building, dedicated to the pursuit of learning or the arts; a scholar's study. Also in extended use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] museum1645 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ vi. xx. 36 To my honoured friend and fa. Mr. B. Johnson... I thank you for the last regalo you gave me at your Musæum, and for the good company. 1675 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) III. 42 A Legacy of five hundred pounds towards the building a Musæum, or commencement house. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Museum, a Study or Library; also a College or Publick Place for the Resort of Learned Men. 1757 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances II. cxc. 30 It gives me Uneasiness, in my Musæum, when any Sentiment or Criticism occurs to me, that I cannot immediately communicate it to you. 1761 C. Johnstone Chrysal (ed. 2) I. i. xvi. 92 He waited on the Virtuoso, and..was immediately admitted to an audience in his musæum. 1846 E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 166 A heathy promontory there, good museum for conversation on old poets, &c. 2. a. A building or institution in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are preserved and exhibited. Also: the collection of objects held by such an institution.Although a museum may include a library or art gallery, the word is not (in British use) normally applied to an institution in which either of these is the sole or most prominent feature. However, in continental Europe the corresponding word is often used to denote an art collection, and when so used is usually rendered museum in English (cf. musée n.). Similarly, in the United States, museum is sometimes used for art museum (see art n.¹ Compounds 1). ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > an exhibition > [noun] > museum museum1653 repository1658 musée1861 1653 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis (rev. ed.) 473 A portion of the skin of such a savage, a certain Samartian sent unto Ulisses Aldrovandus, and kept in the Musæum of the Bononian Senate. 1672 R. Boyle Ess. Origine & Virtues Gems 96 Those that have given us accounts of Musæums and other collections of natural Rarities. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) The Museum or Ashmole's Museum, a neat Building in the City of Oxford. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 215 I have seen the British Museum; which is a noble collection, and even stupendous. 1778 F. Burney Evelina I. xxiii. 191 [He] changed the subject to Cox's Museum, and asked what we thought of it? 1816 T. D. Whitaker Loidis & Elmete 124 It would perhaps be difficult for all the musea of the kingdom to find half a dozen originals [of the wax impressions of seals] of the same date. 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 10 Swords and shields of that metal, now in the Museum of Copenhagen. 1887 Aberdeen Evening Express 5 Sept. 2/6 Parts [of a whale] which are still in such a condition that they would smell the whole museum. 1952 Time 29 Dec. 37/1 Taylor hopes to remodel the entire museum... He has plans to meld his eleven departments into five. 1975 Times 27 Sept. 14/6 The first railway museum in Britain was opened..at York in 1928. 1996 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) 29 Apr. 9/5 Schliemann's gold is expected to remain at the Pushkin indefinitely, as the museum has resisted traveling exhibitions. b. In extended use (usually derogatory): any large or motley collection of things, esp. outmoded or useless ones; the repository of such a collection. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] queleta1382 congregationc1384 numberc1400 hirselc1425 company1439 assemblement1470 bundle1535 sort1563 raccolta1591 bevy1604 crew1607 congest1625 concoursea1628 nest1630 comportation1633 racemationa1641 assembly1642 collect1651 assemblage1690 faggot1742 museum1755 pash1790 shock1806 consortium1964 the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > collecting and storing > collecting curiosities, etc. > a collection of curiosities, etc. collection1681 museum1755 1755 J. Hervey Theron & Aspasio I. i. 17 The boundless Musæum of the Universe. 1827 P. Cunningham Two Years New S. Wales (ed. 2) II. iv. 104 An odour to which that of a nightman's museum of foul abominations is myrrh and frankincense. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxiv. 228 Miss Blanche..had quite a little museum of locks of hair in her treasure-chest. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 106 The physical body of Man..is..a museum of obsolete anatomies. 1935 W. Faulkner Pylon 7 He entered the store, his rubber soles falling in quick hissing thuds..upon the tile floor of that museum of glass cases. 1944 T. Merton Iphigenia in 30 Poems 9 The world has become a museum. 1988 J. Mortimer Summer's Lease 65 My ‘Jottings’ will describe Italy as a place where the drama in the streets is never ending. Not as a museum. Compounds C1. museum curator n. ΚΠ 1888 E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 799/2 The naturalist-traveller and his correlative, the museum curator and systematist. 1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Apr. 64/2 Museum curators have studied free radical reactions to understand how paint deteriorates, or oxidizes, over time. museum director n. ΚΠ 1880 London Q. Rev. Jan. 404 His moral to museum directors is: ‘Pay your preservers better.’ 1901 Dict. National Biogr. Suppl. II. 219/2 This admirable selection of specimens remains to attest his unusual competence as a museum director. 1990 Antique Collector Oct. 63/1 Which brings us to the bugbear of all Britain's museum directors—how to survive on the government's miniscule [sic] acquisition grants. museum interest n. ΚΠ 1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage xiv. 180 The attempt of recent years to stage a music-hall revival has unearthed a few shaky veterans of variety, who have little more than a museum interest for the post-War generation. 1992 J. Shapcott Phrase Bk. 28 Hers wasn't a museum interest. museum-keeper n. ΚΠ 1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 50/3 Museum keeper. 1937 Discovery July 226/1 In his capacity as museum-keeper and legatee of other men's collections. museum specimen n. ΚΠ 1851 Internat. Mag. Lit., Art & Sci. Apr. 36/2 [They] have..put on the somewhat artificial look of museum specimens. 1948 R. M. Pearl Pop. Gemol. iii. 130 Rubellite..associated with the lithium mica, lepidolite, forms attractive museum specimens. 1992 D. J. Mabberley Trop. Rain Forest Ecol. (ed. 2) 167 The plant's pollen is still to be found in the head feathers of museum specimens. museum value n. ΚΠ 1893 W. G. Collingwood Life & Work J. Ruskin I. 143 Flaws and interruptions destroy the museum-value of a mineral. 2001 Morning Call (Allentown, Pa.) (Nexis) 20 Apr. b3 I don't know if there is anything here of museum value. C2. museum beetle n. the dermestid beetle, Anthrenus museorum or a related species (family Dermestidae), whose larvae can cause severe damage to textiles, zoological and entomological collections, and stored goods. ΚΠ 1897 E. Hofmann Young Beetle-collector's Handbk. 65 A[nthrenus] museorum, Linn., the Museum Beetle. 1929 E. Step Brit. Insect Life (rev. ed.) 125 The worst member of the family in the opinion of the naturalist is the tiny Museum-beetle (Anthrenus musæorum) which finds its way even into air-tight Insect cases and causes havoc, the pretty little larva clad in brushes of stiff hair eating the bodies of our Insects and leaving only the severed wings, the pins and the labels! 1977 G. Vevers tr. H. Mourier & O. Winding Collins Guide Wild Life House & Home 99/1 When they attack textiles museum beetles are usually very fastidious, for they prefer clean new materials..or soft, expensive knitted goods. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). museumv. Brit. /mjuːˈziːəm/, /mjᵿˈziːəm/, U.S. /mjuˈziəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: museum n. Etymology: < museum n. Compare museuming n. colloquial. rare. intransitive. To visit museums. Occasionally transitive: to take (someone) to visit a museum or museums. ΚΠ 1838 R. Owen Let. 25 Sept. in Life (1894) I. iv. 139 We..steam to Bonn; there a day or two museuming, and then for Home. 1899 H. James Let. 2 Apr. in W. James & H. James Sel. Lett. (1997) 370 I breakfasted, dined, theatre'd, museumed; walked and talked them..& left them a souvenir on my departure. 2002 N.Y. Mag. 30 Sept. 137/1 (advt.) Well-traveled, lived in Europe—returns summers to hike, bike and museum. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1603v.1838
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museumn.

Compounds

museumv.